HomeMy WebLinkAbout2022_05_17 CC PKTCity Council
City of Brookings
Meeting Agenda - Final
Brookings City Council
Brookings City & County
Government Center
520 3rd St., Suite 230
Brookings, SD 57006
Phone: (605) 692-6281
"We are an inclusive, diverse, connected community that fuels the creative class, embraces sustainability
and pursues a complete lifestyle. We are committed to building a bright future through dedication,
generosity and authenticity. Bring your dreams!"
Council Chambers5:30 PMTuesday, May 17, 2022
Study Session
The City of Brookings is committed to providing a high quality of life for its citizens and fostering a diverse
economic base through innovative thinking, strategic planning, and proactive, fiscally responsible municipal
management.
5:30 PM STUDY SESSION
1. Call to Order / Pledge of Allegiance.
2. Record of Council Attendance.
3. Action to approve the agenda.
4. Open Forum.
At this time, any member of the public may request time on the agenda for an item not
listed or to make a brief announcement or invitation. Items will be scheduled at the end
of the meeting. Individuals are asked to state their name and address for the record.
5.ID 22-0216 Presentation: Discussion on Clothing / Fabric Sustainability.
Memo
Report
Presentation
Attachments:
6.ID 22-0223 Presentation: City of Brookings 2022 Capital Improvements Project.
Memo
2022 CIP List
Attachments:
7.ID 22-0222 Presentation: Proposed Special Assessment Policy.
Page 1 City of Brookings
May 17, 2022City Council Meeting Agenda - Final
Memo
Draft Policy
Attachments:
8.ID 22-0221 Discussion on American Rescue Plan Act Funding.
Memo
Presentation
Baker Tilly Survey - Targeted Community Stakeholders
Polco Survey - Residents
Polco Survey - Businesses
Attachments:
9. City Council member introduction of topics for future discussion.
Any Council Member may request discussion of any topic at a future meeting. Items
cannot be added for action at this meeting. A motion and second is required which
states the topic, requested outcome, and time frame. A majority vote is required.
10. Adjourn.
Brookings City Council: Oepke G.Niemeyer, Mayor; Nick Wendell, Deputy Mayor
Council Members Wayne Avery, Joey Collins, Brianna Doran, Holly Tilton Byrne, Bonny Specker
Brookings City Council Staff:
Paul M. Briseno, City Manager Steven Britzman, City Attorney Bonnie Foster, City Clerk
Public Comment is limited to a maximum of three minutes per person during the meeting. Individuals are asked to
give their name and address for the record. Public Comment may be submitted prior to the meeting: 1) Email
comments to the City Clerk (bfoster@cityofbrookings-sd.gov), 2) participate via Zoom, or 3) via eComment
(https://cityofbrookings.legistar.com/Calendar.aspx ). Those who provide comments in any manner should
understand their comments will become part of the official record and subject to review by all parties and the
public.
Meetings are broadcast live and recorded. Go to www.cityofbrookings-sd.gov for more information. Government
Channel 9 Rebroadcast Schedule: Wednesday 1:00 pm / Thursday 7:00 pm / Friday 9:00 pm / Saturday 1:00 pm
Upon request, accommodations for meetings will be provided for persons with disabilities. Please contact Susan
Rotert, City Human Resources Director and ADA Coordinator at (605) 692-6281 at least three (3) business days in
advance of the meeting.
Page 2 City of Brookings
City of Brookings
Staff Report
Brookings City & County
Government Center, 520
Third Street
Brookings, SD 57006
(605) 692-6281 phone
(605) 692-6907 fax
File #:ID 22-0216,Version:1
Presentation: Discussion on Clothing / Fabric Sustainability.
Summary:
Industry studies demonstrate the textile and clothing apparel sectors are a significant contributor to
the global economy, creating millions of livelihoods around the world. As the global apparel
production and consumption continue to rise, the current ‘take, make, dispose’ model of production
and consumption has reinforced negative environmental impacts that potentially place address stress
on communities’. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of these impacts, the Brookings
Sustainably Council conducted a review of available research and developed an initial summary
report.
Recommendation:
This is a presentation to City Council for informational purposes and discussion.
Attachments:
Memo
Report
Presentation
City of Brookings Printed on 5/12/2022Page 1 of 1
powered by Legistar™
City Council Agenda Memo
From: Albert Patin, Vice Chair – Sustainability Council
Council Meeting: May 17, 2022
Subject: Clothing/Fabric Sustainability
Presenter: Albert Patin, Vice Chair – Sustainability Council
Summary:
Industry studies demonstrate that the textile and clothing apparel sectors are a
significant contributor to the global economy, creating millions of livelihoods around the
world. As the global apparel production and consumption continue to rise, the current
‘take, make, dispose’ model of production and consumption has reinforced negative
environmental impacts that potentially place address stress on communities’. To gain a
more comprehensive understanding of these impacts, the Brookings Sustainably
Council conducted a review of available research and developed an initial summary
report.
Background:
There are several environmental impacts that the “take, make & dispose” model
present. In 2018 the fashion industry produced 2.1 billion tons of Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
equivalent. This represents 4% of global carbon emissions and represents an
emissions’ share larger than that of France, Germany and the UK combined. Factors
which lead to this emissions rate include the use of high volumes of non -renewable
resources, such as petroleum products to produce polyester fabrics (upstream
production), brand operation, and end of use.
Industrial figures suggest the current fashion system uses high volumes of non-
renewable resources, including petroleum, to produce clothes which are often used only
for a short period of time. The production of polyester consumes 70 million barrels of oil
each year. Industry figures suggest modern clothing will have a lifespan of between 2-
10 years. A study conducted for Patagonia estimated that for every 100,000 people, up
to 110kg of microfibers would be released into local waterways daily.
Modern garments are often blended with multiple types of materials. This makes them
hard to separate so they can be effectively recycled. Sorting textiles into different fibers
and material types by hand is labor intensive, slow, and requires a skilled workforce.
Growing use of modern blends in clothing also makes it hard to do this mechanically.
The fibers in clothing are polymers, long chains of chemically linked molecules.
Washing and wearing clothing shorten and weaken these polymers, so by the time a
garment is discarded, the polymers are too short to turn into a strong new fabric.
According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the main source of textiles in
municipal solid waste (MSW) for the United States is discarded clothing. The EPA
estimated the generation of textiles in 2018 was 17 million tons. This figure represents
5.8 percent of total MSW generation that year. Landfills received 11.3 million tons of
MSW textiles in 2018. This was 7.7 percent of all MSW landfilled.
Item Details:
Through our journey of learning we have identified several actions citizens can do to
help improve the sustainability of clothing and reduce impact:
Learn how to properly care for the clothes you own. Extending the life of your
garments by learning how to properly care for different fabrics, investing in tools
to care for more delicate textiles, and washing your wardrobe less.
Secondhand is an easy and affordable way to be more sustainable. Reuse is
much greener than recycling, and is a great way to afford higher-quality clothes
which last longer and have higher resale value, creating a circle of sustainability.
Maintain a goal to be a more sustainable shopper. As data demonstrates, the
fashion industry is one of the most polluting and plays a role in global warming.
Donation and Consignment reuse of clothing. There are several local resources
which can be used to enhance the longevity and thus increase the sustainability
of your clothing. These resources including both donation and consignment.
Legal Consideration:
None
Strategic Plan Consideration:
Sustainability – Understanding the environmental impact associated with the production
of modern clothing and factors that affect their sustainability can be used to help
educate and provide opportunities to lessen overall impact.
Financial Consideration:
None
Options and Recommendation:
This is a presentation to City Council for informational purposes and discussion.
Supporting Documentation:
Report
Presentation
City of Brookings - Sustainability Council
Clothing Sustainability: What is the problem and what can we do.
What is the problem we are faced with?
Industry studies demonstrate that the textiles sector is a significant contributor to the
global economy, creating millions of livelihoods around the world.
But global apparel production and consumption continue to rise, and the current ‘take,
make, dispose’ model of production and consumption has many negative
environmental and social impacts.
This following summary report presents data provided by multiple organizations and
countries. This report is separated into the following elements:
1.) Carbon Emissions associated with the Garment industry
2.) Microfiber release into the environment
3.) Garment waste and effects on Landfills
4.) Recycling of Garments
5.) Roadblocks to the recycling of Garments
6.) Who can act to reduce emissions and waste production?
7.) Tips that can be used by citizens to reduce impact
Carbon Emissions associated with the Garment industry
According to the Fashion on Climate collaboration if the fashion industry does
not accelerate its response to climate change, it will by 2030 produce around
twice the volume of emissions required to align with Paris Agreement global
warming pathways. Industry produced 4% of global Carbon Emission
The fashion industry produces 1.2 million metric tons of CO2 each year,
according to a MacArthur Foundation study. In 2018, it resulted in more
greenhouse gas emissions than the carbon produced by France, Germany and
the UK all together.
Microfiber release into the environment
Polyester, which is made from fossil fuels, is used for about 65 percent of all
clothing. The production of polyester consumes 70 million barrels of oil each
year. Additional fossil fuels are also utilized in large amounts to produce
packaging and hangers.
When clothes made from synthetics are washed, microplastics from their fibers
are shed into the wastewater. It’s estimated that 35 percent of the microplastics
in the ocean come from the fashion industry. Garments disposed in landfill can
shed microfibers.
A study conducted for Patagonia estimated that for every 100,000 people, up to
110kg of microfibers would be released into local waterways daily, which is
equivalent to the pollution caused by approximately 15,000 plastic bags.
Effective polyester recycling is limited. While some brands use “recycled
polyester” from PET bottles, which emits 50 to 25 percent fewer emissions than
virgin polyester.
Garment waste and effects on Landfills
According to the EPA, the main source of textiles in municipal solid waste (MSW)
for the United States is discarded clothing, although other smaller sources include
furniture, carpets, tires, footwear, and other nondurable goods such as sheets
and towels. EPA estimated that the generation of textiles in 2018 was 17 million
tons. This figure represents 5.8 percent of total MSW generation that year.
Landfills received 11.3 million tons of MSW textiles in 2018. This was 7.7 percent of
all MSW landfilled.
.
According to The Apparel Industry’s Environmental Impact in Six Graphics
document, the average consumer now buys 60% more items of clothing than in
2000, but each garment is kept for half as long as consumers discard items more
quickly. These buying habits contribute to the 39 million tons of post-consumer
textile waste that is generated (at a minimum) worldwide each year – primarily in
the form of garments.
Recycling of Garments
“The current fashion system uses high volumes of non-renewable resources,
including petroleum, extracted to produce clothes that are often used only for a
short period of time, after which the materials are largely lost to landfill or
incineration,” says Chetna Prajapati, who studies ways of making sustainable
textiles at Loughborough University in the UK.
Industry figures suggest modern clothing will have a lifespan of between 2-10
years – with underwear and t-shirts lasting just one to two years, while suits and
coats last for around four to six years.
American throws away 37kg of clothes every year.
The recycling rate for all textiles was 14.7 percent in 2018, with 2.5 million tons
recycled. Within this figure, EPA estimated that the recycling rate for textiles in
clothing and footwear was 13 percent based on information from the American
Textile Recycling Service.
Globally just 12% of the material used for clothing ends up being recycled.
Compare that to paper, glass and plastic PET bottles – which have recycling
rates of 66%, 27% and 29% respectively in the US – and it is clear clothing lags
behind.
Roadblocks to the recycling of Garments
Less than one percent of clothing is recycled to make new clothes.
According to a study conducted by Patagonia most of the recycled polyester
being used now by leading fashion brands in fact comes from bottles rather than
old clothing.
Modern garments blended with multiple types of fabric materials. This makes
them hard to separate so they can be effectively recycled. Sorting textiles into
different fibers and material types by hand is labor intensive, slow and requires a
skilled workforce. Growing use of modern fabric blends in clothing also makes it
hard to do this mechanically too.
Blends are most suitable for mechanical fiber recycling, where fabrics are
shredded and pulled to transform them into fibers of shorter length. The fibers in
clothing are polymers, long chains of chemically linked molecules. Washing and
wearing clothing shorten and weaken these polymers, so by the time a garment
is discarded, the polymers are too short to turn into a strong new fabric. Shorter
fiber length produces fabrics of lower quality and strength, so the results from this
kind of recycling can’t be used for clothing. Instead these tend to then be
“downcycled” to produce other composite fiber materials such as thermal
insulation or carpet for use in the building industry.
Most of today’s textile-to-textile recycling technologies cannot separate out
dyes, contaminants, or even a combination of fabrics such as polyester and
cotton.
Who can act to reduce emissions and waste production?
Brands and Retailers:
Have influence across the value cycle.
Factories, Material producers and other upstream players:
Must be fully involved in and committed to decarbonization programs.
Citizens:
We all need to work to extend the longevity of the clothes we wear. We can do
that by washing less often and at cooler temperatures
Ensuring that we recycle or enable reuse, rather than throwing things away.
Maintain a goal that to be a more sustainable shopper. As data demonstrates,
the fashion industry is one of the most polluting in the world and plays a key role
in accelerating global warming. A 2020 report by the Global Fashion
Agenda found that the fashion industry’s emissions are set to rise to around 2.7
billion tons a year by 2030. That’s an alarming stat, and it can make shopping
and contributing to the cycle feel dreadful.
Tips that can be used by citizens to reduce impact
1. Reacquaint yourself with the garments that you currently own. If you don’t
need anything new for work, school, or life, put your purchases on pause and
take a few weeks or months to repair and restore what you already own, and
rediscover pieces that maybe got shoved to the back of your closet. One
survey found that 20 percent of clothing in the US is never worn; in the UK, it is
50 percent. Online shopping has made impulse buying and returning items
easier.
2. Secondhand is an easy and affordable way to be more sustainable. Reuse is
much greener than recycling, and shopping secondhand is a great way to
afford higher-quality clothes that last longer and have higher resale value,
creating a virtuous circle of sustainability. The global apparel resale
market increased in value from 18 billion U.S. dollars in 2016 to 27 billion
U.S. dollars in 2020. A 2020 survey found that in 2019 seven percent of the
average U.S. consumer’s wardrobe consisted of resale clothing, a
proportion that was expected to rise to 17 percent by 2029.
3. Don’t leave out the human element in your environmental commitments. A
sustainable society takes care of people, animals, and the planet in tandem.
In other words, think beyond buying recycled or organic fibers or brands.
4. Learn how to properly care for the clothes you own. Extend the life of your
garments by learning how to properly care for different fabrics, investing in
tools to care for more delicate textiles like knitwear and silks, and washing
your wardrobe less (in cold water, and air drying whenever possible).
5. Donation and Consignment reuse of clothing. There are several local
resources that can be used to enhance the longevity and thus increasing the
sustainability of your clothing. These resources including both donation and
consignment. A yard sale is another method to pass unwanted clothing onto
other families for use. Local resources include:
Donation
1.) Goodwill of the Great Plains
625 Main Avenue
Phone 605-692-2085
2.) Brookings Domestic Abuse Shelter
807 Onaka Trail
Phone 605-692-7233
3.) Local Places of worship
4.) The Salvation Army of Brookings –
Share the warmth (note, restricted to winter other wear).
Resource site: https://centralusa.salvationarmy.org/brookings/share-
the-warmth/
Consignment
1.) Trendz
307 6th Street
Phone 605-697-7443
2.) Little Rascals Consignment and Studio
2035 Orchard Dr. Suite 5
Phone 605-633-6798
Resources –
1.) WARP - Textiles | WRAP
2.) The Environmental Protection Agency - Textiles: Material-Specific Data | US EPA
3.) British Broadcasting Corporation - Why clothes are so hard to recycle - BBC Future
4.) Global Fashion Agenda - Key Report – Fashion on Climate - Fashion on Climate
(globalfashionagenda.com)
5.) World Resource Institute - The Apparel Industry’s Environmental Impact in 6 Graphics
| World Resources Institute (wri.org)
6.) Vogue - Sustainability Tips: 3 Experts Weigh in on How to Be a Better Shopper |
Vogue
7.) Statista - U.S. apparel and footwear resale market - statistics & facts | Statista
Clothing Sustainability
Overview
Industry studies demonstrate that the textiles sector is a significant contributor to the
global economy, creating millions of livelihoods around the world.
•This presentation provides an overview of the following elements:
•Carbon Emissions associated with the Garment industry
•Microfiber release into the environment
•Garment waste and effects on Landfills
•Recycling of Garments
•Roadblocks to the recycling of Garments
•Who can act to reduce emissions and waste production?
•Tips that can be used by citizens to reduce impact
Data Carbon Emissions
•Fashion industry produces 4% of global
Carbon Emission
•Industry will by 2030 produce around
twice the volume of emissions required to
align with Paris Agreement global
warming pathways
•The fashion industry produces 1.2 million
metric tons of CO2 each year
Environmental Impact
Microfiber Release –
•When clothes made from synthetics are washed, microplastics from their
fibers are shed into the wastewater.
•35 percent of the microplastics in the ocean come from the fashion
industry. Garments disposed in landfill can shed microfibers.
•Studies estimate that for every 100,000 people, up to 110kg of microfibers
would be released into local waterways daily, which is equivalent to the
pollution caused by approximately 15,000 plastic bags.
Polyester, is made from fossil fuels -
•About 65 percent of all clothing contains polyester.
•The production of polyester consumes 70 million barrels of oil each year.
Additional fossil fuel inputs include production of packaging and hangers.
Landfills
Main source of textiles in municipal solid
waste (MSW) for the United States is
discarded clothing, although other
smaller sources include furniture,
carpets, tires, footwear, and other
nondurable goods such as sheets and
towels.
Landfills received 11.3 million tons of
MSW textiles in 2018. This was 7.7
percent of all MSW landfilled.
Challenges
The current fashion system uses high volumes of non-renewable resources,
including petroleum.
Average consumer now buys 60% more items of clothing than in 2000, but
each garment is kept for half as long
Buying habits contribute to the 39 million tons of post-consumer textile waste
that is generated (at a minimum) worldwide each year –primarily in the form
of garments.
Lifespan is between 2-10 years –with underwear and t-shirts lasting just one
to two years, while suits and coats last for around four to six years
Challenges
In the United States the recycling rate for all textiles was
14.7 percent in 2018, with 2.5 million tons recycled.
Compare that to paper, glass and plastic PET bottles –
which have recycling rates of 66%, 27% and 29%
respectively in the US –and it is clear clothing lags
behind.
Roadblocks
Less than one percent of clothing is recycled to make new clothes
Modern garments are blended with multiple types of fabric materials.
•This makes them hard to separate so they can be effectively recycled.
•Sorting textiles into different fibers and material types by hand is labor
intensive, slow and requires a skilled workforce.
•Mechanical fiber recycling shortens the fiber length thus producing lower
quality and strength fibers. The fibers are often “downcycled” to produce
other composite fiber materials
•Most of today’s textile-to-textile recycling technologies cannot separate out
dyes, contaminants, or even a combination of fabrics such as polyester
and cotton.
Opportunities to Reduce
Brands and Retailers:
Have influence across the value cycle.
Factories, Material producers and other upstream players:
Must be fully involved in and committed to decarbonization programs.
Opportunities to Reduce
Citizens:
1.Reacquaint yourself with the garments that you currently own. One survey found that
20 percent of clothing in the US is never worn
2.Secondhand is an easy and affordable way to be more sustainable. Reuse is much
greener than recycling, and shopping secondhand is a great way to afford higher -quality
clothes that last longer and have higher resale value, creating a virtuous circle of
sustainability.
3.Don’t leave out the human element in your environmental commitments. A
sustainable society takes care of people, animals, and the planet in tandem.
4.Learn how to properly care for the clothes you own.Extend the life of your garments
by learning how to properly care for different fabrics
5.Donation and Consignment reuse of clothing. There are several local resources that
can be used to enhance the longevity and thus increasing the sustainability of your
clothing.
Local Options
There are several options around the community that will take clothing donations:
Goodwill of the Great Plains
Brookings Domestic Abuse Shelter
Local Places of worship
The Salvation Army of Brookings –
Share the warmth
Questions
City of Brookings
Staff Report
Brookings City & County
Government Center, 520
Third Street
Brookings, SD 57006
(605) 692-6281 phone
(605) 692-6907 fax
File #:ID 22-0223,Version:1
Presentation: City of Brookings 2022 Capital Improvements Project.
Summary:
The City has developed a list of Capital Improvement Projects for 2022. This list is a compilation of
funded projects planned by the Engineering Division and the Parks Department for this year. The
City will provide this information to City Council and to the public on the City’s website with a
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) storybook
<https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/879b1c10ccfe4ddba8ee88f08046e235>.
Attachments:
Memo
2022 CIP List
City of Brookings Printed on 5/12/2022Page 1 of 1
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City Council Agenda Memo
From: Charlie Richter, City Engineer
Council Meeting: May 17, 2022
Subject: Presentation: 2022 CIP
Person(s) Responsible: Charlie Richter, City Engineer
Summary:
The City has developed a Capital Improvements Plan (CIP) for 2022 that incorporates
projects planned by the Engineering Division and Parks Department. The presentation
will provide City Council and the public with information on these projects.
Background:
The Engineering Division and Parks Department have been working together along with
Brookings Municipal Utilities to plan and coordinate projects that address City needs.
This process can take several years of planning and coordination before construction
can begin.
Item Details:
The City developed a GIS driven web page (storybook) that identifies the numerous
capital projects throughout the City. This web page can be found at
https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/879b1c10ccfe4ddba8ee88f08046e235.
Strategic Plan Consideration:
Service and Innovation Excellence– This storybook will provide residents with
information on all proposed capital projects throughout the city. A link to the storybook
website will be placed on the City’s website for residents to review.
Financial Consideration:
This storybook web page will inform residents what projects are planned along with cost
for those projects.
Supporting Documentation:
2022 CIP List
2022 Capital Improvements Project
1. 15th Street and 7th Ave- connection of 15th Street South and 7th Ave, includes water main,
storm sewer, curb & gutter, ramps, detention basin, roadway and sidewalk
2. 20th Street South Interchange- installation of new interchange for I-29
3. 2022 Overlay Project- resurface seven (7) streets, ramps, bike network improvements, curb
& gutter repairs, and sidewalk
4. 8th Street South and Main Ave Intersection Project- replacement of asphalt surface with
concrete, water main, new video detection system, pedestrian push button pedestals,
sidewalk, and ramps
5. Chip Seal Project- chip sealing of 45 streets, line striping on those streets
6. Harvey Dunn(1st Ave to Main Ave)- new storm sewer, sidewalk ramps
7. Sexauer Dog Park – Installation of dog park.
8. McClemons Park- Replace playground equipment
9. Edgebrook Golf Course – Cart path construction and parking lot LED light upgrade
10. Southbrook Softball Complex – Fencing replacement and sidewalk addition
11. Dakota Nature Park- Discovery trail completion
12. Fishback Soccer Complex – Press box leveling
13. Prairie Hills Bike Trail Extension- Bike trail extension in Prairie Hills
City of Brookings
Staff Report
Brookings City & County
Government Center, 520
Third Street
Brookings, SD 57006
(605) 692-6281 phone
(605) 692-6907 fax
File #:ID 22-0222,Version:1
Presentation: Proposed Special Assessment Policy.
Summary:
The City has drafted a Special Assessment Policy to be applied to all special assessments. The
State of South Dakota clearly defines the procedure on how to establish a special assessment, but
leaves cities to determine the financial terms for those assessments. This policy will define the
financial terms of the assessment, including the number of years an assessment can be paid over,
interest rate, and the minimum assessment which can be paid in installments.
Attachments:
Memo
Draft Policy
City of Brookings Printed on 5/12/2022Page 1 of 1
powered by Legistar™
City Council Agenda Memo
From: Charlie Richter, City Engineer
Council Meeting: May 17, 2022
Subject: Presentation: Proposed Special Assessment Policy
Person(s) Responsible: Charlie Richter, City Engineer
Summary:
The proposed special assessment policy will address financial terms for all special
assessments that are not addressed by state statute.
Background:
South Dakota state statute details the procedure on how to establish a special
assessment but leaves cities to determine the financial terms for those assessments.
Historically the city charged 10% for utilizing the municipal financing of assessed
projects. The City would like to define those terms for projects moving fo rward.
Item Details:
The financial terms for assessments defined in the policy are:
Term of financing shall depend on the type of project being assessed
i. Sidewalks and Alleys: 5 Years
ii. Roadways and Utility Work: 10 years
Annual interest rate charged shall be calculated by the following formula
= Mortgage Bankers Association 15 year Fixed Rate (%) + 3.5%
Any assessment under $1,000 would be assessed in one payment.
The term of financing is consistent with what has been used for similar projects in the
past. The typical interest rate used in the past has been 10%, but it was never linked to
a standard. Linking the interest rate to a well-known standard promotes consistency and
equity while considering market conditions. For some past assessments, the minimum
dollar threshold for financing over multiple yearly installments has been $300. This has
been the threshold used for sidewalk assessments for many years and it was
determined that increasing the amount at this time was appropriate.
These terms will be included in the Resolution of Necessity to inform residen ts of what
is being proposed.
Legal Consideration:
State statute allows cities to set the financial terms for special assessments on a case
by case scenario or by policy.
Strategic Plan Consideration:
Fiscal Responsibility – This policy will provide financial transparency to residents being
assessed for Special Assessment projects.
Financial Consideration:
The City will finance these projects consistent with terms that have been used for past
Resolution of Necessities with a revised interest rate that is linked to a well-known
interest rate standard.
Recommendation:
Staff recommends moving forward with a resolution for the policy at the next City
Council meeting.
Supporting Documentation:
Draft Policy
1 | P a g e
City of Brookings
Policy:
Title:
Special Assessment Policy – Collection of
Assessments
Issue Date:
Updated:
May 3, 2022
Section:
Policy Source:
City Manager’s Office
Policy Audience:
City Council, Staff and public
Total Pages:
2
I. PURPOSE
To establish a written policy for setting the financing terms in the resolution of necessity
and for collecting special assessments.
II. POLICY
The City recognizes the need to have a consistent policy for establishing the financing
terms in the resolution of necessity and in the collection of special assessments. This
policy outlines the City’s financial terms for special assessment projects.
III. DEFINITIONS
A. Resolution of Necessity: As defined by SDCL 9-43-82, is a resolution approved by
City Council deeming it necessary that a local improvement be financed by a
special assessment.
B. SDCL: South Dakota Codified Laws.
C. Mortgage Bankers Association 15 year Fixed Rate: The 15 year fixed mortgage
rate for residential single-family homes as calculated by the Mortgage Bankers
Association(MBA.org). The rate will be determined two weeks prior to the
Resolution of Necessity is heard at City Council.
D. Special Assessment: A financing instrument that allows payment for
improvements by those who benefit.
IV. ADMINISTRATION
A. The City shall follow SDCL 9-43-75 through 9-43-101, and SDCL 9-46-1 through 9-
46-11 when determining a project for special assessment.
B. The proposed Resolution of Necessity shall also include whether the special
assessments are payable under Plan One (Collection by the County Finance
Office) or under Plan Two (Collection by the City’s Finance Office). In addition,
the proposed Resolution of Necessity shall also include the number of annual
2 | P a g e
installments and interest rate payable on the unpaid balance of special
assessments.
C. Once a project has been completed after a Resolution of Necessity has been
approved by the City Council, the project shall be assessed in accordance to SDCL
9-43-102 through 9-43-139.
D. If the City chooses to assess under Plan One-Collection by County Treasurer
specified in SDCL 9-43-102, the following financing terms shall apply if the
assessment is not paid in full within 30 days of the assessment roll adopted by
City Council:
a. Term of the financing shall depend on the type of project being assessed:
i. Sidewalks and Alleys: 5 Years
ii. Roadways and Utility Work: 10 years
b. Annual interest rate charged shall be calculated by the following formula
= Mortgage Bankers Association 15 year Fixed Rate (%) + 3.5%
c. Any assessment under $1,000 would be assessed in one payment.
Approved:
_____________________________________ _ __________
Paul Briseno, City Manager Date
City of Brookings
Staff Report
Brookings City & County
Government Center, 520
Third Street
Brookings, SD 57006
(605) 692-6281 phone
(605) 692-6907 fax
File #:ID 22-0221,Version:1
Discussion on American Rescue Plan Act Funding.
Summary:
The City of Brookings American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) funding allocation is $4.4 million. The City
completed multiple surveys for key community stakeholders, residents, and business owners to
identify community needs and funding opportunities.
Recommendation:
This is a presentation to City Council for informational purposes and discussion.
Attachments:
Memo
Presentation
Baker Tilly Survey - Targeted Community Stakeholders
Polco Survey - Residents
Polco Survey - Businesses
City of Brookings Printed on 5/12/2022Page 1 of 1
powered by Legistar™
City Council Agenda Memo
From: Jacob Meshke, Assistant City Manager
Council Meeting: May 17, 2022
Subject: ARPA Funding
Presenter: Jacob Meshke, Assistant City Manager
Erick Rangel, Chief Financial Officer
Paul Briseno, City Manager
Summary:
The City of Brookings’ American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA) funding allocation is $4.4
million. The City completed multiple surveys for key community stakeholders, residents,
and business owners to identify community needs and funding opportunities.
Background:
The ARPA legislation allocated a total of $1.9 trillion in response to COVID -19. Of the
$1.9 trillion, $350 billion was provided to states and Washington D.C., tribal
governments, and local units of government. The City of Brookings’ allocation from the
ARPA legislation is $4.4 million. The City received the first deposit of $2.2 million in
September 2021 and will receive the second deposit in September 2022.
To better understand the needs of the community, the City engaged Baker Tilly and
Polco to conduct surveys of targeted community stakeholders, business owners, and
residents.
Item Details:
The item provides a high-level overview of the key needs of the community as identified
by targeted community stakeholders, business owners and residents.
Polco administered two (2) surveys on behalf of the City – a survey to residents and
business owners. Three hundred ten (310) responses were received from residents,
and 37 responses were received from business owners. The top funding priorities for
residents were: behavioral healthcare, housing, and healthy childhood environments.
The top funding priorities for businesses were: behavioral healthcare, healthy childhood
environments, and economic aid to households for housing, food , or other financial
hardships.
The Baker Tilly survey was targeted to key community stakeholders to include non -
profits, economic development, and City partners. Fifteen (15) stakeholders responded
and indicated funding priorities of child care, storm water, affordable housing, mental
health, cybersecurity, and broadband.
Legal Consideration:
Funds will be utilized in accordance with legislative requirements and guidance.
Strategic Plan Consideration:
Fiscal Responsibility – ARPA funds will be utilized in a manner determined to best
benefit and meet the needs of the community.
Financial Consideration:
The City of Brookings’ American Rescue Plan Act funding allocation is $4.4 millio n.
Options and Recommendation:
This is a presentation to City Council for informational purposes and discussion.
Supporting Documentation:
Presentation
Baker Tilly Survey – Targeted Community Stakeholders
Polco Survey – Residents
Polco Survey – Businesses
American Rescue Plan Act
Survey Results
POLCO
•310 Resident Surveys Completed
•37 Business Surveys Completed
•Resident Funding Priorities
•Behavioral Healthcare (74%)
•Housing (64%)
•Healthy Childhood Environments (63%)
•Business Funding Priorities
•Behavioral Healthcare (75%)
•Healthy Childhood Environments (72%)
•Economic Aid to Households for Housing,
Food, or Other Financial Hardships (66%)
Baker Tilly
•15 Participants
•Targeted Community Stakeholders
•Non-Profits, Economic Development and City Partners Participated
•Each participant provided $1 million to allocate
•Funding Priorities
•Child Care (6 Selected; Average Allocation: $160,000)
•Storm Water (6 Selected; Average Allocation: $132,667)
•Affordable Housing (6 Selected; Average Allocation: $101,667)
•Mental Health –Mental Health Treatment (5 Selected; Average Allocation: $38,333)
•Mental Health –Services or Outreach to Promote Access (4 Selected; Average Allocation: $44,000)
•Cybersecurity (4 Selected; Average Allocation: $74,000)
•Broadband (4 Selected; Average Allocation: $31,667)
City of Brookings, South Dakota
Fiscal Recovery Funding Priorities
0403
Introduction
This report was generated with input from a select group
of community stakeholders and offers insight into what
they believe are the community’s biggest needs and how
they believe the community should spend its allocation
from the American Rescue Plan’s (ARP’s) State and Local
Fiscal Recovery Fund (FRF). While the information herein
includes many examples of allowable uses of FRF, it is a
non-exhaustive list and is intended to be a starting point
for strategizing about how to best and most effectively
use your allocation.
This report contains:
–A summary of the ARP and FRF
–A brief summary of your community as it relates to
FRF
–A broad introduction of the four eligible expenditure
areas of FRF
–The results of a survey taken by the select group
of individuals, including identification of your
community’s funding priorities
–A summary of other funding provisions within the ARP
Within the ARP, there was an historic
allocation of $350 billion to the State and
Local Fiscal Recovery Fund (FRF) which
will result in stimulus payments to states
and Washington DC, tribal governments,
and local units of government. Generally,
these funds need to be used to respond
to the COVID-19 public health emergency;
specific use categories will be discussed
shortly. While this is not the only pot of
money that will go to public sector entities,
it is among the more flexible.
FRF will be released in two tranches—the
first in spring/summer 2021 and the second
a year later—and will be distributed directly
from the Treasury except in the case of
Nonentitlement Units of Local Government
(NEUs), which will receive funds through
their states. Costs must be incurred by
December 31, 2024 and projects must be
completed by December 31, 2026.
Because of this extended and recovery-
oriented time frame, FRF recipients can
take the time to strategize in how to best
use their FRF allocation in addition to other
available ARP funds, and Baker Tilly can
help formulate the best possible plan.
About the ARP and FRF
Signed into law on March 11, 2021, the American Rescue Plan (ARP) is a comprehensive
bill intended to revive the United States economy as it recovers from the effects of the
COVID-19 global pandemic and public health emergency. In total, the bill allocates $1.9
trillion and was the basis for the most recent round of stimulus checks to individuals as
well as assistance to governments and other public sector entities, renters, homeowners,
small businesses, and employers of all sizes, among others.
$169 billion
Allocated based on states’ share of
unemployed workers from Oct-Dec 2020
$25.5 billion
Equally divided, each state receives
a minimum of $500M
(Note: $0.8 billion in administrative costs)$350 billion
of non-competitive
funding for states,
counties, cities,
Tribes and territories
$4.5 billion
to U.S. territories
$65.1 billion
Counties
$45.6 billion
Metro cities
$19.5 billion
Local government entities or nonentitlement communities
with less than 50,000 people
$195.3 billion
to states and Washington, D.C.
$130.2 billion
to local governments
$20 billion
to Tribal governments
State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds (FRF)
Citizen Participant
7
46.67%
Staff
8
53.33%
Role
Yes
8
53.333%
No
7
46.667%
Department, council or
committee leader?
Zoning and Building Inspections
1
6.67%
Parks, Recreation, Forestry &
Culture
1
Other
4
26.67%
Licensing,
Health, and
Wellness
2
13.33%
Community and Economic Development
5
33.33%
Administration,
Department or committee area
Community specifics
Participants
$1.0M
City of Brookings, South Dakota's FRF allocation
amount
Because the Revenue Loss spending category is the most flexible, the amount of the FRF that may be
allocated here is limited. The calculation considers base year (pre-COVID-19) revenue, actual general
revenue during COVID-19, and growth that would have occurred but for the pandemic.
Revenue loss calculation
City of Brookings, South Dakota may allocate up to approximately
$1.0M in the Revenue Loss eligible expenditure category
Communities with one or more Qualified Census Tracts (QCTs) are
offered a streamlined way to spend all or part of their FRF allocation to
assist low-income families and communities of color that have been
disproportionately impacted by the pandemic. According to the Interim
Final Rule (IFR), Treasury will presume that certain types of services are
eligible uses when provided in a QCT, to families living in a QCT, or
when provided by Tribal governments. Such services aim to address
health disparities; invest in housing and neighborhoods, including
developing affordable housing; address educational disparities; and
promote healthy childhood environments, including by investing in
childcare.
It should be noted that, according to the IFR, these are still eligible uses
of FRF outside of QCTs or Tribal governments, but the FRF recipient
must be prepared to justify their determination that COVID-19 resulted in
disproportionate public health or economic outcomes to those served.
Qualified census tracts
City of Brookings,
South Dakota
has2
QCTs
There is at least one QCT in your community. If you would like to see
where they are geographically located, please click the link below,
search for your state and county in the upper right, then choose both
“Color QCT Qualified Tracts,” which identifies QCTs, and “Show
Tracts Outline,” which ensures that QCTs are distinguished from their
neighbors and do not appear to be one.
https://www.huduser.gov/portal/sadda/sadda_qct.html%20
Summary of Eligible Expenditure Categories of FRF
Revenue loss
Government service provision
This expenditure is, by far, the broadest
in that it allows FRF recipients to
use their allocations, up to a certain
amount, to continue the provision of
government services, whether or not
they are directly related to COVID-19.
Broadband, sewer, & water
infrastructure
Water and sewer
FRF may be used to make
improvements to water and sewer
infrastructure in alignment with the
Environmental Protection Agency’s
Clean Water State Revolving Fund
(CWSRF) or Drinking Water State
Revolving Fund (DWSRF).
Broadband
The COVID-19 pandemic and
resulting stay-at-home orders placed
a spotlight on broadband
infrastructure – or lack thereof — in
the United States. As such, FRF may
be used for investments in
broadband infrastructure to improve
speed and expand service areas.
Regional collaboration
While this is not an FRF category, it is an
option available to FRF recipients.
FRF recipients have the option to
transfer all or part of their allocation
to a constituent unit of government,
such as to their state or a special
use district. Transferred funds must
still fall into one of the four eligible
use categories above and the initial
recipient remains responsible for
ensuring that the funds are used
in appropriate ways. We especially
recommend speaking with Baker
Tilly if this is an option that you are
considering.
Summary of Eligible Expenditure Categories of FRF
Public health and economic impacts
Responding to COVID-19
This sub-category includes obvious responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as
creating vaccination opportunities, COVID-19 testing, and purchasing of PPE, as well
as providing medical care for immediate and long-term effects of COVID-19, but also
includes some less obvious uses. For example, it allows FRF to be used to support
behavioral and mental health issues, including substance misuse, which arose or
were worsened due to the pandemic; public health and safety staff; and expenses to
improve the design and execution of health and public health programs.
Responding to negative economic impacts
This sub-category acknowledges that the COVID-19 pandemic had disproportionate
negative effects on certain groups of people, such as essential workers, who
disproportionately earn a low-income. Thus, it allows FRF to be used for direct
cash or in-kind assistance to households, workers and unemployed workers, small
businesses and nonprofits, and heavily impacted industries such as hospitality and
tourism, as well as returning state unemployment insurance trust funds to pre-
pandemic levels.
Serving the hardest-hit communities and families
This sub-category also acknowledges the disproportionate negative effects of
COVID-19 on low-income groups, but in ways that are not directly economic-related.
Thus, it allows FRF to be used to address disparities in public health outcomes,
invest in housing and neighborhoods to strengthen communities, address
educational disparities, and promote healthy childhood environments, which can
include investments in childcare.
Premium pay
Premium pay to public sector
Employees
This expenditure allows public sector entities
to provide premium pay, both retroactively
and moving forward, to essential workers,
recognizing that those who perform
essential work, and thus are often at greater
risk during the COVID-19 pandemic due
to their interactions with the public, are
disproportionately lower-income.
Grants to third-party employers
with eligible workers
This expenditure allows FRF recipients to
offer grants to third-party employers so they
can provide premium pay, both retroactively
and moving forward, to essential workers.
This recognizes that those who perform
essential work, and thus are often at greater
risk during the COVID-19 pandemic due
to their interactions with the public, are
disproportionately lower-income.
Community
Support
Water & Sewer Public Health
& Safety
Behavioral
Health Care
Broadband
Infrastructure
Economic
Relief
Programs
Unemployment
Assistance
Household
Assistance
Medical Care Addressing
General
Revenue Loss
Supporting
Essential
Workers
Small
Business and
Non-Profit
Assistance
$0
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
$250,000
$300,000
$350,000
Spending1 Person
1 Person
6 People
8 People
2 People
8 People
6 People 7 People
3 People
3 People 2 People 2 People
Average Allocation by Sub-Category
0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%50%55%60%65%70%75%80%85%90%95%100%
% of Total Amount
Average Allocation by Category
Results
Revenue LossPublic Health and Economic ImpactsPremium PayBroadband, Sewer, & Water Infrastructure
Expenditure Group Expenditure
Average Allocation
(Overall)
Average Allocation
(When Used)
Number of
Times Used
Water & Sewer Stormwater $132,667 $331,667 6
Energy Efficiency $12,333 $61,667 3
Construction of Publicly Owned Treatment Works $10,000 $75,000 2
Pollution Management $3,333 $50,000 1
National Estuary Program Projects $1,667 $25,000 1
Water Reuse $1,000 $15,000 1
Transmission and Distribution $667 $10,000 1
Treatment $667 $10,000 1
Water Conservation, Efficiency, and Reuse $667 $10,000 1
Broadband Infrastructure Cybersecurity $74,000 $277,500 4
Investments in Broadband $31,667 $118,750 4
Internet Access or Digital Literacy Assistance to Households $18,000 $67,500 4
This category addresses shortcomings in certain types of infrastructure. For example, FRF can be used to address the lack of access to and lack of
infrastructure supporting high speed internet in the United States that was brought to the forefront during COVID-19. It also supports water and sewer
infrastructure by allowing FRF to be used for projects that align with the Clean Water State Revolving Fund (CWSRF) and the Drinking Water State
Revolving Fund (DWSRF).
Revenue LossPublic Health and Economic
ImpactsPremium PayBroadband, Sewer, & Water
Infrastructure
This category addresses the increased risk placed onto public, private, and nonprofit essential workers, or those who work in-person or who regularly
handle objects handled by others, by allowing FRF to be used for premium pay.
Expenditure Group Expenditure
Average Allocation
(Overall)
Average Allocation
(When Used)
Number of
Times Used
Supporting Essential Workers Grants to Third Party Employers with Eligible Workers $6,667 $100,000 1
Premium Pay to Eligible Public Sector Employees $1,000 $7,500 2
Revenue LossPublic Health and Economic
Impacts
Broadband, Sewer, & Water
Infrastructure Premium Pay
This category broadly addresses the negative public health and economic impacts of COVID-19. For example, FRF may be used in accordance with this
category for ongoing COVID-19 treatment and prevention; behavioral health care to support mental health; utility, rent, and mortgage assistance to
households; assistance to businesses, nonprofits, and employees; and to mitigate disparities that allowed the pandemic to negatively impact certain
groups more than others.
Expenditure Group Expenditure
Average Allocation
(Overall)
Average Allocation
(When Used)
Number of
Times Used
Community Support New or Expanded High-Quality Childcare $160,000 $400,000 6
Affordable Housing Development $101,667 $254,167 6
Evidence-Based Educational Services and Practices to Address the Acade..$18,333 $91,667 3
Evidence-Based Practices to Address The Social, Emotional, and Mental He..$15,000 $75,000 3
Providing Assistance to High-Poverty School Districts $5,333 $26,667 3
New, Expanded, or Enhanced Early Learning Services $4,000 $30,000 2
Funding Public Benefits Navigators (*)$2,000 $15,000 2
Evidence-Based Community Violence Intervention Programs (*)$1,000 $7,500 2
Services to Address Homelessness $667 $10,000 1
Enhanced Services for Child Welfare-Involved Families and Foster Youth $333 $5,000 1
Home Visiting Programs $333 $5,000 1
Housing Services (*)$333 $5,000 1
Housing Vouchers, Residential Counseling, or Housing Navigation Assista..$333 $5,000 1
Public Health & Safety Capital Investments for Adaptations to Public Buildings $73,667 $368,333 3
Ventilation Improvements $32,333 $161,667 3
Capital Investments in Public Facilities to Meet Pandemic Operational Nee..$24,000 $120,000 3
Support For Prevention, Mitigation, or Other Services in Congregate Living..$6,667 $100,000 1
Public Communication Efforts $6,333 $47,500 2
Payroll and Covered Benefits Expenses $333 $5,000 1
Supports for Vulnerable Populations to Access Medical or Public Health Se..$333 $5,000 1
Small Business and Non-Profit
Assistance
Loans or Grants to Mitigate Financial Hardship $3,333 $50,000 1
Business Planning Needs $333 $5,000 1
Revenue LossPremium PayBroadband, Sewer, & Water
Infrastructure
Public Health and Economic
Impacts
Expenditure Group Expenditure
Average Allocation
(Overall)
Average Allocation
(When Used)
Number of
Times Used
Behavioral Health Care Services or Outreach to Promote Access $44,000 $165,000 4
Mental Health Treatment $38,333 $115,000 5
Substance Misuse Treatment $21,333 $106,667 3
Overdose Prevention $17,333 $86,667 3
Crisis Intervention $11,667 $58,333 3
Other Behavioral Health Services $3,333 $50,000 1
Hotlines or Warmlines $667 $10,000 1
Infectious Disease Prevention $333 $5,000 1
Economic Relief Programs Aid for a Planned Expansion or Upgrade of Tourism, Travel, and Hospitality..$40,000 $300,000 2
Payroll, Covered Benefits, And Other Costs Associated With Rehiring Publi..$13,667 $102,500 2
Improve Efficacy of Programs Addressing Negative Economic Impacts $1,667 $25,000 1
Unemployment Assistance Job Training to Accelerate Rehiring of Unemployed Workers $20,000 $300,000 1
Household Assistance Food Assistance $5,000 $37,500 2
Job Training $5,000 $37,500 2
Emergency Assistance for Burials, Home Repairs, Weatherization, or Othe..$3,333 $50,000 1
Cash Assistance $1,667 $25,000 1
Internet Access or Digital Literacy Assistance $1,667 $25,000 1
Counseling and Legal Aid to Prevent Eviction or Homelessness $333 $5,000 1
Medical Care Medical Care $7,333 $55,000 2
Testing $3,333 $50,000 1
Vaccination Programs $333 $5,000 1
This category broadly addresses the negative public health and economic impacts of COVID-19. For example, FRF may be used in accordance with this
category for ongoing COVID-19 treatment and prevention; behavioral health care to support mental health; utility, rent, and mortgage assistance to
households; assistance to businesses, nonprofits, and employees; and to mitigate disparities that allowed the pandemic to negatively impact certain
groups more than others.
Revenue LossPremium PayBroadband, Sewer, & Water
Infrastructure
Public Health and Economic
Impacts
Expenditure Group Expenditure
Average Allocation
(Overall)
Average Allocation
(When Used)
Number of
Times Used
Addressing General Revenue Loss Payments to Avoid Cutting Government Services $4,333 $32,500 2
Provision of Government Services $4,333 $32,500 2
This category addresses reductions in government revenue and the resulting difficulties in providing services. It is the most flexible category, but is also
limited based on 2020 revenues.
Public Health and Economic
ImpactsPremium PayBroadband, Sewer, & Water
Infrastructure Revenue Loss
Eligible Use
Category Expenditure Group Expenditure Regional Collaborator Amount Percent Collaboration Collaborator Amount
Broadband,
Sewer, & Water
Infrastructure
Water & Sewer Stormwater SDSU
Public Health and
Economic
Impacts
Behavioral Health
Care Mental Health Treatment Brookings County
$75,0000500,000
$25,000150,000
Regional Collaborators
Other funding provisions
Schools
$164 billion
The biggest chunk of Title II in the ARP is
the $164 billion dedicated to schools. Of
that total, $122 billion is earmarked for the
U.S. Department of Education (USDOE) to
aid elementary and secondary schools.
More specifically, that money is intended
to fund a variety of programs focused
on supporting transition to full in-person
instruction, learning loss and student/staff
academic support programs, educational
technology preparation, and air equipment
quality enhancements. Additionally,
approximately $40 billion is being allocated
for the USDOE to fund assistance to
institutions of higher education (IHE)
with 91% of that being direct grants to
public and private not-for-profit IHE and
postsecondary vocational institutions.
Transportation/infrastructure
$98 billion
There are three sections of the ARP
that designate money to be spent
on transportation and infrastructure.
According to Title IV, the Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
will receive nearly $51 billion in funding to
support local communities in responding
to disasters and emergencies. Almost
all of that money is intended to carry out
the purposes of the Disaster Relief Fund
for costs associated with major disaster
declarations. Additionally, $30 billion in
the bill is destined for the Federal Transit
Administration, highlighted by $26 billion
for Urbanized Area Formula Grants. And
finally, an additional $16 billion will go to
railroads, airports and airlines.
In addition to FRF, the ARP allocates
approximately $483 billion to entities
and activities that overlap with FRF,
such as public health and small
business assistance, among others.
Please peruse the other provisions of
the ARP below and know that Baker
Tilly can assist you in strategizing for
receiving and using FRF in conjunction
with any of these provisions.
Other funding provisions
Housing
$42 billion
Title III of the ARP appropriates
emergency funding to assist with
mitigating housing-related hardships
of those that have been negatively
impacted by the pandemic. Just
over half of that is Emergency Rental
Assistance, while nearly $10 billion
is earmarked for the Homeowner
Assistance Fund and an additional $5
billion is for homelessness assistance
and supportive services programs.
Small business
Approximately $10 billion remaining
ARP allocated $10 billion to the State Small
Business Credit Initiative, a program that funds
state-administered small business lending
platforms. States can use these funds to establish
loan guarantee programs, loan participation
programs, venture capital funds, or other small
business lending tools. The Department of Treasury
anticipates creating an application process that
states and tribal governments will need to respond
to in order to be allocated funding. That application
process is expected to begin in the fall of 2021 with
allocations by the end of the year.
The ARP also included several targeted programs
that provided direct assistance to small businesses
impacted by the pandemic, such as adding funding
to the Paycheck Protection Program, funding for
restaurants, and funding for entertainment venues.
These programs were deployed quickly and most of
this funding has been allocated.
Public health
$88 billion
Just over half of the $88 billion is
for activities to detect, diagnose,
trace, and monitor SARS-CoV-2 and
COVID-19 infections and related
strategies to mitigate the spread of
COVID-19. The Secretary of Health and
Human Services will award grants to
or enter into cooperative agreements
or contracts with state, local, and
territorial public health departments.
Additionally, $8.5 billion is for
activities to plan, prepare for, promote,
distribute, administer, monitor and
track COVID-19 vaccines. And finally,
$250 million will go to extended care
facilities for veterans.
Other funding provisions
Coronavirus Capital
Project Funds
$10 billion
There will be $10 billion available for states,
territories, and tribal governments to carry out
critical capital projects specifically related to
enabling work, education, and health monitoring,
including remote options, in response to
COVID-19. Each of the 50 states, the District
of Columbia and Puerto Rico would receive
a minimum allocation of $100 million; another
$100 million is divided among other U.S.
territories and another $100 million is designated
for tribal governments and Native Hawaiian use.
States would receive an additional allocation
with the remaining funds based on population
(50%), number of individuals living in rural areas
as a percentage of the U.S. rural population
(25%), and proportion of the state’s population of
households living in poverty (25%).
Emergency
Connectivity Fund
$7 billion
This portion of the bill includes $7 billion
for support under the covered regulations
for an eligible school or library for the
purchases during a COVID-19 emergency
period of eligible equipment or advanced
telecommunications and information
services, or both.
Other funding provisions
Energy and water
$5 billion
Subtitle K of the ARP offers
additional funding to states and tribal
governments from the Secretary
of Health and Human Services by
appropriating an additional $4.5
billion for those organizations to make
payments to low-income households
under the Low-Income Home Energy
Assistance Program of 1981. An
additional $500 million will be available
for the Low-Income Household Drinking
Water and Wastewater Emergency
Assistance Program created under the
fiscal year 2021 Omnibus.
Economic development
$3 billion
In addition to business assistance allowed under FRF and
ARP, the ARP legislation allocated $3 billion to the EDA. There
are six Notices of Funding Opportunities (NOFOs) to which
district organizations, governments, Tribal governments,
universities, and non-profits may apply. In order from the
most funding to the least, they are: the Build Back Better
Regional Challenge ($1 billion); the Travel, Tourism & Outdoor
Recreation program ($750 million); the Good Jobs Challenge
($500 million); the Economic Adjustment Assistance program
($500 million); the Indigenous Communities program ($100
million); and the Statewide Planning, Research & Networks
program ($90 million). For most of these programs, EDA
recommends submitting an application as soon as possible;
for the Build Back Better Regional Challenge, the required first
application was due on October 19, 2021. If your community
has not done so already, it should identify economic
development projects that may be a good fit for these
programs. EDA’s regional offices include staff representatives
for each state who can answer questions and provide
additional information.
Next Steps
Congratulations! You’ve taken a great first step toward optimal and
strategic use of your historic ARP and, specifically, FRF allocation and we
commend you for doing so.
Now that you have a list of priorities assembled by community leaders, we
recommend that you spend some time discussing these priorities and how
these example expenditures would impact your community.
From there, we recommend that you develop a spending plan. Our talented
Baker Tilly staff would be more than happy to assist you in this endeavor,
especially when it comes to strategizing about how to make the most of
FRF and other available ARP funds. When the time comes, we can also
assist you with compliance and reporting requirements. Baker Tilly is here
to help at every step along the way.
Appendix
Eligible Expenditure Detail
Eligible Use Expenditure Group Expenditure
Premium Pay Supporting Essential
Workers
Grants to Third Party
Employers with Eligible
Workers
Premium Pay to Eligible
Public Sector
Employees
Revenue Loss Addressing General
Revenue Loss
Payments to Avoid
Cutting Government
Services
Provision of
Government Services
Premium pay for public sector essential workers. Essential workers are considered to be those with reguar in-person interactions
or regular physical handling of items that were also handled by others. Examples include, but are not limited to: staff at nursing
homes, hospitals, and home care settings; workers at farms, food production facilities, grocery stores, and restaurants; janitors
and sanitation workers; truck drivers, transit staff, and warehouse workers; public health and safety staff; childcare workers,
educators, and other school staff; and social service and human services staff.
Grants to third party employers to use for premium pay for essential workers. Essential workers are considered to be those with
reguar in-person interactions or regular physical handling of items that were also handled by others. Examples include, but are
not limited to: staff at nursing homes, hospitals, and home care settings; workers at farms, food production facilities, grocery
stores, and restaurants; janitors and sanitation workers; truck drivers, transit staff, and warehouse workers; public health and
safety staff; childcare workers, educators, and other school staff; and social service and human services staff.
Provision of government services to the extent of the reduction in revenue experienced due to the COVID-19 public health
emergency. Government services can include, but are not limited to, maintenance or pay-go funded building of infrastructure,
including roads; modernization of cybersecurity, including hardware, software, and protection of critical infrastructure; health
services; environmental remediation; school or educational services; and the provision of police, fire, and other public safety
services
Payments to avoid cutting government services, including government employees to help prevent broader economic downturns
Expenditure Guidance-Premium Pay & Revenue Loss
Eligible Use Expenditure Group Expenditure
Broadband, Sewer,
& Water
Infrastructure
Broadband
Infrastructure
Cybersecurity
Internet Access or Digital Literacy
Assistance to Households
Investments in Broadband
Water & Sewer Consolidation
Construction of Publicly Owned
Treatment Works
Creation of New Systems
Cybersecurity
Decentralized Wastewater
Treatment Systems
Energy Efficiency
National Estuary Program Projects
Nonpoint Source
Pollution Management
Rehabilitating Existing Wells
Security Measures At Publicly
Owned Treatment Works
Source
Modernization of cybersecurity, including hardware, software, and protection of critical infrastructure, as part of
provision of government services up to the amount of revenue lost due to the public health emergency
Investments in broadband to provide services meeting adequate speeds and are provided to unserved and
underserved households and businesses
Internet access or digital literacy assistance to households facing negative economic impacts due to COVID-19
Source (i.e., rehabilitation of wells or development of eligible sources to replace contaminated sources)
Security measures at publicly owned treatment works (i.e., assistance to any public, private, or nonprofit entity for
measures to increase the security of publicly owned treatment works)
Rehabilitating existing wells during an extended drought
Nonpoint source (i.e., assistance to any public, private, or nonprofit entity for the implementation a state nonpoint
source pollution management program)
National estuary program projects (i.e., assistance to any public, private, or nonprofit entity for the development and
implementation of a conservation and management plan)
Manage potential sources of pollution and prevent these sources from reaching sources of drinking water
Energy efficiency (i.e., assistance to any municipality or inter-municipal, interstate, or state agency for measures to
reduce the energy consumption needs for publicly owned treatment works)
Decentralized wastewater treatment systems (i.e., assistance to any public, private, or nonprofit entity for the
construction, repair, or replacement of decentralized wastewater treatment systems that treat municipal wastewater or
domestic sewage)
Cybersecurity needs to protect water or sewer infrastructure
Creation of new systems (i.e., construct a new system to serve homes with contaminated individual wells or consolidate
existing systems into a new regional water system)
Construction of publicly owned treatment works (i.e., assistance to any municipality or inter-municipal, interstate, or
state agency for construction of publicly owned treatment works)
Consolidation (i.e., interconnecting two or more water systems)
Expenditure Guidance-Broadband, Sewer, & Water Infrastructure
Eligible Use Expenditure Group Expenditure
Broadband, Sewer,
& Water
Infrastructure
Water & Sewer Storage
Stormwater
Technical Assistance
Transmission and Distribution
Treatment
Water Conservation, Efficiency, and
Reuse
Water Reuse
Watershed Pilot Projects Watershed pilot projects (i.e., assistance to any public, private, or nonprofit entity for the development and
implementation of watershed projects)
Water reuse (i.e., assistance to any public, private, or nonprofit entity for projects for reusing or recycling wastewater,
stormwater, or subsurface drainage water)
Water conservation, efficiency, and reuse (i.e., assistance to any municipality or inter-municipal, interstate, or state
agency for measures to reduce the demand for publicly owned treatment works capacity through water conservation,
efficiency, or reuse)
Treatment (i.e., projects to install or upgrade facilities to improve drinking water quality)
Transmission and distribution (i.e., rehabilitation, replacement, or installation of pipes to improve water pressure to safe
levels or to prevent contamination caused by leaky or broken pipes)
Technical assistance (i.e., assistance to any qualified nonprofit entity, to provide technical assistance to owners and
operators of small and medium sized publicly owned treatment works to plan, develop, and obtain financing)
Stormwater (i.e., assistance to any public, private, or nonprofit entity for measures to manage, reduce, treat, or
recapture stormwater or subsurface drainage water)
Storage (i.e., installation or upgrade of finished water storage tanks to prevent microbiological contamination from
entering the distribution system)
Expenditure Guidance-Broadband, Sewer, & Water Infrastructure Part 2
Eligible Use Expenditure Group Expenditure
Public Health
and
Economic
Impacts
Behavioral Health
Care
Crisis Intervention
Hotlines or Warmlines
Infectious Disease Prevention
Mental Health Treatment
Other Behavioral Health Services
Overdose Prevention
Services or Outreach to Promote
Access
Substance Misuse Treatment
Economic Relief
Programs
Aid for a Planned Expansion or
Upgrade of Tourism, Travel, and
Hospitality Facilities
Aid to Support Safe Reopening of
Businesses
Assistance to Implement COVID-19
Mitigation and Infection Prevention
Measures
Improve Efficacy of Programs
Addressing Negative Economic
Impacts
Payroll, Covered Benefits, And Other
Costs Associated With Rehiring
Public Sector Staff
Working to prevent the spread of infectious diseases in the community
Working to prevent drug overdoses in the community
Services or outreach to promote access to physical or behavioral health, primary care, and preventative medicine
Other behavioral health services relating to COVID-19
Hotlines or warmlines that can be used to intercept people going through or at risk for a crisis
Community-based mental health and substance use disorder programs that deliver evidence-based psychotherapy, crisis
support services, medications for opioid use disorder, and/or recovery support
Community-based mental health and substance use disorder programs that deliver evidence-based psychotherapy, crisis
support services, medications for opioid use disorder, and/or recovery support
Community-based mental health and substance use disorder programs that deliver evidence-based psychotherapy, crisis
support services, medications for opioid use disorder, and/or recovery support
Payroll, covered benefits, and other costs associated with rehiring public sector staff, up to the pre-pandemic staffing level of
the government
Improve efficacy of programs addressing negative economic impacts, including through use of data analysis, targeted
consumer outreach, improvements to data or technology infrastructure, and impact evaluations
Assistance to implement COVID-19 mitigation and infection prevention measures to enable safe resumption of tourism, travel,
and hospitality services, for example, improvements to ventilation, physical barriers or partitions, signage to facilitate social
distancing, provision of masks or personal protective equipment, or consultation with infection prevention professionals to
develop safe reopening plans
Aid to support safe reopening of businesses in the tourism, travel, and hospitality industries and to business districts that were
closed during the COVID- 19 public health emergency
Aid for a planned expansion or upgrade of tourism, travel, and hospitality facilities delayed due to the pandemic
Expenditure Guidance-Public Health and Economic Impacts Part 1
Eligible Use Expenditure Group Expenditure
Public Health
and
Economic
Impacts
Community Support Affordable Housing Development
Enhanced Services for Child
Welfare-Involved Families and Foster
Youth
Evidence-Based Community
Violence Intervention Programs (*)
Evidence-Based Educational
Services and Practices to Address
the Academic Needs of Students
Evidence-Based Practices to
Address The Social, Emotional, and
Mental Health Needs of Students
Funding Public Benefits Navigators
(*)
Home Visiting Programs
Housing Services (*)
Housing Vouchers, Residential
Counseling, or Housing Navigation
Assistance
New or Expanded High-Quality
Childcare
New, Expanded, or Enhanced Early
Learning Services
Providing Assistance to High-Poverty
School Districts
Remediation of Lead Paint or Other
Lead Hazards (*)
Services to Address Homelessness Services to address homelessness such as supportive housing, and to improve access to stable, affordable housing among
unhoused individuals
Remediation of lead paint or other lead hazards to reduce risk of elevated blood lead levels among children
Providing assistance to high-poverty school districts to advance equitable funding across districts and geographies
New, expanded, or enhanced early learning services, including pre-kindergarten, Head Start, or partnerships between
pre-kindergarten programs and local education authorities, or administration of those services
New or expanded high-quality childcare to provide safe and supportive care for children
Housing vouchers, residential counseling, or housing navigation assistance to facilitate household moves to neighborhoods
with high levels of economic opportunity and mobility for low-income residents
Housing services to support healthy living environments and neighborhoods conducive to mental and physical wellness
Home visiting programs to provide structured visits from health, parent educators, and social service professionals to pregnant
women or families with young children to offer education and assistance navigating resources for economic support, health
needs, or child development
Funding public benefits navigators to assist community members with navigating and applying for available Federal, State, and
local public benefits or services
Evidence-based educational services and practices to address the academic needs of students, including tutoring, summer,
afterschool, and other extended learning and enrichment programs
Evidence-based educational services and practices to address the academic needs of students, including tutoring, summer,
afterschool, and other extended learning and enrichment programs
Evidence-based community violence intervention programs to prevent violence and mitigate the increase in violence during
the pandemic
Enhanced services for child welfare-involved families and foster youth to provide support and training on child development,
positive parenting, coping skills, or recovery for mental health and substance use challenges
Affordable housing development to increase supply of affordable and high-quality living units
Expenditure Guidance-Public Health and Economic Impacts Part 2
Eligible Use Expenditure Group Expenditure
Public Health
and
Economic
Impacts
Household
Assistance
Cash Assistance
Counseling and Legal Aid to Prevent
Eviction or Homelessness
Emergency Assistance for Burials,
Home Repairs, Weatherization, or
Other Needs
Food Assistance
Internet Access or Digital Literacy
Assistance
Job Training
Rent, Mortgage, or Utility Assistance
Survivor's Benefits
Medical Care Contact Tracing
Medical Care
Support for Isolation or Quarantine
Testing
Vaccination Programs
Small Business and
Non-Profit
Assistance
Business Planning Needs
Loans or Grants to Mitigate Financial
Hardship
Loans, Grants, or In-Kind Assistance
to Implement COVID-19 Prevention
or Mitigation Tactics
Survivor's benefits to surviving family members of COVID-19 victims or cash assistance to widows, widowers, and dependents
of eligible COVID-19 victims
Rent, mortgage, or utility assistance for households or populations facing negative economic impacts due to COVID-19
Job training to address negative economic or public health impacts experienced due to a worker's occupation or level of
training
Internet access or digital literacy assistance to households facing negative economic impacts due to COVID-19
Food assistance for households or populations facing negative economic impacts due to COVID-19
Counseling and legal aid to prevent eviction or homelessness among households or populations facing negative economic
impacts due to COVID-19
Cash assistance for households or populations facing negative economic impacts due to COVID-19
Assistance for what are often sudden but costly events, such as burials, home repairs or weatherization, and other needs
Vaccination programs to contain, mitigate, and prevent COVID-19
Testing to contain, mitigate, and prevent COVID-19
Support for those who need to isolate or quarantine
Medical care to contain, mitigate, and prevent COVID-19
Contact tracing to contain, mitigate, and prevent COVID-19
Technical assistance, counseling, or other services to assist with business planning needs
Loans, grants, or in-kind assistance to implement COVID-19 prevention or mitigation tactics, such as physical plant changes to
enable social distancing, enhanced cleaning efforts, barriers or partitions, or COVID-19 vaccination, testing, or contact tracing
programs
Loans or grants to mitigate financial hardship such as declines in revenues or impacts of periods of business closure, for
example by supporting payroll and benefits costs, costs to retain employees, mortgage, rent, or utilities costs, and other
operating costs
Expenditure Guidance-Public Health and Economic Impacts Part 3
Eligible Use Expenditure Group Expenditure
Public Health
and
Economic
Impacts
Public Health &
Safety
Capital Investments for Adaptations to Public
Buildings
Capital Investments in Public Facilities to
Meet Pandemic Operational Needs
Continued Care and Services
Enforcement Of Public Health Orders
Enhancement of Public Health Data
Systems
Enhancement to Health Care Capacity
Funding Community Health Workers (*)
Other Public Health Responses
Payroll and Covered Benefits Expenses
Planning and Analysis to Improve Programs
Addressing Covid-19
Public Communication Efforts
Public Health Surveillance
Purchase of PPE
Support For Prevention, Mitigation, or Other
Services in Congregate Living Facilities
Supports for Vulnerable Populations to
Access Medical or Public Health Services
Ventilation Improvements
Unemployment
Assistance
Deposits into the State Account of the
Unemployment Trust Fund
Job Training to Accelerate Rehiring of
Unemployed Workers
Ventilation improvements in congregate settings, health care settings, or other key locations
To implement COVID-19 mitigation tactics
To address near and longer-term needs
Supports for vulnerable populations to access medical or public health services
Such as physical plant improvements to public hospitals and health clinics
Purchasing of personal protective equipment to contain, mitigate, and prevent COVID-19
Public health surveillance (e.g. monitoring case trends, genomic sequencing for variants)
Public communication efforts to contain, mitigate, and prevent COVID-19
Other public health responses to contain, mitigate, and prevent COVID-19
In nursing homes, incarceration settings, homeless shelters, group living facilities, and other key settings like schools
Funding community health workers to help community members access health services and services to address the
social determinants of health
For public safety, public health, health care, human services, and similar employees, to the extent that their services are
devoted to mitigating or responding to the COVID–19
Enhancements to health care capacity including through alternative care facilities
Enhancement of public health data systems to better track the spread of and contain, mitigate, and prevent COVID-19
Engage in planning and analysis in order to improve programs addressing COVID-19, including through the use of
targeted consumer outreach, improvements to data or technology infrastructure, impact evaluations, and data analysis
Enforcement of public health orders to contain, mitigate, and prevent COVID-19
Services like job training to accelerate rehiring of unemployed workers
Deposits into the state account of the Unemployment Trust Fund established under section 904 of the Social Security
Act (42 U.S.C. 1104)
Expenditure Guidance-Public Health and Economic Impacts Part 4
Brookings, SD
Resident Survey Report of Results
March 2022
8001 Terrace Ave Middleton, WI 53562
info.polco.us • 608-709-8683
Table of Contents
Section 1: Methods………………………………………………………………………………………………….2
Section 2: Understanding the Report………………………………………………………………………9
Section 3: Overview……………………………………………………………………………………………….10
Section 4: Quality-Importance……………………………………………………………………………….17
Section 5: Community Livability Topics…………………………………………………………………19
Section 6: Community Design……………………………………………………………………………….20
Section 7: Economy………………………………………………………………………………………………23
Section 8: Education, Arts, and Culture…………………………………………………………………27
Section 9: Health and Wellness…………………………………………………………………………….30
Section 10: Inclusivity and Engagement………………………………………………………………..34
Section 11: Mobility……………………………………………………………………………………………….37
Section 12: Natural Environment…………………………………………………………………………..39
Section 13: Parks and Recreation………………………………………………………………………….41
Section 14: Safety………………………………………………………………………………………………….44
Section 15: Utilities………………………………………………………………………………………………..46
Section 16: Full Responses to Survey Questions……………………………………………………49
Section 17: National Benchmark Comparisons……………………………………………………..72
Brookings, SD ARPA Resident Survey March 2022
1
Section 1: Methods
Introduction
In March 2021, the federal government funded the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA), a
$1.9 trillion aid package that provides financial aid to families, governments,
businesses, schools, and nonprofits impacted by the COVID-19 public health crisis. As
part of this package, every local government is provided funding to help with COVID-19
recovery.
The ARPA Engagement Package, a toolkit of community survey instruments and
analyses, was designed by National Research Center at Polco with two objectives in
mind:
• Provide opportunities for local governments to collaborate with their residents
and businesses to identify focus areas for the ARPA funding
• Evaluate the impact of the funding on community recovery by gathering regular
community input over a four-year period
The survey results provide three lenses that local governments can use to determine
spending priorities for the ARPA funding. Each of these sources can provide valuable
insight on their own, but we recommend considering all three (focusing particularly on
any overlapping areas or recurring themes) to better inform the decision-making
process. The three ways to look at the results to determine spending priorities include:
1. Which community livability topics were identified as critical focus areas (those
topics on which residents in the Brookings community placed greater
importance but considered to have lower quality relative to the other community
livability topics),
2. What the greatest challenges are that residents are facing due to the impacts of
the COVID-19 pandemic, and
3. Which ARPA spending "buckets" (as identified in the federal legislation) were
given the highest priority by residents.
All survey participants (both residents and business owners/managers) were asked to
evaluate specific topics of community livability that local governments influence and
Brookings, SD ARPA Resident Survey March 2022
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ARPA funding was designed to help in recovery; evaluations were given for both the
importance of each topic and the quality.
This report shows the survey results from residents of the Brookings community.
The results from businesses are shown in a separate report. Resident respondents
were also asked to report on the challenges their households have faced as a result of
the COVID-19 pandemic and to prioritize the ways they felt ARPA funding should be
spent.
This was the baseline resident survey implementation, with additional surveys to be
conducted over the next 4 years.
City of Brookings funded this research. Please contact Jacob Meshke, Asst. City
Manager, at jmeshke@cityofbrookings-sd.gov if you have any questions about the
survey.
Brookings, SD ARPA Resident Survey March 2022
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Conducting the survey
The survey was hosted on Polco, an online civic engagement platform. It was available
in English and Spanish. All households within Brookings were eligible to participate in
the survey. Two methods were used to recruit survey participants. The first method
(the probability sample, where survey recipients have a known probability of being
selected to participate in the survey) was a random selection of households who were
mailed a postcard invitation to the online survey. A list of all households within the zip
codes serving Brookings was purchased from Go-Dog Direct based on updated
listings from the United States Postal Service. Since some of the zip codes that serve
Brookings households may also serve addresses that lie outside of the community, the
exact geographic location of each housing unit was compared to community
boundaries using the most current municipal boundary file and addresses located
outside of Brookings boundaries were removed from consideration. From the list of
addresses within the community boundaries, 4000 households were randomly
selected to receive the postcard invitation. Because those who live in multi-family
housing units tend to respond at a lower rate than those in single-family housing units,
multi-family addresses (defined as those addresses with a unit number or other unit
designation) were oversampled compared to single-family addresses (defined as
those addresses without a unit designation) at a rate of 5:3. The postcard was mailed
on 01/31/23.
The second recruitment method was to invite all adult community members to
participate in the survey online. The open participation survey instrument was identical
to the probability sample survey. City of Brookings conducted all outreach, after
receiving guidance on best practices for conducting such outreach from Polco. This
guidance suggested the use of social media, press releases, newsletters and e-
newsletters, existing resident email lists, printed materials, and invitations publicized
at local and virtual meetings. The City of Brookings was encouraged to consider extra
outreach to underrepresented members of the community. The outreach methods
used by the City of Brookings included 2 Press Releases (1 for the launch of the mailed
surveys – and noting open participation will be coming soon, 1 for the launch of open
participation), 2 Email and SMS launches to our subscriber list (1 for the launch of the
mailed survey – and noting open participation will be coming soon, 1 for the launch of
open participation, 1 reminder email), Website landing page on the front page of our
website, Social Media Campaign over 3 platforms using both paid and organic reach
(Three to four calls for participation weekly prior to and during the duration of the
open survey). This survey became available to all residents on 01/31/2022 and
remained open until 03/15/2022.
Brookings, SD ARPA Resident Survey March 2022
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About 4% of the 4000 mailed invitations were returned because the household
address was vacant or the postal service was unable to deliver the survey as
addressed. Of the remaining 3850 households that received the invitations to
participate, 248 completed the survey, providing an overall response rate of 6.2% to
the probability sample survey. The response rate was calculated using AAPOR!s
(American Association for Public Opinion Research) response rate #2 for mailed
surveys of unnamed persons.
A total of 62 residents completed the open participation survey. The open participation
survey results were combined with responses from the probability sample survey, for
a total of 310 completed surveys.
For probability sample surveys, it is customary to describe the precision of estimates
made from surveys by a "level of confidence” and accompanying "confidence interval”
(or margin of error). A 95% confidence interval indicates that for every 100 random
samples of this many residents, 95 of the confidence intervals created will include the
"true” population response. This theory is applied in practice to mean that the "true”
perspective of the target population lies within the confidence interval created for a
single survey. This source of uncertainty is called sampling error. In addition to
sampling error, other sources of error may affect any survey, including the non-
response of residents with opinions different from survey responders. For the 248
responses from the random probability sample, the 95% confidence interval would be
plus or minus +/-6 percentage points. With the inclusion of the open participation
survey participants, it is likely that the precision of the responses would be even
greater.
Analyzing survey results
Weighting survey responses (balancing respondent demographics to match
population demographics)
For both the probability sample and open participation (non-probability) surveys, the
demographics of each dataset were separately compared to those found in the 2010
Census and 2019 American Community Survey estimates for adults in Brookings. The
primary objective of weighting survey data is to make the survey respondents
reflective of the larger population of the community. Both survey datasets were
weighted independently to best match the Census. The characteristics used for
weighting were age, ethnicity, housing type, race, gender, and rent or own home. In
Brookings, SD ARPA Resident Survey March 2022
5
addition, the open participation survey was weighted to adjust for differences in public
trust between the probability and non-probability samples. No adjustments were made
for design effects. Weights were calculated using an iterative, multiplicative raking
model known as the ANES (American National Election Study) Weighting Algorithm.
The results of the weighting scheme are presented in the table at the bottom of this
section. When blending the probability and open participation, an assessment was
made to the quality of the open participation sample based on respondent
demographics, responses to the survey questions, and the total number of responses.
Open participation samples of higher quality receive higher weights in the analysis
than those more disparate.
Multiple response questions
For some questions, respondents were permitted to select multiple responses. When
the total exceeds 100% in a table for a multiple response question, it is because some
respondents are counted in multiple categories.
Rounding
Excluding the participants tab, percentages shown are rounded to the nearest whole
number. This can sometimes mean that the percent of responses across all the
possible response categories may sum to something other than exactly 100%. It also
means that in some instances, the "percent positive,” “percent important,” or other
summaries of data may not equal the rounded percentages of the two categories. For
example, if 30.4% of respondents rated quality of life as excellent, and 20.4% of
respondents rated it as good, a display of all the responses will show 30% excellent
and 20% good. However, a display of the percent rating quality of life as excellent or
good will show 51% (as 30.4% + 20.4% equals 50.8%, which rounds to 51%).
Making comparisons to benchmarks
Polco!s database of comparative resident opinion consists of resident perspectives
gathered in surveys from over 600 communities whose residents evaluated the same
kinds of topics included on this survey. The comparison evaluations are from the most
recent survey completed in each community. Polco adds the latest results quickly
upon survey completion, keeping the benchmark data fresh and relevant. Ratings are
compared when there are at least five communities in which a similar question was
asked.
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Reporting statistical significance
For the crosstabs of survey results by selected respondent characteristic, chi-square
or ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) tests of significance were applied to these
breakdowns of selected survey questions. A "p-value” of 0.05 or less indicates that
there is less than a 5% probability that differences observed between groups are due
to chance; or in other words, a greater than 95% probability that the differences
observed in the selected categories of the sample represent "real” differences among
those populations. However, it should be noted that while these tests of statistical
significance were used to help guide readers and policy makers to differences that are
likely not due to chance alone, these types of probabilistic inferences were designed
for use when results come from random sampling alone (see for example: Hirschauer,
N., Gruner, S., Mußhoff, O., Becker, C., & Jantsch, A. (2020). Can p-values be
meaningfully interpreted without random sampling? Statistics Surveys, 14, 71-91).
Brookings, SD ARPA Resident Survey March 2022
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Demographic
group
Population
norm
Unweighted Weighted
Age
18-34 59% 19% 59%
35-54 20% 37% 20%
55+ 21% 44% 21%
Ethnicity
Not Hispanic 98% 98% 98%
Hispanic 2% 2% 2%
Gender
Female 48% 53% 48%
Male 52% 47% 52%
Housing type
Detached unit 47% 78% 47%
Attached unit 53% 22% 53%
Race
White 91% 94% 90%
Not White 9% 7% 10%
Rent or own home
Rent 51% 22% 51%
Own 49% 78% 49%
Brookings, SD ARPA Resident Survey March 2022
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Section 2: Understanding the Report
Throughout this report, iconography is used to denote trends and benchmarks. While
some pages will show the legend, others like the Section 3: Overview, won't for the
sake of space. Keep this page handy for reference
Brookings, SD ARPA Resident Survey March 2022
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Section 3: Overview
Summary of quality ratings by community livability topic
This section shows the community livability topics that received the highest and lowest
quality ratings, as well as trends (how these evaluations have changed over time) and
benchmarks (how they compare to ratings from other communities across the
country). The percentages shown are the proportion of respondents who rated each
as excellent or good (on a scale of excellent, good, fair, poor).
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Intersection of quality and importance
To prioritize your efforts and funding, look at the intersection of each topic!s
importance and quality ratings.
Here quality ratings are measured in percent positive, the proportion of respondents
who rated each topic's quality as excellent or good. Percent important is the
proportion of respondents who rated each topic as essential or very important.
Critical focus topics are topics that are considered more important and of lower
quality relative to other topics. Brookings's critical focus topics are
ARPA funding priorities
The American Rescue Plan Act specifies the ways in which local governments can
spend the funds received from the federal government. This section shows what
funding categories respondents rated as most important and the biggest challenges. A
graph of disparities amongst demographic included to bring attention to community
inequities, for which ARPA funds may also be useful.
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Severity of Resident Disparities
Summary index scores were created for the ratings of the challenges faced by residents. Differences in these scores
were then examined by resident annual household income, housing tenure, race of respondent and the geographic area
in which the respondent lived. The chart below highlights if disparities existed (if they did not, the cell is labeled No
disparity), and if they did, whether these disparities were small or large
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Section 4: Quality-Importance
The tables below show how the community rated the quality and importance of each
topic of community livability. These tables can be sorted by the percent rating each
received as excellent or good (quality) or essential or very important (importance).
Critical focus topics highlight topics that were rated as more important and lower
quality by respondents.
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Section 5: Community Livability Topics
This is a high-level summary of Brookings's overall performance related to each topic.
The percent positive values show the proportion of respondents who rated each as
excellent or good (on a scale of excellent, good, fair, poor).
Critical focus topics highlight topics that were rated as more important and lower
quality by respondents. For more on how critical focus topics are determined, visit
Quality-Importance.
For a difference to be statistically significant, it must be at least a 7-percentage-point
difference for trends and 10-point difference for benchmarks.
Brookings, SD ARPA Resident Survey March 2022
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Section 6: Community Design
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Related Survey Results
The characteristics below are associated with the Community Design topic
Brookings, SD ARPA Resident Survey March 2022
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Section 7: Economy
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Related Survey Results
The characteristics below are associated with the Economy topic
Brookings, SD ARPA Resident Survey March 2022
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Brookings, SD ARPA Resident Survey March 2022
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Section 8: Education, Arts and Culture
Brookings, SD ARPA Resident Survey March 2022
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Related Survey Results
The characteristics below are associated with the Education, Arts and Culture topic
Brookings, SD ARPA Resident Survey March 2022
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Brookings, SD ARPA Resident Survey March 2022
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Section 9: Health and Wellness
Brookings, SD ARPA Resident Survey March 2022
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Related Survey Results
The characteristics below are associated with the Health and Wellness topic
Brookings, SD ARPA Resident Survey March 2022
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Section 10: Inclusivity
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Related Survey Results
The characteristics below are associated with the Inclusivity topic
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Section 11: Mobility
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Related Survey Results
The characteristics below are associated with the Mobility topic
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Section 12: Natural Environment
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Related Survey Results
The characteristics below are associated with the Natural Environment topic
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Section 13: Parks and Recreation
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Related Survey Results
The characteristics below are associated with the Parks and Recreation topic
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Section 14: Safety
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Related Survey Results
The characteristics below are associated with the Safety topic
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Section 15: Utilities
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Related Survey Results
The characteristics below are associated with the Utilities topic
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major problem moderate problem
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ery informed omewhat informed
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essential ery important
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very positive somewhat positive
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Brookings, SD
Business Survey Report of Results
March 2022
8001 Terrace Ave Middleton, WI 53562
info.polco.us • 608-709-8683
Table of Contents
Section 1: Methods………………………………………………………………………………………………….2
Section 2: Understanding the Report………………………………………………………………………7
Section 3: Overview………………………………………………………………………………………………..8
Section 4: Quality-Importance……………………………………………………………………………….13
Section 5: Community Livability Topics…………………………………………………………………15
Section 6: Community Design………………………………………………………………………………..16
Section 7: Economy……………………………………………………………………………………………….18
Section 8: Education, Arts, and Culture…………………………………………………………………24
Section 9: Health and Wellness……………………………………………………………………………..26
Section 10: Inclusivity and Engagement………………………………………………………………..29
Section 11: Mobility……………………………………………………………………………………………….32
Section 12: Natural Environment…………………………………………………………………………..34
Section 13: Parks and Recreation………………………………………………………………………….36
Section 14: Safety………………………………………………………………………………………………….38
Section 15: Utilities……………………………………………………………………………………………….40
Section 16: Full Responses to Survey Questions……………………………………………………43
Section 17: National Benchmark Comparisons………………………………………………………91
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Section 1: Methods
Introduction
In March 2021, the federal government funded the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA), a
1.9 trillion aid package that provides financial aid to families, governments, businesses,
schools, and nonprofits impacted by the COVID-19 public health crisis. As part of this
package, every local government is provided funding to help with COVID-19 recovery.
The ARPA Engagement Package, a toolkit of community survey instruments and
analyses, was designed by National Research Center at Polco with two objectives in
mind:
• Provide opportunities for local governments to collaborate with their residents
and businesses to identify focus areas for the ARPA funding
• Evaluate the impact of the funding on community recovery by gathering regular
community input over a four-year period
The survey results provide three lenses that local governments can use to determine
spending priorities for the ARPA funding. Each of these sources can provide valuable
insight on their own, but Polco recommends considering all three (focusing particularly
on any overlapping areas or recurring themes) to better inform the decision-making
process. The three ways to look at the results to determine spending priorities include:
1. Which community livability topics were identified as critical focus areas (those
topics on which Brookings business owners/managers placed greater
importance but considered to have lower quality relative to the other community
livability topics),
2. What the greatest challenges are that businesses are facing due to the impacts
of the COVID-19 pandemic, and
3. Which ARPA spending "buckets" (as identified in the federal legislation) were
given the highest priority by business owners and managers.
All survey participants (both residents and business owners/managers) were asked to
evaluate specific topics of community livability that local governments influence and
ARPA funding was designed to help in recovery; evaluations were for both the
importance of each topic and the quality.
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This report shows the survey results from owners or managers of businesses in the
Brookings community. The results from residents are shown in a separate report.
Business respondents also reported on the challenges their businesses have faced as
a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as prioritizing the ways they felt ARPA
funding should be spent.
This was the baseline business survey implementation, with additional surveys to be
conducted over the next 4 years.
The City of Brookings funded this research. Please contact Jacob Meshke, Asst. City
Manager, at jmeshke@cityofbrookings-sd.gov if you have any questions about the
survey.
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Conducting the survey
The survey was hosted on Polco, an online civic engagement platform. It was available
in English and Spanish. All private sector-type businesses (stores and restaurants, but
also professional services like accountants, lawyers, doctors, etc.) within Brookings
were eligible to participate in the online survey. Two methods were used to recruit
survey participants. The first method was a mailed postcard invitation. A list of all
businesses within the zip codes serving Brookings was purchased from Go-Dog Direct
from the Dun & Bradstreet database. Since some of the zip codes that serve
Brookings businesses may also serve addresses that lie outside of the community, the
exact geographic location of each business was compared to community boundaries
using the most current municipal boundary file and addresses located outside of
Brookings boundaries were removed from consideration. All addresses within the
community boundaries, 543 businesses, were mailed the postcard invitation. The
postcard was mailed on 01/31/22.
The mail recruitment was supplemented by outreach from the City of Brookings after
receiving guidance on best practices for conducting such outreach from Polco. This
guidance included using social media, press releases, newsletters and e-newsletters,
invitations to existing email lists, printed materials, publicizing at meetings, and
requesting Chambers of Commerce or other organizations that serve businesses to
reach out to their customers. The outreach methods used by the City of Brookings
included 2 Press Releases (1 for the launch of the mailed surveys – and noting open
participation will be coming soon, 1 for the launch of open participation), 2 Email and
SMS launches to our subscriber list (1 for the launch of the mailed survey – and noting
open participation will be coming soon, 1 for the launch of open participation, 1
reminder email), Website landing page on the front page of our website, Social Media
Campaign over 3 platforms using both paid and organic reach (Three to four calls for
participation weekly prior to and during the duration of the open survey). This survey
became available to all businesses on 01/31/2022 and remained open until 03/15/2022.
About 9% of the 543 mailed invitations or surveys were returned because the business
address was vacant, the business no longer existed, or the postal service was unable
to deliver the survey as addressed. Of the remaining businesses that received the
postcard invitations to participate, 33 completed the survey via the postcard invitation.
Additionally, a total of 4 business owners/managers completed the survey in response
to Brookings!s communications. Overall, a total of 37 business owners/managers
completed a survey.
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For randomly-sampled surveys, it is customary to describe the precision of estimates
made from surveys by a "level of confidence” and accompanying "confidence interval”
(or margin of error). This source of uncertainty is called sampling error. In addition to
sampling error, other sources of error may affect any survey, including the non-
response of residents with opinions different from survey responders.
In this case a census (all businesses were included in outreach) was used, rather than
a random sample (a subset of businesses). The margin of error for 37 responses to a
random probability sample, would be +/-16 percentage points at the 95% confidence
level, which can be used as a reasonable approximation of the level of precision.
Analyzing survey results
Multiple response questions
For some questions, respondents were permitted to select multiple responses. When
the total exceeds 100% in a table for a multiple response question, it is because some
respondents are counted in multiple categories.
Rounding
Excluding the participants tab, percentages shown are rounded to the nearest whole
number. This can sometimes mean that the percent of responses across all the
possible response categories may sum to something other than exactly 100%. It also
means that in some instances, the "percent positive,” “percent important,” or other
summaries of data may not equal the rounded percentages of the two categories. For
example, if 30.4% of respondents rated overall economic health as excellent, and
20.4% of respondents rated it as good, a display of all the responses will show 30%
excellent and 20% good. However, a display of the percent rating overall economic
health as excellent or good will show 51% (as 30.4% + 20.4% equals 50.8%, which
rounds to 51%).
Making comparisons to benchmarks
Polco!s database of comparative business opinion consists of business perspectives
gathered in surveys from communities whose business owners and/or managers
evaluated the same kinds of topics on The ARPA Engagement Business Survey or The
National Business Survey™. The comparison evaluations are from the most recent
survey completed in each community. Polco adds the latest results quickly upon
survey completion, keeping the benchmark data fresh and relevant. Ratings are
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compared when there are at least five communities in which a similar question was
asked.
Reporting statistical significance
For the crosstabs of survey results by selected respondent characteristic, chi-square
or ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) tests of significance were applied to these
breakdowns of selected survey questions. A "p-value” of 0.05 or less indicates that
there is less than a 5% probability that differences observed between groups are due
to chance; or in other words, a greater than 95% probability that the differences
observed in the selected categories of the sample represent "real” differences among
those populations. However, it should be noted that while these tests of statistical
significance were used to help guide readers and policy makers to differences that are
likely not due to chance alone, these types of probabilistic inferences were designed
for use when results come from random sampling alone (see for example: Hirschauer,
N., Gruner, S., Mußhoff, O., Becker, C., & Jantsch, A. (2020). Can p-values be
meaningfully interpreted without random sampling? Statistics Surveys, 14, 71-91).
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Section 2: Understanding the Report
Throughout this report, iconography is used to denote trends and benchmarks. While
some pages will show the legend, others like the Section 3: Overview, won't for the
sake of space. Keep this page handy for reference
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Section 3: Overview
Summary of quality ratings by community livability topic
This section shows the community livability topics that received the highest and lowest
quality ratings, as well as trends (how these evaluations have changed over time) and
benchmarks (how they compare to ratings from other communities across the
country). The percentages shown are the proportion of respondents who rated each
as excellent or good (on a scale of excellent, good, fair, poor).
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Intersection of quality and importance
To prioritize your efforts and funding, look at the intersection of each topic!s
importance and quality ratings.
Here quality ratings are measured in percent positive, the proportion of respondents
who rated each topic's quality as excellent or good. Percent important is the
proportion of respondents who rated each topic as essential or very important.
Critical focus topics are topics that are considered more important and of lower
quality relative to other topics. Brookings's critical focus topics are
ARPA funding priorities
The American Rescue Plan Act specifies the ways in which local governments can
spend the funds received from the federal government. This section shows what
funding categories respondents rated as most important and the biggest challenges. A
graph of disparities amongst demographic included to bring attention to community
inequities, for which ARPA funds may also be useful.
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Section 4: Quality-Importance
The tables below show how the community rated the quality and importance of each
topic of community livability. These tables can be sorted by the percent rating each
received as excellent or good (quality) or essential or very important (importance).
Critical focus topics highlight topics that were rated as more important and lower
quality by respondents.
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Section 5: Community Livability Topics
This is a high-level summary of Brookings's overall performance related to each topic.
The percent positive values show the proportion of respondents who rated each as
excellent or good (on a scale of excellent, good, fair, poor).
Critical focus topics highlight topics that were rated as more important and lower
quality by respondents. For more on how critical focus topics are determined, visit
Quality-Importance.
For a difference to be statistically significant, it must be at least a 7-percentage-point
difference for trends and 10-point difference for benchmarks.
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Section 6: Community Design
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Related Survey Results
The characteristics below are associated with the Community Design topic
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Section 7: Economy
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Related Survey Results
The characteristics below are associated with the Economy topic
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Section 8: Education, Arts and Culture
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Related Survey Results
The characteristics below are associated with the Education, Arts and Culture topic
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Section 9: Health and Wellness
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Related Survey Results
The characteristics below are associated with the Health and Wellness topic
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Section 10: Inclusivity
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Related Survey Results
The characteristics below are associated with the Inclusivity topic
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Section 11: Mobility
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Related Survey Results
The characteristics below are associated with the Mobility topic
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Section 12: Natural Environment
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Related Survey Results
The characteristics below are associated with the Natural Environment topic
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Section 13: Parks and Recreation
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Related Survey Results
The characteristics below are associated with the Parks and Recreation topic
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Section 14: Safety
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Related Survey Results
The characteristics below are associated with the Safety topic
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Section 15: Utilities
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Related Survey Results
The characteristics below are associated with the Utilities topic
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ery informed omewhat informed
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very positive somewhat positive
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