HomeMy WebLinkAbout2018_04_24 CC PKTCity Council
City of Brookings
Meeting Agenda
Brookings City Council
Brookings City & County
Government Center
520 3rd St., Suite 230
Brookings, SD 57006
Phone: (605) 692-6281
Fax: (605) 692-6907
"We are an inclusive, diverse, connected community that fuels the creative class, embraces sustainability
and pursues a complete lifestyle. We are committed to building a bright future through dedication,
generosity and authenticity. Bring your dreams!"
5:00 PMTuesday, April 24, 2018
The City of Brookings is committed to providing a high quality of life for its citizens and fostering a diverse
economic base through innovative thinking, strategic planning, and proactive, fiscally responsible municipal
management.
5:00 PM STUDY SESSION
Room 300, Community Room
1.ID 2018-0171 Update on 211 Program by Heidi Gullickson, Executive Director,
Brookings Area United Way.
2017 Brookings County Community TrendsAttachments:
2.ID 2018-0197 Continued discussion on the Brookings Affordable Housing Task Force
Report.
Task Force Report
Tier I and II Recommendations
Attachments:
6:00 PM REGULAR MEETING
Room 310, Chambers
1. Call to Order / Pledge of Allegiance.
2. Record of Council Attendance.
3. Consent Agenda:
Action: Motion to Approve, Request Public Comment, Roll Call
Matters appearing on the Consent Agenda are expected to be non-controversial and will
Page 1 City of Brookings
April 24, 2018City Council Meeting Agenda
be acted upon by the Council at one time, without discussion, unless a member of the
Council or City Manager requests an opportunity to address any given item. Items
removed from the Consent Agenda will be discussed at the beginning of the formal
items. Approval by the Council of the Consent Agenda items means that the
recommendation of the City Manager is approved along with the terms and conditions
described in the agenda supporting documentation.
3.A. Action to approve the agenda.
3.B.ID 2018-0166 Action to approve the March 27, 2018, April 3, 2018, and April 17, 2018
City Council Minutes.
3/27/2018 Minutes
4/3/2018 Minutes
4/17/2018 Minutes
Attachments:
3.C.ID 2018-0172 Action on appointments to City Boards, Committees and Commissions.
3.D.RES 18-025 Action on Resolution 18-025, a Resolution declaring miscellaneous
equipment as surplus property.
ResolutionAttachments:
3.E.RES 18-031 Action on Resolution 18-031, a Resolution authorizing the Brookings
Summer Arts Festival Committee to have exclusive use of Pioneer Park.
ResolutionAttachments:
3.F.ID 2018-0203 Action to abate the 2017 and 2018 Drainage Fees and Interest for Parcel
Number 40625-00100-001-00, SDSU, owner, located on Lot 1, Block 1,
University First Addition in the City of Brookings, SD, in the amount of
$367.24.
Abatement FormAttachments:
4. Items removed from Consent Agenda.
Action: Motion to Approve, Request Public Comment, Roll Call
5. Open Forum/Presentations/Reports:
5.A. Open Forum.
At this time, any member of the public may request time on the agenda for an item not
listed. Items are typically scheduled for the end of the meeting; however, very brief
announcements or invitations will be allowed at this time.
5.B. SDSU Student Association Report.
5.C.ID 2018-0208 Presentation of the Brookings Volunteer Firefighter Day Proclamation.
ProclamationAttachments:
Page 2 City of Brookings
April 24, 2018City Council Meeting Agenda
6. Contracts/Change Orders:
6.A.RES 18-032 Action on Resolution 18-032, a Resolution authorizing the purchase of an
unmarked Police Vehicle.
ResolutionAttachments:
Action: Motion to Approve, Request Public Comment, Roll Call
6.B.RES 18-034 Action on Resolution 18-034, a Resolution Awarding Bids on 2018-08STI,
Street Maintenance and Overlay Project.
Resolution
Map
Attachments:
Action: Motion to Approve, Request Public Comment, Roll Call
6.C.RES 18-035 Action on Resolution 18-035, a Resolution Awarding Bids on 2018-09STI,
Recreational Trail Overlay Project.
Resolution
Map
Attachments:
Action: Motion to Approve, Request Public Comment, Roll Call
6.D.RES 18-033 Action on Resolution 18-033, a Resolution Awarding Bids on 2018-05SSI,
Viaduct Drainage Improvement Project.
Resolution
Map
Articulated Concrete Mattress picture
Attachments:
Action: Motion to Approve, Request Public Comment, Roll Call
7. Ordinance First Readings:
No vote is taken on the first reading of an Ordinance. The title of the Ordinance is read
and the date for the public hearing is announced.
7.A.ORD 18-006 Introduction and First Reading on Ordinance 18-006, an Ordinance
rezoning the S 105’ of Lot 2, Block 7, Morehouse Addition (907 8th Street);
S 105’ of Lot 3, Block 7, Morehouse Addition (911 8th Street); S 105’ of
Lot 4, Block 7, Morehouse Addition (915 8th Street) from Residence R-2
Two-Family District to Business B-2A Office District. Public Hearing: May
8, 2018.
Page 3 City of Brookings
April 24, 2018City Council Meeting Agenda
Ordinance
Planning Commission Minutes 4/3/2018
Revised Notice 3/23/2018
Notice 3/20/2018
Area Map
Rezoning Map
B-2A District
Applicant Letter
Site Plan
Attachments:
7.B.ORD 18-007 Introduction and First Reading on Ordinance 18-007, an Ordinance
rezoning Bluegill Third Addition from A, Agricultural District and Residence
R-1C Single-Family District to Residence R-1D Single-Family District.
Public Hearing: May 8, 2018.
Ordinance
Planning Commission Minutes 4/3/2018
Notice
Rezoning Map
Rezoning Exhibit
R-1C District
R-1D District
Attachments:
7.C.ORD 18-008 Introduction and First Reading on Ordinance 18-008, an Ordinance
Amending Article III of Chapter 42 of the Code of Ordinances of the City of
Brookings, South Dakota and pertaining to the Brookings Health System.
Public Hearing: May 8, 2018.
Ordinance - clean
Ordinance - marked
Attachments:
8. Public Hearings and Second Readings:
8.A.ID 2018-0190 Public Hearing and Action on a request for an On-Off-Sale Malt Alcohol
License for Flavor International Restaurant and Grocery, LLC, Daniel
Huntington, owner, 501 Main Ave., legal description: E 120’ of Lots 13-14,
Block 14, Second Addition.
Legal NoticeAttachments:
Action: Open and Close Public Hearing, Motion to Approve, Roll Call
8.B.ID 2018-0191 Public Hearing and Action on the transfer of an On-Off-Sale Malt License
from Carpy’s Pub, Roger Carpenter, owner, to Carpy’s Pub, Verla
Carpenter, owner, 714 22nd Ave., Brookings, South Dakota, legal
description: E 77’5” of W 145’ and N 32’9” of S 655’ and E 30’ of W 137’
of N 2y of S 679’ of Lot 2, Brookings Mall Addition.
Page 4 City of Brookings
April 24, 2018City Council Meeting Agenda
Legal NoticeAttachments:
Action: Open and Close Public Hearing, Motion to Approve, Roll Call
8.C.RES 18-026 Public Hearing and Action on Resolution 18-026, a Resolution adopting
the Brookings, South Dakota Comprehensive Plan 2040.
Resolution
Planning Commission Minutes 4/3/2018
Planning Commission Minutes 3/12/2018
Notice
Planning Commission Presentation 3/12/2018
Brookings Comprehensive Plan 2040
Attachments:
Action: Open and Close Public Hearing, Motion to Approve, Roll Call
9. Other Business:
9.A.ID 2018-0207 Action to approve a contract for the City Manager position.
Action: Motion to Approve, Request Public Comment, Roll Call
10. City Council member introduction of topics for future discussion.
Any Council Member may request discussion of any issue at a future meeting only.
Items cannot be added for action at this meeting. A motion and second is required
stating the issue, requested outcome, and time. A majority vote is required.
11. Adjourn.
Brookings City Council: Keith Corbett, Mayor, Mary Kidwiler, Deputy Mayor & Council Member
Council Members Patty Bacon, Dan Hansen, Ope Niemeyer, Holly Tilton Byrne, and Nick Wendell
Council Staff:
Jeffrey W. Weldon, City Manager Steven Britzman, City Attorney Shari Thornes, City Clerk
View the City Council Meeting Live on the City Government Access Channel 9.
Rebroadcast Schedule: Wednesday 1:00pm/Thursday 7:00pm/Friday 9:00pm/Saturday 1:00pm
The complete City Council agenda packet is available on the city website: www.cityofbrookings.org
Assisted Listening Systems (ALS) are available upon request. Please contact Shari Thornes, Brookings City
Clerk, at (605)692-6281 or sthornes@cityofbrookings.org. If you require additional assistance, alternative formats,
and/or accessible locations consistent with the Americans with Disabilities Act, please contact Shari Thornes, City
ADA Coordinator, at (605)692-6281 at least three working days prior to the meeting.
Page 5 City of Brookings
City of Brookings
Staff Report
Brookings City & County
Government Center, 520
Third Street
Brookings, SD 57006
(605) 692-6281 phone
(605) 692-6907 fax
File #:ID 2018-0171,Version:1
Update on 211 Program by Heidi Gullickson, Executive Director, Brookings Area United Way.
Summary:
Heidi Gullickson, Executive Director Brookings Area United Way, will present an update on Services
in Brookings County.
Attachments:
Presentation
City of Brookings Printed on 4/19/2018Page 1 of 1
powered by Legistar™
Brookings County
2017 Community Trends
“Making lives better by giving support, offering hope and
creating connections all day every day.”
Total Contacts 2015 2016 2017
Phone Calls 308 545 788
Outreach Calls for Suicide Contacts n/a n/a 55
Text Messages n/a 12 22
Emails 2 7 13
Online 211 Database Searches 754 743 877
Basic Resource Guide Downloads n/a n/a 163
Holiday Resource Guides Downloads n/a n/a 69
Contact Type 2017
Information 40.46%
Referral 29.77%
Listening & Support 5.95%
Crisis 10.45%
Advocacy 0.24%
Admin/Other 13.12%
This document provides an overview of the trends and needs identified in 2017 by the
Helpline Center based on 211 contact data from Brookings County. The 211 Helpline is an
information, referral and crisis helpline that provides resource information on non-profit,
social service and government programs.
The 211 Helpline service is available through a phone call, text message, email or a visit to
helplinecenter.org. In South Dakota, 211 is available in 17 counties including Beadle, Bon
Homme, Brookings, Brown, Butte, Clay, Custer, Fall River, Lake, Lawrence, Lincoln, McCook,
Meade, Minnehaha, Pennington, Turner, and Yankton.
Goal of Community Trends
Helpline Center Partnership in Brookings County
The Helpline Center through 211 partnered with the Brookings Area United Way to
assist in scheduling the Dakota Dental SmileMobile visits for Brookings. The mobile
unit visits Brookings four times per year. Individuals needing to schedule a dental
appointment for a child dialed 211 to schedule the appointment. The Helpline Center
answered 120 calls in 2017 for the program.
Information
40.46%
Referral
29.77%
Listening &
Support
5.95%
Crisis
10.45%
Advocacy
0.24% Admin/
Other
*Contact Type percentage is based on calls and texts.
Brookings County
2017 Community Trends
“Making lives better by giving support, offering hope and
creating connections all day every day.”
211 Comparison of Needs
In 2017, total needs identified was 914 – some individuals may have more than one need during
a contact. In 2016, 644 needs were identified.
4
6
7
8
13
22
33
35
37
45
46
49
60
84
85
169
211
Disaster Services
Employment
Arts, Culture and Recreation
Education
Income Support/Assistance
Other Government/Economic Services
Utility Assistance
Clothing/Personal/Household Needs
Transportation
Legal, Consumer and Public Safety Services
Food/Meals
Individual, Family and Community Support
Volunteers/Donations
Information Services
Housing
Health Care
Mental Health/Addictions
Top Unmet Needs
An unmet need is when an individual has exhausted known resources, is ineligible or there are
no programs to meet the individual’s needs. The unmet needs identified are a snapshot as 211
does not know the outcome of each contact. These unmet needs were identified at the time of
the initial contact.
No programs found for: mortgage payment assistance, free cell phones, utility service
payment assistance, driver license fee payment assistance, prescription expense assistance,
and anger management class
Individual ineligible for: automotive repair and maintenance and
public transportation
Brookings County
2017 Community Trends
“Making lives better by giving support, offering hope and
creating connections all day every day.”
51
12
0 3 3 1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Level 1
(threat)
Level 2
(plan)
Level 3 (in
progress)
Third Party
Level 1
Third Party
Level 2
Third Party
Level 3
Brookings County Suicide and Crisis Support
Total Suicide-Related Contacts: 70 Statewide: 1,832
In 2016, Brookings County had 46 suicide-related contacts.
Brookings Area Mental Health Guide
In December 2017, the Helpline Center partnered with the
Brookings Area Mental Health Taskforce to help people more
readily identify and select licensed/credentialed practitioners
and agencies. The guide is available in PDF format or online
searchable database.
This guide is produced as an initiative of the Mental Health
Taskforce and is funded by the City of Brookings and
Brookings County.
December 2017 Usage Statistics
218 online mental health database searches
40 PDF downloads
To view the guide, visit:
www.helplinecenter.org/brookings
Brookings County
2017 Community Trends
“Making lives better by giving support, offering hope and
creating connections all day every day.”
Helpline Center Volunteer Connections helps volunteers and agencies connect
48 Brookings area nonprofits particpate in Volunteer Connections
Volunteers can search over 226 volunteer opportunities
16,166 contacts in 2016 regarding volunteerism
Volunteer Texting Program launched in Brookings making it easier than ever to stay
connected to various Volunteer Opportunities
Launched the Volunteer of the Month Program where we recognize one volunteer
from the community each month.
Support for Volunteer Managers
Online Volunteer Database training
for agencies
Two-Day Volunteer Manager
Training
Volunteer Manager Brown Bag
Luncheons
Success Story
The Helpline Center’s 2-day Volunteer
Management Training opened my eyes to the complexity of managing groups and
individuals who want to make a positive contribution to our organization. I also gained a
greater understanding of the needs of volunteers and the variety of ways people can help
us. We have since created an internship that focuses on volunteer management and are in
the process of developing a volunteer handbook. The course was both inspiring and
practical. I highly recommend it.
-Darla Biel, Executive Director of Brookings County Youth Mentoring Program
Brookings Volunteer Connections
City of Brookings
Staff Report
Brookings City & County
Government Center, 520
Third Street
Brookings, SD 57006
(605) 692-6281 phone
(605) 692-6907 fax
File #:ID 2018-0197,Version:1
Continued discussion on the Brookings Affordable Housing Task Force Report.
Background:
The City Council expressed interest in continuing their policy discussion pertaining to next steps in
implementation of concepts identified in the Report.
Attachments:
Task Force Report
Tier I and II Recommendations
City of Brookings Printed on 4/19/2018Page 1 of 1
powered by Legistar™
Brookings Affordable Housing Task Force
Final Report
October 12, 2017
Task Force Members
Patty Bacon – Chair
Kelan Bludorn
Angie Boersma
Connie Bridges
Al Heuton
Ryan Krogman
Mike Lockrem
Jacob Mills
Mary Jo Minor
City Staff
Jeff Weldon, City Manager
Kevin Catlin, Assistant City Manager
Mike Struck, Community Development Director
Staci Bungard, City Planner
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
NEED FOR AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Every resident of the City of Brookings deserves a decent, safe, sound and affordable place to live, in a
neighborhood that provides opportunities to succeed. The market alone is not always able to meet that
need, and, accordingly, governments at all levels must work together to help. The City’s shortage of
affordable housing has reached a breaking point. Much of the housing in the City is not affordable to
low- and moderate-income households and working families who are oftentimes cost burdened by 30%
or more in their housing costs.
This task force report has been developed as a means of increasing awareness of the need for affordable
housing, generating support of affordable housing projects, and encouraging public/private partnerships
in the identification and implementation of affordable housing solutions. The Brookings Affordable
Housing Task Force (BAHTF) analyzed the current housing market, examined trends in the housing
market and economic opportunities of the City, identified shortcomings in affordable housing
countywide, and proposes strategies to address affordable housing.
The BAHTF focuses on the status and interaction of four (4) fundamental conditions within the
community:
The rental and homeowner housing market;
Economic trends, specifically in terms of household income;
The provision of financial assistance for dwellings;
Public policies and actions affecting affordable housing;
The methodology employed to undertake the BAHTF Report includes research of best practices, tax
programs, and examples from comparable university communities related to affordable housing.
Statistical data was compiled from the U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey, HUD
Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy, and local real estate and mortgage professionals. The
task force had opportunities to learn about special programs from guests related to housing and land
trust funds, energy efficiency programs for manufactured housing, and smart growth initiatives.
GOALS AND PRIORITIES
Adopt an agreed-upon definition of “affordable” to be used as a mainstay for the Task Force’s
work around owner-occupied and rental housing.
Evaluate the affordable housing needs at all levels by developing an understanding of the
community’s housing situation with a global focus on workforce housing, first time home
buyers, low and moderate income individuals & families, veterans, disabled, and elderly for
owner-occupied and rental housing.
Investigate the various tools, policies, procedures, means, and methods that could be employed
by the City of Brookings to alleviate the challenges of affordable housing including but not
limited to modified zoning policies, higher density incentives, public/private partnerships and
the utilization of affordable housing trust funds.
Develop a comprehensive plan to address the housing affordability challenges of the
community.
3
Make a recommendation to the City Council based on a comprehensive plan addressing the
housing affordability challenges of the community for governing body action by submitting a
final report which may include draft resolutions or ordinances for subsequent action.
AFFORDABLE HOUSING NEEDS:
Demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the county were evaluated as a basis for
determining and identifying affordable housing issues in the City. Approximately 43% of Brookings
households earn less than $35,000 per year. In an effort to account for the SDSU student influence on
housing in Brookings, the task force looked into more detailed income and housing data for families.
One out of four family households have a gross annual income of less than $35,000. An annual income
of $35,000 equates to a maximum of $875 available for monthly housing costs utilizing 30% of gross
income. The task force determined spending more than 30% of gross household income means a
household is housing cost burdened. It is important to note that affordable housing should address
both owner-occupied and rental occupied housing opportunities. Some of the findings as presented in
the tables, maps, data and analyses of the BAHTF are summarized below and include the following:
Income and Poverty
The BAHTF reviewed information contained in the 2015 Research on Brookings Poverty Rates
and Availability of Affordable Housing conducted by the Brookings Sustainability Council.
The report, under the principle of regional economy, determined that an indicator that
measured the percent of residents to be living in poverty was 22.4%. The benchmark report also
determined 33% of homeowners and more than 50% of renters are living beyond their means.
The Sustainability Council’s report articulated South Dakota State University students influence
the community but did not have an adverse impact on the poverty rating. People who live in
group settings, such as care facilities, nursing homes, jails and first and second year SDSU
students, who live on campus, are not part of the poverty figures by the U.S. Census Bureau.
Rental and Owner Occupied Housing Stock and Housing Costs
54% of Brookings renter occupied housing units spend more than 30% of their household
income on housing costs, 13% higher than the South Dakota average.
18% of Brookings owner occupied housing units spend more than 30% of their household
income on housing costs slightly less than the state average of 18.4%
RECOMMENDATIONS:
The BAHTF recommendations are divided into a tiers, with Tier I representing strategies implemented
within 12 to 18 months. Tier II recommendation would require more time for implementation,
however, it should be noted these strategies could begin the exploratory phase at any time. Tier I
recommendations primarily revolve around a review of existing City policies (ordinances) and
procedures (permitting) and changing those negatively impacting the creation of more affordable
housing. Additional Tier I recommendations focus on educational components, whether it be consumer
expectations, awareness of housing programs, or identifying the correlation between tax policy and
housing costs.
4
Tier II recommendations involve incentives and may take a little longer to implement as programs and
budgeting will need to be developed. These recommendations range from hiring independent
consultants to analyze the housing market and regional storm water management solutions to
incentives for subdivision design, employee bounty programs, infill development, and concepts untested
in the Brookings market.
5
CHARTER/MISSION
Created in November 2015, the role of the Brookings Affordable Housing Task Force (BAHTF) is to advise
the City Council, City Manager, and City Boards on housing-related issues; help advance the creation and
availability of affordable housing for middle and low income residents of Brookings; and deliver
proposals to the City Council on potential incentives for the creation of affordably priced single family
dwellings and affordable rental units for middle income residents of Brookings.
BAHTF OBJECTIVES
Adopt an agreed-upon definition of “affordable” to be used as a mainstay for the Task Force’s
work around owner-occupied and rental housing.
Evaluate the affordable housing needs at all levels by developing an understanding of the
community’s housing situation with a global focus on workforce housing, first time home
buyers, low and moderate income individuals & families, veterans, disabled, and elderly for
owner-occupied and rental housing.
Investigate the various tools, policies, procedures, means, and methods that could be employed
by the City of Brookings to alleviate the challenges of affordable housing including but not
limited to modified zoning policies, higher density incentives, public/private partnerships and
the utilization of affordable housing trust funds.
Develop a comprehensive plan to address the housing affordability challenges of the
community.
Make a recommendation to the City Council based on a comprehensive plan addressing the
housing affordability challenges of the community for governing body action by submitting a
final report which may include draft resolutions or ordinances for subsequent action.
WHAT IS AFFORDABLE HOUSING?
BAHTF was tasked with defining “affordable housing”. After much deliberation, the group agreed to use
the following definition as our starting point:
AFFORDABLE HOUSING: Families who pay more than 30 percent of their gross income
for housing (principal/rent, interest, taxes, insurance, and utilities) are considered cost
burdened and may have difficulty affording necessities such as food, clothing,
transportation and medical care.
(https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/comm_planning/affordablehousing/)
This definition is consistent with the HUD definition and lender policy. While the definition of affordable
housing utilizes 30 percent of gross income, it is equally important to acknowledge there are people
who choose to spend more than 30 percent of their income on housing-related costs due to personal
priorities.
ESTABLISHING NEEDS IN THE BROOKINGS MARKET
The City of Brookings had 8,369 occupied housing units in 2015. Brookings is unique for South Dakota in
that 51.4% of occupied housing units are renter-occupied compared to 48.6% owner-occupied. The first
assumption often made is this number is skewed based upon the SDSU student influence on the rental
6
market. While this may certainly be true, it may not be the only reason why Brookings has a higher
renter-occupied than owner-occupied real estate market.
The median household income for Brookings is $41,061, which means half of the households make more
than $41,061 and half make less. Another way to view median household income data is to calculate
the costs available monthly for housing based upon the affordable housing definition. Applying the
thirty percent figure to median household income and then dividing it by twelve months equates to
$1,026 available to meet monthly housing expenses.
The Census Bureau defines a household as all the people who occupy a housing unit (such as a house or
apartment) as their usual place of residence. A household includes the related family members and all
the unrelated people, if any, such as lodgers, foster children, wards, or employees who share the
housing unit. A person living alone in a housing unit, or a group of unrelated people sharing a housing
unit such as partners or roomers, is also counted as a household. The count of households excludes
group quarters.
The Census Bureau further breaks down the type of household into family and non-family. For purposes
of this report, the task force focused on the definition of a family household as defined by the Census
Bureau. A family household includes one or more people living in the same household who are related
to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption. All people in a household who are related to the
householder are regarded as members of his or her family. A family household may contain people not
related to the householder, but those people are not included as part of the householder's family in
census tabulations. Thus, the number of family households is equal to the number of families, but family
households may include more members than do families. A household can contain only one family for
purposes of census tabulations. Not all households contain families since a household may comprise a
group of unrelated people or one person living alone.
Table 1 is a representation of owner-occupied households currently spending 30% or more of their
income on housing. Estimating taxes, insurance, and utilities at $442 per month, provides a monthly
range based upon income available for housing. When comparing the affordable home price range to
the Brookings Multiple Listing Service (MLS), it is clear there are few ownership options available in the
market to households earning less than $35,000. Homeownership becomes more realistic in the
$35,000 - $49,999 income range, however, even in this income bracket, homeownership can strain a
household budget based upon the available options within the price range.
7
Table 1. Brookings Affordable Housing Range (owner-occupied household spending 30% or more of
gross income on housing costs)
Household
Income
# Owner
occupied
Households
HH spending 30%
or more of income
on housing
Affordable Payment
at 30% of HH Income
less $442/month for
taxes, insurance and
utilities
Affordable Home
Price Range, 10%
down, 4% interest,
30 years
# % Low High Low High
< $20,000 236 106 45% n/a 58 n/a n/a
20,001 - 34,999 423 195 46% 59 433 n/a 101,000
35,000 - 49,999 578 195 34% 434 808 101,000 187,000
50,000 - 74,999 1,131 207 18% 809 1,433 187,000 330,000
75,000+ 1,700 27 2% 1,434 n/a 330,000+ n/a
Total
Households
4,068 (margin of error included in total households)
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
While the percentage of total owner-occupied (18%) households spending 30% or more on housing is
significant, the data portrays an alarming trend on the total renter-occupied households. Fifty-one
(51%) percent of renter-occupied households spend 30% or more of their income on housing. Once
again, the influence of SDSU students on the rental market is assumed to be a contributing factor,
especially at the lowest income level. The interesting data pertains to an affordable rent range when
factoring out expenses such as insurance and utilities. An individual making $14.42 per hour, or $30,000
annually, could afford a monthly rent of $450 based upon the assumptions outlined in Table 2.
8
Table 2. Brookings Affordable Housing Ranges (Renter-Occupied)
Household Income # Renter-
occupied
Households
HH spending 30% or more
of income on housing
Affordable Rent Range at
30% of HH Income less
$300/month for insurance
and utilities
# % Low High
< $20,000 1,561 1,398 90% n/a 200
20,001 - 34,999 1,221 731 60% 201 575
35,000 - 49,999 688 77 11% 576 950
50,000 - 74,999 512 0 0% 951 1,575
75,000+ 159 8 5% 1,576
Total Households 4,301 (margin of error included in total households)
Source: U.S. Census Bureau
Brookings’ workforce issues are projected to continue over the next decade. Nearly 4,600 employees
will be eligible to retire in the next 10 years. The ability to fill those openings as well as any business
expansions will be directly related to the availability of housing. Utilizing the median earnings from
Table 3. and applying those hourly earnings into the appropriate annual income in Tables 1 and 2
provides a snapshot of what future housing needs will be just to fulfill the needs of business and
industry today.
An example scenario is provided with the following assumptions:
Household includes two production workers making $16.36 per hour.
$16.36 x 2080 = $34,028.80 x 2 = $68,057.60
$68,057.60 x 30% = $20,417.28 / 12 months = $1,701.44 available monthly housing expenses
Based upon the scenario, the two income household would fall within the affordable housing price
range of $187,000 to $330,000. There were 45 homes for sale in Brookings ranging in price from
$151,000 to $300,000 as shown in Table 9. The number of annual openings for production workers is
106 with 436 eligible for retirement within the next 10 years. Assuming all the homes in this price range
were purchased by production workers earning the median income, the existing housing stock would
accommodate ninety of the production workers.
9
Table 3. Brookings County 10 Year Workforce Need
Description 2011
Jobs
2015
Jobs
2011 -
2015
Change
Annual
Openings
Median
Hourly
Earnings
Age
55-64
Age
65+
Retirement
Eligible Next
10 Years
Office and Administrative Support Occupations 3,104 3,166 62 105 $13.17 558 195 753
Management Occupations 1,551 1,471 (80) 40 $24.95 326 241 568
Education, Training, and Library Occupations 1,570 1,660 90 59 $23.29 358 145 503
Production Occupations 2,499 2,553 54 106 $16.36 377 57 434
Sales and Related Occupations 1,595 1,721 126 94 $14.82 271 108 379
Transportation and Material Moving Occupations 1,132 1,250 118 64 $14.58 216 101 317
Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations 856 909 53 36 $10.94 181 79 260
Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations 622 651 29 28 $26.96 120 53 173
Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations 1,800 1,876 76 100 $9.54 114 50 164
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations 680 708 28 37 $19.87 124 31 155
Business and Financial Operations Occupations 608 637 29 25 $26.77 123 32 155
Construction and Extraction Occupations 919 964 45 55 $17.07 108 37 146
Personal Care and Service Occupations 688 734 46 43 $10.53 85 49 134
Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations 326 355 29 20 $12.94 45 33 79
Community and Social Service Occupations 214 222 8 10 $18.14 44 22 65
Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations 317 358 41 23 $21.23 50 12 62
Healthcare Support Occupations 340 371 31 17 $10.84 40 19 60
10
Description 2011
Jobs
2015
Jobs
2011 -
2015
Change
Annual
Openings
Median
Hourly
Earnings
Age
55-64
Age
65+
Retirement
Eligible Next
10 Years
Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations 389 405 16 22 $16.34 41 19 59
Architecture and Engineering Occupations 268 288 20 14 $29.93 43 <10 43
Protective Service Occupations 215 219 4 9 $16.75 27 14 41
Computer and Mathematical Occupations 286 293 7 8 $25.81 36 <10 36
Total (Columns may not add due to disclosure provisions) 19,980 20,812 832 912 3,288 1,299 4,586
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics
11
Reviewing data for selected monthly owner costs as a percentage of household income revealed
Brookings households with a mortgage spending 30% or more of their household income is comparable
to the state of South Dakota. Approximately twenty-six percent of household with mortgages in
Brookings spend 30% or more of their income on housing costs compared to 23.5% for South Dakota.
The percentage reverse when comparing housing costs for owners without a mortgage as only 4.4% of
Brookings owners spend more than 30% of their income on housing costs. Statewide, 11.4% of owner
households without a mortgage spend 30% or more on housing costs. Analyzing the data regardless of
the status of a mortgage reveals Brookings is very consistent with the rest of the state as 19% of owners
expend 30% or more on housing costs compared to 18.4% statewide. The question that remains
unanswered is whether 30% of a household income spent on housing is really affordable. This comes
down to individual choice or circumstance.
Table 4. Selected Monthly Owner Costs as a Percentage of Household Income (SMOCAPI)
SD SD Brookings City Brookings City
Housing units with a mortgage
(excluding units where SMOCAPI
cannot be computed)
127,761 127,761 2,702 2,702
Less than 20.0 percent 58,908 46.1% 979 36.2%
20.0 to 24.9 percent 23,799 18.6% 524 19.4%
25.0 to 29.9 percent 14,985 11.7% 487 18.0%
30.0 to 34.9 percent 8,860 6.9% 392 14.5%
35.0 percent or more 21,209 16.6% 320 11.8%
Not computed 468 (X) 0 (X)
Housing unit without a mortgage
(excluding units where SMOCAPI
cannot be computed)
93,522 93,522 1,366 1,366
Less than 10.0 percent 43,330 46.3% 678 49.6%
10.0 to 14.9 percent 18,878 20.2% 343 25.1%
15.0 to 19.9 percent 10,404 11.1% 151 11.1%
20.0 to 24.9 percent 6,360 6.8% 120 8.8%
25.0 to 29.9 percent 3,880 4.1% 14 1.0%
30.0 to 34.9 percent 2,611 2.8% 23 1.7%
35.0 percent or more 8,059 8.6% 37 2.7%
Not computed 838 (X) 0 (X)
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010-2014 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates
Table 5. Selected Monthly Housing Costs as a Percentage of Household Income
SD SD Brookings City Brookings City
Owner 221,283 4,068
Less than 20.0 percent 131,520 59.4% 2,151 52.9%
20.0 to 24.9 percent 30,159 13.6% 644 15.8%
25.0 to 29.9 percent 18,865 8.5% 501 12.3%
30.0 to 34.9 percent 11,471 5.2% 415 10.2%
35.0 percent or more 29,268 13.2% 357 8.8%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010-2014 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates
12
Renter-occupied housing portrays a different picture of housing cost burden in Brookings. Fifty-four
percent of Brookings renters are considered cost burdened compared to 41% statewide. The most
significant observation is 46.5% of renters spend 35% or more of their household income on rent. An
assumption can be made this number is inflated due to the influence of South Dakota State University
students in the Brookings rental market.
Table 6. Gross Rent as a Percentage of Household Income (GRAPI)
SD SD Brookings City Brookings City
Renter 94,422 4,141
Less than 15.0 percent 17,061 18.1% 473 11.4%
15.0 to 19.9 percent 14,359 15.2% 492 11.9%
20.0 to 24.9 percent 12,987 13.8% 470 11.3%
25.0 to 29.9 percent 11,355 12.0% 475 11.5%
30.0 to 34.9 percent 7,821 8.3% 306 7.4%
35.0 percent or more 30,839 32.7% 1,925 46.5%
Not computed 10,090 (X) 160 (X)
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010-2014 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates
Table 7 represents the total number of households by income ranges and the adjusted monthly income
available for housing based upon utilizing 30% of gross income. Roughly forty-three percent of
Brookings households have a gross income of less than $35,000, which equates to a maximum monthly
income available for housing of $875. Table 8 provides a slightly better picture of housing affordability
in Brookings by evaluating household income by families. Approximately twenty-eight percent of
Brookings family households have a gross income of less than $35,000, which equates to a maximum
monthly income available for housing of $875. Household income by families may provide a more
accurate portrayal of the housing needs in the community. The Task Force acknowledges South Dakota
State University students are spending a disproportionately higher amount of their income on housing
while pursuing a degree and therefore may be over-inflating the percentages associated with total
households by household income and benefits.
Table 7. Household Income and Benefits by Total Households
City of Brookings Estimate Percent 30% of Gross
Income
Monthly Income
Available for Housing
Total households 8,369 8,369
Less than $10,000 641 7.7% $3,000 $250
$10,000 to $14,999 577 6.9% $4,500 $375
$15,000 to $24,999 1,391 16.6% $7,500 $625
$25,000 to $34,999 957 11.4% $10,500 $875
$35,000 to $49,999 1,265 15.1% $15,000 $1,250
$50,000 to $74,999 1,656 19.8% $22,500 $1,875
$75,000 to $99,999 732 8.7% $30,000 $2,500
$100,000 to $149,999 842 10.1% $45,000 $3,750
13
City of Brookings Estimate Percent 30% of Gross
Income
Monthly Income
Available for Housing
$150,000 to $199,999 153 1.8% $60,000 $5,000
$200,000 or more 155 1.9%
Median household income (dollars) 41,061
Mean household income (dollars) 55,978
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010-2014 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates
Table 8. Household Income and Benefits by Total Families
Estimate Percent 30% of Gross
Income
Monthly Income
Available for Housing
Total Families 4,397 4,397
Less than $10,000 103 2.3% $3,000 $250
$10,000 to $14,999 111 2.5% $4,500 $375
$15,000 to $24,999 500 11.4% $7,500 $625
$25,000 to $34,999 522 11.9% $10,500 $875
$35,000 to $49,999 671 15.3% $15,000 $1,250
$50,000 to $74,999 869 19.8% $22,500 $1,875
$75,000 to $99,999 491 11.2% $30,000 $2,500
$100,000 to $149,999 822 18.7% $45,000 $3,750
$150,000 to $199,999 153 3.5% $60,000 $5,000
$200,000 or more 155 3.5%
Median family income (dollars) 54,532 (X)
Mean family income (dollars) 76,458 (X)
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010-2014 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates
Table 9 references the available homes for sale in the Brookings market at a specific date. Generally
speaking, this is a reasonable monthly average of available homes on an annual basis.
Table 9. Homes for Sale in Brookings Market
Price Range Brookings Outside Brookings Total
$10,000 - $50,000 2 6 8
$50,001 - $100,000 0 11 11
$100,001 - $150,000 3 7 10
$151,001 - $200,000 15 6 21
$200,001 - $250,000 18 2 20
$250,001 - $300,000 12 1 13
$300,001 - $400,000 10 2 12
400000+ 4 8 12
Total 64 43 107
Source: Brookings Multiple Listing Service on June 7, 2016
14
AFFORDABLE HOUSING BARRIERS
The Task Force brainstormed barriers to constructing affordable housing in Brookings, whether
perceived or real. The idea was simply to list as many issues that affect the cost of housing and then
further evaluate the ideas for validity. Upon completion of the list, the Task Force identified the
responsible party or parties that have the most influence over the issue and could most likely influence
change.
Table 10. Barriers to Constructing Affordable Housing in Brookings
Barriers to Constructing Affordable Housing In Brookings
Responsible Party
Issue Gov't Developer HOA Individual Market
Covenants & Restrictions X X
Cost Undeveloped Land X X
Minimum Lot Sizes X X X
Development Costs - Carrying X X X
Infrastructure Cost - curb, gutter, sidewalk, water, sewer,
storm sewer X X X
Brookings County - building eligibility (35 acre) X
Drainage Studies/Ponds - Requirements/Costs X X
Street Widths X X X
Front Yard Setbacks X X
Fronting Costs of Utility Extensions X X
Mark Up/Profits of Dev, Contractors, Subs X X
Land Availability X
Inventory of Existing Housing Stock X X x
Homebuyer Standards X X
Availability of Homes X X X
Construction Costs X
Holding Costs of Developer X X
Buyer Mentality towards Townhomes/Condos X
Lack of Utility Incentive vs free market X
Student Impact X
Wages X
Housing Program Educational component X
Educated Housing Authority X X
Planning Commission Meeting Schedule X
Lack of skilled labor in Trades Industry X
Interest Rates X
15
Upon identifying potential barriers to constructing affordable houseing, the Task Force began to identify
potential solutions. These solutions are identified in Table 11, Affordable Housing Strategies. Table 11 is
formatted to identify the activity or solution and then provide a description of what the intent of the
activity is trying to accomplish. Each activity also provide obstacles that would need to be overcome as
well as potential adverse impacts of implementing the activity. In some scenarios, an estimated cost
was associated with the activity while others remained blank or simply referenced by the need for
money as it was difficult to associate a dollar amount to an unfamilar program. Finally, each activity was
assigned a governmental entity that would have administrative oversight on implementing the program.
16
Table 11. Affordable Housing Strategies
Activity Purpose Obstacles
Potential Adverse
Impacts Incentives Cost
Funding
Sources
Administrative
Responsibility
Policy/Ordinance (local)
Minimum Lot Sizes Increase growth density as we expand
which helps to spread out the cost of
adding utilities across a larger group
Builder/developer risk
to try something new;
buyer expectations;
public education
Aesthetics, unless
garage is in the back
Discretionary Tax
Formula
$0 N/A Community
Development
Regional Detention &
Water Management
Sstrategies
Minimize overall cost of storm water
management, prevent multiple
overlapping individual engineering
studies by creating regional studies
and facilites and then assessing the
cost over the entire basin that
benefits
Policy changes;
assessed costs;
landowner cooperation;
cash
Increase costs; Lack of
cooperation stalls
project; Developer
flexibility; Time
Maintenance;
comprehensive
approach vs
individual;
$1M
Study
Assessment;
Drainage Fees,
SRF
Engineering Dept
Parking Reduction Trade-
offs
Encourage certain types of
developments by offering reduced
parking requirements in exchange for
building housing that meets certain
types of density or demographic
desires of the city
Perception of
congestion; potential
for more on-street
parking if not
demanding lots
On-street parking
congestion; Higher
density than desired
Higher density;
less impervious
surfaces; public
transit/multi-
modal options in
vicinity
$0 N/A Community
Development
Street Widths/Front Yard
Setbacks
Encourage new development
concepts and/or higher density by
reviewing street widths and setback
requirements in conjuction with
higher density neighborhoods to
possibly allow incentives (narrower
streets or smaller setbacks), perhaps
with parking only on one side and
with development type targets.
Public perception,
parking policies, snow
removal;
Aesthetics unless
garage is in the back;
parking capacity
issues; Eliminate front
yard driveways
Density; reduced
street
construction
costs; pedestrian
friendly based
upon
street/building
scale
$0 N/A Community
Development,
Engineering, Street
Implement/Incentivize
Use of Alleys
Encourage this type of development if
desired by the city through some type
of grant/low interest
loan/infrastructure cost share to test
market desire for this increased
density style of development.
Developer risk; aversion
to new concepts that
haven't been proven;
rear access requirement
Increased
maintenance costs;
Rear yard loss;
Decrease
utility/street
maintenance
costs with
utilities located
in the alley
TBD City BMU, Community
Development,
Street, Engineering
Utility Extension /
Infrastructure
Review current practice and study
possibilties/cost impacts of utilizing
local utility to front cost of new
utilities in an effort to encouarge
more infrastructure completion which
helps in the availability of housing
land.
Costs; public perception
of everyone paying for
new development;
public perception of
developer profits;
Deferred utility
maintenance; defer
other capital projects;
increases housing
costs throughout
community
Reduces risk to
developer;
affordability for
development
$$$$$ BMU BMU, City Council
17
Table 11. Affordable Housing Strategies
Activity Purpose Obstacles
Potential Adverse
Impacts Incentives Cost
Funding
Sources
Administrative
Responsibility
Deed Restrictions for
Owner-occupied
Structure with Accessory
Dwelling Units (ADU's)
To create mixed use neighborhoods
(single famliy occupied and rentals) in
a more dense neighborhood and
prevent some areas from becoming
only rental housing by offering single
family owners to build accessory
dwelling units on their property in
exchange for a deed restriction on the
property that the main residence
must perpetually be owner occupied.
Coordination with
historic preservation
where alleys are
available and ADU’s
may work; zoning
change (overlay?)
Enforcement
challenges? Public
perception /
receptivity; impact of
deed restrictions on
future sales; density
challenges; increase
impervious surfaces
Density,
neighborhood
"policing"
$0 Community
Development,
BMU, Historic
Preservation
Assessment Practices Review assessment practices of
impacting only adjoining landowners
versus assessing across the larger
region or entire city
Does it meet statutory
requirements for
assessments?
Increases housing
costs throughout
community
Reduces risk to
developer;
affordability for
development
$$ City City, SD Legislature
Policy (state-level)
Property tax category for
multi-family vs
commercial
Encourage state legislature to review
impacts of higher commercial taxes
placed on multifamily housing and/or
consider some type of renter
property tax rebate program where
this added tax is rebated back directly
to the individual renters.
Legislative changes at
state level;
Lower tax revenue
impacts community
bottom line
$0 SD Legislature
Incentive Programs
Property Tax -
discretionary formula
(new construction)
To encourage existing homeowners
or longer term renters to build a new
house which helps free up inventory
of lower and mid tier price homes.
Incentive would be in some type of
form of property tax deferral
(example from Iowa - Zero property
tax for 3 years or phased in over 10
years).
Loss of property tax
revenue; perception
wealthy benefit from
property tax relief
Expand housing
supply; create
additional
property tax
base
Research
Additional
Info
Property Tax
Abatement
City, County, School
District, Legislature
Rehabilitation incentives To encourage existing homeowners of
older homes to improve the outward
appearance of their property, new
siding, paint, windows, roofs
landscaping etc which helps improve
market desire for these more
moderate priced older homes and
neighborhoods with higher density.
Cash; Income-based
qualifications?
Competing with
private financing
Aesthetics $75,000
annually
City, SDHDA City, SDHDA
18
Table 11. Affordable Housing Strategies
Activity Purpose Obstacles
Potential Adverse
Impacts Incentives Cost
Funding
Sources
Administrative
Responsibility
Consider fronting utility
costs & implementing
discretionary formula as
a trade-off for developers
to include a minmum %
of moderate-income &
affordable units
Geared toward encouraging certain
affordable types of housing by
providing a grant/loan or help in
fronting the cost of utilities/street for
a new project that has a specified
percentage and type/size of housing
unit and density that the city would
like.
Cash Deferred
maintenance, deferred
capital projects
Broader range of
housing types
City, BMU City, County, School
District, BMU
Energy-efficiency tax
credits & incentives?
(Combine with other
State & Fed programs)
To incentivise new energy efficient
buildings and upgrades to existing
housing in order to improve utility
costs for low and moderate level
housing (lowers overall housing
costs).
Cash, Qualifying / Pre-
Approved Constractors
BMU,
Northwestern
Energy
BMU
Revolving Funding Structures
Housing Trust Fund Housing Trust Funds use a dedicated
source of governmental funding to
ensure that affordable housing
remains an important part of a
locality’s priorities. Priorities can be
established through qualifiers such as
income or other housing needs in the
community. A variety of revenue
sources are used. A few include but
are not limited to: document
recording fees, real estate transer
fee, hotel/motel taxes, building
permit fees, tax increment revenues.
Document
recording fees,
real estate
transfer fee,
hotel/motel
taxes, building
permit fees, tax
increment
financing
revenues
City, County, Non-
Profit
Financing Structures
TIF Utilized for infrastructure and land
development costs.
Cannot be used for
residential structures;
loss of revenue to
taxing entities
Value of increment
not sufficient to cover
TIF;
Infrastructure
costs covered by
TIF
City, Developer City
Tax-exempt Bond Income based Multi-family housing Permanent &
construction
loan financing
for developer
SDHDA;
Developer
SDHDA
19
Table 11. Affordable Housing Strategies
Activity Purpose Obstacles
Potential Adverse
Impacts Incentives Cost
Funding
Sources
Administrative
Responsibility
Organizational/Educational Efforts
Create Brookings Area
Housing Organization
Create a 1 or 2 year trial position,
possibly through the BEDC with a
grant from the City to have a housing
development coordinator working to
apply for other grants and help new
housing projects utilize programs and
designs for more affordable housing
TBD TBD TBD $$$ City, County TBD
Educational Programs for
HS & College Students
Create free educational classes for
the public on housing costs,
responsible use of debt, income vs.
housing expense, etc. Encourage
responsible homeowner choices
(prevent people from choosing to be
housing cost burdened when they
have other choices).
TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
Educational Programs
through Lending
Institutions
Address home-buyer expectations,
wise decision-making to look for
housing solutions that may be more
cost-effective.
TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
Non-profit sector / Public Awareness
Gather Data on
Homelessness in
Brookings
Create public awareness on
homelessness and begin to address
the issue.
Lack of homeless
services.
Many social impacts. Services to assist,
reduce public
costs.
TBD Grants, Local
Donations
Local Social Service
Agencies
Create Housing Solutions
for Lower Income Special
Needs Populations
Build affordable housing for special
populations.
Lack of affordable land
in City limits.
Increased
transportation costs.
Homeownership
opportunities
and affordable
rentals for lower
income families
has many
advantages.
TBD Public private
parternerships
provide the
opportunity for
affordable land.
Interlakes
Community Action
Program (ICAP),
Brookings Area
Habitat for
Humanity, Section
8, Private
Developers
Assist Nonprofit
Developers with Creating
Higher Density
Homeownership
Opportunities
Educate the community about
ownership opportunities in higher
density settings. Prmote higher
density development options.
NIMBY, perception of
density/new product,
homeowner
expectations.
Public perception. Density, lower
per unit costs.
TBD Public private
parternships,
grants, local
donations.
ICAP, Brookings
Area Habitat for
Humanity
Address Energy Efficiency
Issues for Families in
Older Mobile Homes
Implement energy efficiency
programs in older mobile homes.
Increase disposable income of
household by decreasing utility costs.
Forming partnerships. None. Lower utility
bills, healthier
families, higher
disposable
income.
TBD Grants, local
donations, utility
companies
HFH-South Dakota,
Brookings Area
Habitat for
Humanity, ICAP
20
RECOMMENDATIONS
Affordable housing is not a one size fits all solution. Housing solutions will need to be developed across
multiple categories of housing to address the affordability issues in Brookings. It should be noted the
following recommendations are intended to be utilized across multiple categories of housing and
include, but are not limited to rental housing, owner-occupied, single-family, multi-family, low density,
high density, subsidized and unsubsidized. All types of housing should be able to utilize one or more of
the following recommendations as a means of diversifying the housing stock through the community.
Some of the following recommendations are deemed to be short term initiatives that can begin to show
progress towards impacting affordable housing while longer term strategies will require more detailed
conversations to occur on much more in-depth opportunities. Some of the solutions we discussed will
be specific to some of the above categories (parking reduction and high density housing for example)
while others will be applicable across many categories (storm water retention for example).
Tier 1 (12 – 18 months)
Implement parking reductions when alternative transportation infrastructure is provided. This
could be expanded to provide further reductions if a certain percentage of the units are
maintained in an affordable price range.
Reduce minimum lot size and height restrictions in the zoning ordinance.
Improve educational programs on affordable housing and styles (i.e. condominium).
Support concentrated neighborhoods with housing, retail, and service mix in key locations of the
community.
Evaluate fee structure for permits and provide waivers for affordable housing.
Explore opportunities to leverage state and federal programs.
Evaluate Accessory Dwelling Units (ADU’s) as an affordable housing option.
Explore creation of Brookings Housing Program/Position.
Lobby Legislature in property tax reforms addressing multi-family rate, platted lots, etc.
Explore private sector partnerships to increase housing density above public parking lots
(income based vs. market).
Initiate a creative subdivision design competition with a monetary incentive (SDSU School of
Design).
Communication amongst various stakeholders (Government, Non-Profit, Private Sector).
Tier II
Incentivize subdivision design incorporating mixed-incomes and housing varieties.
Incentivize infill/redevelopment projects incorporating affordable housing.
Explore a Brookings Housing Trust Fund.
New house tax deferrment program whereby property taxes are phased in over a period of
time.
Explore lease-to-own financing models for homeownership.
Explore a housing rehab program to ensure older housing stock is maintained as a viable
housing solution.
Employee bounty program whereby new Brookings employees are provided a stipend based
upon each completed year of employment while maintaining residency in Brookings (Ex. 3 year
program at $1,000 per year).
Hire a consultant to study regional storm water solutions.
21
Hire an independent consultant to study infrastructure costs and policies and provide a
comparative analysis of how Brookings rates to other Midwest cities.
Create small task force to address specific housing issues:
a.Post graduate transitional housing.
b.Is Brookings housing overpriced in middle to upper price ranges?
Create opportunities for small acreages in the County to help free up existing housing stock
within the community (upward mobility).
Collaboration with outlying communities on housing development with an emphasis on
affordable housing.
CONCLUSION
What started out as a task force simply trying to address affordable housing opportunities in Brookings,
morphed into a much larger, more complex, issue than intended. Affordable housing has a different
meaning for different individuals, thus emphasizing the need to look at the issue from a wholistic
perspective. The recommendations range from zoning policy to legislative review to financial incentives.
Regardless of strategy, the key component to a successful implementation is establishing public-private
partnerships.
The Task Force feels strongly that the community, with leadership from City Council, begin a concerted,
organized effort to address affordable housing needs in our community. We ask the Brookings City
Council to take action on this issue by making impactful policy decisions that address the solutions
outlined in this document and have measurable outcomes for the benefit of the Brookings Community.
Those actions can be as simple as proclaiming Affordable Housing Month, tasking staff and/or the Task
Force to launch a public awareness campaign, and as complex as determining the need for a Housing
staff position for the City to implement the recommendations of the Task Force.
22
ADDITIONAL RESOURCES
http://portal.hud.gov/hudportal/HUD?src=/program_offices/comm_planning/affordablehousing/
Pivo, Gary. (2013) The Definition of Affordable Housing: Concerns and Related Evidence. Referenced 02-
11-2016 from
http://www.fanniemae.com/resources/file/fundmarket/pdf/hoytpivo_mfhousing_affordablehousingdef
_122013.pdf
Buntin, John. (2017, May) “The Missing Middle,” Governing, 25-31.
Ehrenhalt, Alan. (2016, June) “Why Affordable Housing is Hard to Build,” Governing, 14-15.
Stone, Michael E. (2004) "Shelter Poverty: The Chronic Crisis of Housing Affordability," New England
Journal of Public Policy: Vol. 20 : Iss. 1 , Article 16.
Available at http://scholarworks.umb.edu/nejpp/vol20/iss1/16/
Schwartz, Mary & Wilson, Ellen. “Who Can Afford to Live in a Home? A Look at data from the 2006
American Community Survey,” US Census Bureau.
“Housing for All, ”On Common Ground: Summer 2016. Available at
https://www.nar.realtor/publications/on-common-ground/summer-2016-housing-for-all
Small-Town America Is Facing Big-City Problems (shared by Kevin Catlin):
From Portland, Maine, to Traverse City, Michigan, many smaller U.S. cities are struggling with
densification, NIMBY politics and housing affordability. https://nextcity.org/features/view/traverse-city-
small-cities-growth-planning
New York City Council Backs Affordable Housing Plan (shared by Kevin Catlin):
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/15/nyregion/housing-plan-gains-new-york-councils-backing-with-
expanded-affordability-rules.html?WT.mc_id=SmartBriefs-Newsletter&WT.mc_ev=click&ad-
keywords=smartbriefsnl&_r=0
https://www.hud.gov/program_offices/comm_planning/affordablehousing/
2015 Research on Brookings Poverty Rates and Availability of Affordable Housing
23
Brookings Affordable Housing Task Force
Tier 1 Recommendations
Affordable housing is not a one size fits all solution. Housing solutions will need to be developed across multiple categories
of housing to address the affordability issues in Brookings. It should be noted the following recommendations are intended
to be utilized across multiple categories of housing and include, but are not limited to rental housing, owner-occupied,
single-family, multi-family, low density, high density, subsidized and unsubsidized. All types of housing should be able to
utilize one or more of the following recommendations as a means of diversifying the housing stock through the community.
Some of the following recommendations are deemed to be short term initiatives that can begin to show progress towards
impacting affordable housing while longer term strategies will require more detailed conversations to occur on much more
in-depth opportunities. Some of the solutions we discussed will be specific to some of the above categories (parking
reduction and high-density housing for example) while others will be applicable across many categories (storm water
retention for example).
Tier 1 (12 – 18 months)
Responsible Party
Priority Council/City
Dept
Developers/Community
1.Implement parking reductions when
alternative transportation infrastructure is
provided. This could be expanded to provide
further reductions if a certain percentage of
the units are maintained in an affordable price
range.
2.Reduce minimum lot size and height
restrictions in the zoning ordinance.
3.Improve educational programs on affordable
housing and styles (i.e. condominium).
4.Support concentrated neighborhoods with
housing, retail, and service mix in key
locations of the community.
5.Evaluate fee structure for permits and provide
waivers for affordable housing.
6.Explore opportunities to leverage state and
federal programs.
7.Evaluate Accessory Dwelling Units (ADU’s) as
an affordable housing option.
8.Explore creation of Brookings Housing
Program/Position.
9.Lobby Legislature in property tax reforms
addressing multi-family rate, platted lots, etc.
10.Explore private sector partnerships to increase
housing density above public parking lots
(income based vs. market).
11.Initiate a creative subdivision design
competition with a monetary incentive (SDSU
School of Design).
12.Communication amongst various stakeholders
(Government, Non-Profit, Private Sector).
Tier II
Responsible Party
Priority Council/City
Dept
Developers/Community
1. Incentivize subdivision design incorporating
mixed-incomes and housing varieties.
2. Incentivize infill/redevelopment projects
incorporating affordable housing.
3. Explore a Brookings Housing Trust Fund.
4. New house tax deferment program whereby
property taxes are phased in over a period of time.
5. Explore lease-to-own financing models for
homeownership.
6. Explore a housing rehab program to ensure older
housing stock is maintained as a viable housing
solution.
7. Employee bounty program whereby new
Brookings employees are provided a stipend based
upon each completed year of employment while
maintaining residency in Brookings (Ex. 3 year
program at $1,000 per year).
8. Hire a consultant to study regional storm water
solutions.
9. Hire an independent consultant to study
infrastructure costs and policies and provide a
comparative analysis of how Brookings rates to
other Midwest cities.
10. Create small task force to address specific
housing issues:
a. Post graduate transitional housing.
b. Is Brookings housing overpriced in
middle to upper price ranges?
11. Create opportunities for small acreages in the
County to help free up existing housing stock within
the community (upward mobility).
12.Collaboration with outlying communities on
housing development with an emphasis on
affordable housing.
CONCLUSION
What started out as a task force simply trying to address affordable housing opportunities in Brookings, morphed into a
much larger, more complex, issue than intended. Affordable housing has a different meaning for different individuals, thus
emphasizing the need to look at the issue from a wholistic perspective. The recommendations range from zoning policy to
legislative review to financial incentives. Regardless of strategy, the key component to a successful implementation is
establishing public-private partnerships.
The Task Force feels strongly that the community, with leadership from City Council, begin a concerted, organized effort
to address affordable housing needs in our community. We ask the Brookings City Council to take action on this issue by
making impactful policy decisions that address the solutions outlined in this document and have measurable outcomes for
the benefit of the Brookings Community. Those actions can be as simple as proclaiming Affordable
Housing Month, tasking staff and/or the Task Force to launch a public awareness campaign, and as complex as determining
the need for a Housing staff position for the City to implement the recommendations of the Task Force.
City of Brookings
Staff Report
Brookings City & County
Government Center, 520
Third Street
Brookings, SD 57006
(605) 692-6281 phone
(605) 692-6907 fax
File #:ID 2018-0166,Version:1
Action to approve the March 27, 2018, April 3, 2018, and April 17, 2018 City Council Minutes.
Attachments:
3/27/2018 Minutes
4/3/2018 Minutes
4/17/2018 Minutes
City of Brookings Printed on 4/19/2018Page 1 of 1
powered by Legistar™
Brookings City Council
March 27, 2018 (unapproved)
The Brookings City Council held a meeting on Tuesday, March 27, 2018 at 6:00 p.m., at
City Hall with the following City Council members present: Mayor Keith Corbett, Council
Members Mary Kidwiler, Dan Hansen, Holly Tilton Byrne, Nick Wendell, Patty Bacon,
and Ope Niemeyer. City Manager Jeff Weldon, City Attorney Steve Britzman, and City
Clerk Shari Thornes were also present.
6:00 PM Regular Meeting
Consent Agenda. A motion was made by Council Member Hansen, seconded by
Council Member Kidwiler, to approve the Consent Agenda. The motion carried by the
following vote: Yes: 7 - Corbett, Niemeyer, Hansen, Kidwiler, Bacon, Wendell, and
Tilton Byrne.
A. Action to approve the agenda.
B. Action to approve the March 13, 2018 City Council Minutes.
C. Action to schedule a special council meeting on April 3, 2018.
D. Action to approve Resolution 18-023, a Resolution authorizing the Mayor to
sign an Agreement for Project PP-PS 3301(12), PCN 0613, Medary Ave. Rail
Crossing Project, Brookings, SD.
Resolution 18-023 - A Resolution for Authorizing the Mayor to Sign an Agreement for
Project PP-PS 3301(12), PCN 0613, Medary Avenue Rail Crossing Signals
Whereas, the Brookings City Council desires the design, construction administration
and construction of highway rail grade crossing signals for Project PP-PS 3301(12),
PCN 0613 on Medary Avenue; and
Whereas, the City of Brookings is obligated and hereby agrees to provide the
associated roadway work required for the crossing surface and to maintain the roadway,
sidewalks and pavement markings at the highway-rail grade crossing as stated in the
Agreement between the City and the State of South Dakota; and
Whereas, the City of Brookings is obligated and hereby agrees to reimburse the State
the City’s 10% share of the participating project costs.
Now, Therefore Be It Resolved, that the Mayor is hereby authorized to sign the
Agreement and other related documents for Project PP-PS 3301(12), PCN 0613.
E. Action to abate the 2017 Drainage Fee and Interest for Parcel Number 40625-
00200-003-05, located at 721 20th Ave. on Lot 3A, Block 2, University First Addition
in the City of Brookings, SD, in the amount of $178.98.
“Tangle Town” – Public Arts Video. Jamison Lamp, Brookings Arts Commission
Chair, presented the public education video “Tangle Town” to the City Council and
public.
Snow Removal Operations. Paul Mergen presented information to the City Council on
investigating/considering adding snow gates to plows for snow removal operations.
Proclamation. Sarah Lippert, Brookings Volunteer Connections Coordinator, accepted
a Proclamation declaring National Volunteer Week April 15-21, 2018.
Resolution 18-021. A motion was made by Council Member Kidwiler, seconded by
Council Member Tilton Byrne, that Resolution 18-021, a Resolution awarding the
Contract for Remodeling Office and Meeting Space in the Swiftel Center, be approved.
The motion carried by the following vote: Yes: 6 - Corbett, Niemeyer, Kidwiler, Bacon,
Wendell, and Tilton Byrne, No: 1 – Hansen.
Resolution 18-021 - Resolution Awarding a Remodeling Contract
for the Swiftel Center
Whereas, the City of Brookings authorized the advertisement of bids for a remodeling
project to certain office and meeting spaces at the Swiftel Center on January 9, 2018;
and
Whereas, the City of Brookings opened bids for said remodeling project on Tuesday,
March 13, 2018 at 1:30 p.m. at the Brookings City and County Government Center; and
Whereas, the City of Brookings received the following bids for the project: Clark Drew
Construction in the amount of $193,750.00; Mills Construction in the amount of
$234,000.00; and Ronning Enterprises in the amount of $243,900.00.
Now, Therefore, Be It Resolved that the low bid of $193,750.00 from Clark Drew
Construction be accepted.
Resolution 18-022. A motion was made by Council Member Wendell, seconded by
Council Member Hansen, that Resolution 18-022, a Resolution awarding the Contract
on the 2018-04SSI, 8th Street & 20th Avenue Drainage Improvement Project, be
approved. The motion carried by the following vote: Yes: 7 - Corbett, Niemeyer,
Hansen, Kidwiler, Bacon, Wendell, and Tilton Byrne.
Resolution 18-022 - Resolution Awarding the Contract on the 2018-04SSI,
8th Street & 20
th Avenue Drainage Improvement Project
Whereas, the City of Brookings opened bids for 2018-04SSI 8th Street & 20th Avenue
Drainage Improvement Project on Tuesday, March 13, 2018 at 1:30 pm at the
Brookings City & County Government Center; and
Whereas, the City of Brookings has received the following bids for 2018-04SSI 8th
Street & 20
th Avenue Drainage Improvement Project: VJ Ahlers Excavating in the
amount of $181,893.33, Bowes Construction, Inc. in the amount of $185,683.68,
Deboer Construction in the amount of $248,467.50 and Duininck, Inc. in the amount of
$270,206.50.
Now Therefore, Be It Resolved that the low bid of $181,893.33 for VJ Ahlers Excavating
be accepted.
Ordinance 18-005. A public hearing was held on Ordinance 18-005, an Ordinance
Amending Chapter 26 of the Ordinances of the City of Brookings to include the
regulation of Transportation Network Companies in the City of Brookings. A motion was
made by Council Member Tilton Byrne, seconded by Council Member Bacon, that
Ordinance 18-005 be approved. The motion carried by the following vote: Yes: 7 -
Corbett, Niemeyer, Hansen, Kidwiler, Bacon, Wendell, and Tilton Byrne.
Resolution 18-016. A public hearing was held on Resolution 18-016, a Resolution
authorizing the City Manager to enter into an Operating Agreement for a Liquor License
for Apple BRK, LLC, dba Applebee’s Neighborhood Grill & Bar, Jonathan Rolph, David
Rolph, and Gregory Stroud, owners, 3001 LeFevre Dr., Brookings, SD, legal
description: S 225’ of Lot 8, LeFevre Addition. A motion was made by Council Member
Hansen, seconded by Council Member Kidwiler, that Resolution 18-016 be approved.
The motion carried by the following vote: Yes: 7 - Corbett, Niemeyer, Hansen, Kidwiler,
Bacon, Wendell, and Tilton Byrne.
Resolution 18-016 - Apple BRK, LLC, dba Applebee’s Neighborhood Grill & Bar
On-Sale Liquor Operating Agreement
Be It Resolved by the City of Brookings, South Dakota, that the City Council hereby
approves a Lease Agreement for the Operating Liquor Management Agreement for
Liquor between the City of Brookings and Apple BRK, LLC, dba Applebee’s
Neighborhood Grill & Bar, Jonathan Rolph, David Rolph, and Gregory Stroud, owners,
for the purpose of a liquor manager to operate the on-sale establishment or business for
and on behalf of the City of Brookings at 3001 LeFevre Dr.: legal description: S 225’ of
Lot 8, LeFevre Addition.
Be It Further Resolved that the City Manager be authorized to execute the Agreement
on behalf of the City, which shall be for a period of five (5) years and renewal for
another five (5) years.
Adjourn. A motion was made by Council Member Hansen, seconded by Council
Member Niemeyer, to adjourn the meeting at 6:46 p.m. The motion carried by a
unanimous vote.
CITY OF BROOKINGS
Keith W. Corbett, Mayor
ATTEST:
Shari Thornes, City Clerk
Brookings City Council
April 3, 2018 (unapproved)
The Brookings City Council held a special meeting on Tuesday, April 3, 2018 at 4:00
p.m., at City Hall with the following City Council members present: Mayor Keith Corbett,
Council Members Mary Kidwiler, Dan Hansen, Holly Tilton Byrne, Nick Wendell, Patty
Bacon, and Ope Niemeyer. City Attorney Steve Britzman, and the City Manager Search
Committee members City Clerk Shari Thornes, City Engineer Jackie Lanning, Human
Resources Director Donna Langland, Parks & Recreation Director Dan Brettschneider,
Maggie Owens, and Steve Carnes were also present.
4:00 PM Special Meeting
Executive Session. A motion was made by Council Member Kidwiler, seconded by
Council Member Wendell, to enter into Executive Session for purposes of discussing
the qualifications, competence, performance, character or fitnesss of any public officer
or employee or prospective public officer or employee. The motion carried by a
unanimous vote. A motion was made by Council Member Wendell, seconded by
Council Member Hansen, to exit Executive Session at 4:55 p.m. The motion carried by
a unanimous vote.
Adjourn. A motion was made by Council Member Hansen, seconded by Council
Member Wendell, to adjourn the meeting at 4:55 p.m. The motion carried by a
unanimous vote.
CITY OF BROOKINGS
Keith W. Corbett, Mayor
ATTEST:
Shari Thornes, City Clerk
Brookings City Council
April 17, 2018 (unapproved)
The Brookings City Council held a special meeting on Tuesday, April 17, 2018 at 1:00
p.m., at City Hall with the following City Council members present: Mayor Keith Corbett,
Council Members Mary Kidwiler, Holly Tilton Byrne, Nick Wendell, and Ope Niemeyer.
Absent: Council Members Patty Bacon and Dan Hansen. City Attorney Steve Britzman
and City Clerk Shari Thornes were also present.
Special Meeting – Election Canvass
Resolution 18-028. A motion was made by Council Member Kidwiler, seconded by
Council Member Wendell, that Resolution 18-028, a Resolution designating additional
Election Judges for the April 10, 2018 Combined Municipal / School Board Election, be
approved. The motion carried by the following vote: Yes: 5 - Corbett, Niemeyer,
Kidwiler, Wendell, and Tilton Byrne; Absent: 2 - Hansen, and Bacon.
Resolution 18-028 - Appointing additional Election Judges for the
April 10, 2018 Combined Municipal / School Board Election
Whereas, a City of Brookings Municipal Election was held on April 10, 2018 for the
positions of one Mayor, two 3-year City Council members, one 1-year City Council
member, two School Board members, and Brookings School District Tax Levy Opt Out;
and
Whereas, as required by SDCL 9-13-16.1, the City Council approved Resolution 18-009
on February 27, 2018 appointing election superintendents and judges and set their rate
of compensation; and
Whereas, there have been several changes in election judges and alternates; and
Whereas, the following judges and alternates were not appointed via Resolution 18-009,
and are hereby appointed at a rate of $12.00 per hour for Judges, and a flat fee of
$25.00 for the April 9, 2018 Election School: VOTE CENTER 1 – Brookings Activity
Center: Kristin Uilk; VOTE CENTER 2 – Nancy Thompson; VOTE CENTER 3 – Faith
Reformed Church: Janet Seeley; ABSENTEE VOTE CENTER – Sue Sackman;
ALTERNATE – Kathy Vrchota.
Resolution 18-027. A motion was made by Council Member Niemeyer, seconded by
Council Member Kidwiler, that Resolution 18-027, a Resolution Canvassing the April 10,
2018 Municipal Election Ballots, be approved. The motion carried by the following vote:
Yes: 5 - Corbett, Niemeyer, Kidwiler, Wendell, and Tilton Byrne; Absent: 2 - Hansen,
and Bacon.
Resolution 18-027 - Canvassing the April 10, 2018 Municipal Election
Whereas, on the 10th day of April, 2018, there was held in the City of Brookings, South
Dakota, an election for the purpose of electing a Mayor (3-Year Term), two City Council
Members (3-Year Terms), one City Council Member (1-Year Term); and
Whereas, the Keith W. Corbett ran unopposed for the Mayor’s race (3-year Term) and is
thereby declared the winner; and
Whereas, the judges and clerks of said election have returned to the City Council of the
City of Brookings the official results for the purpose of the Official Canvass; and
Whereas, the City Council on April 17, 2018 has canvassed the results for the purpose
of determining the official election outcome; and
Now, Therefore, Be It Resolved by the City Council of the City of Brookings, South
Dakota that the official vote at the City Election held April 10, 2018 was as follows:
City Council
1-Year Term (1)
Holly
Tilton Byrne
Joey
Collins
Over
Votes
Under
Votes
Total
Ballots
Cast
School
Only
Ballots
Cast
Total
Votes
Cast
Vote Center 1 387 276 0 81 818 74 744
Vote Center 2 553 542 0 173 1,331 63 1,268
Vote Center 3 138 161 0 51 439 89 350
Vote Center 4 0 6 0 1 207 200 7
Absentee 386 337 0 68 899 108 791
City Council
3-Year Term (2)
Nick G.
Schmeichel
Nick
Wendell
Verna
Longville
Patty
Bacon
Over
Votes
Under
Votes
Total
Ballots
Cast
School
Only
Ballots
Cast
Total
Votes
Cast
Vote Center 1 321 434 121 383 4 225 818 74 1,488
Vote Center 2 574 678 273 596 16 399 1,331 63 2,536
Vote Center 3 147 176 74 162 6 135 439 89 700
Vote Center 4 3 2 0 3 0 6 207 200 14
Absentee 320 435 189 364 12 262 899 108 1,582
Provisional
Ballot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TOTAL 1,365 1,725 657 1,508 38 1,027 3,694 534 6,320
Provisional Ballot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TOTAL 1,464 1,322 0 374 3,694 534 3,160
Adjourn. A motion was made by Council Member Kidwiler, seconded by Council
Member Wendell, that the meeting be adjourned at 1:19 p.m. The motion carried by a
unanimous vote.
CITY OF BROOKINGS
Keith W. Corbett, Mayor
ATTEST:
Shari Thornes, City Clerk
City of Brookings
Staff Report
Brookings City & County
Government Center, 520
Third Street
Brookings, SD 57006
(605) 692-6281 phone
(605) 692-6907 fax
File #:ID 2018-0172,Version:1
Action on appointments to City Boards, Committees and Commissions.
Summary:
Mayor Keith Corbett has submitted the following appointment recommendations for City Council
advice and consent:
Airport Board
Number of positions:1
Term Length:5 years
Residency Requirement:City required for majority
The Airport Board gives recommendations to city staff for the management, supervision, regulations,
and care for the Brookings Regional Airport. Any rules or regulations are subject to approval of the
City Manager.
Mayor’s Recommendation
1.Reappoint Orv Smidt
Brookings Committee for People who have Disabilities
Number of positions:1 (student representative)
Term Length:1 year
Residency Requirement:City required for majority
The Brookings Committee for People who have Disabilities strives to advocate for the rights of
people who have disabilities in our community. Throughout the year, specific events are held to bring
awareness and information to our citizens. Technical assistance is provided to the business
community, private individuals, governmental entities and nonprofit organizations. The goals of this
service are to improve the quality of life for people who have disabilities through enhancing the
knowledge base of entities in the community; and to further serve as a community-based advocacy
group enhancing the ability of local entities to comply with Federal Civil Rights legislation.
Mayor’s Recommendation
1.Reappoint Taylor Wold
Human Rights Commission
Number of positions:1
Term Length:3 year
Residency Requirement:Not required
The Human Rights Committee has the power to investigate alleging discrimination. Other programs
include:
·The study of the existence, character, causes and extent of discrimination in
employment, housing and public accommodations, property rights, education and public
services.
City of Brookings Printed on 4/19/2018Page 1 of 2
powered by Legistar™
File #:ID 2018-0172,Version:1
·Advise and provide a forum for those subjected to unfair and discriminatory practices in
the City and County.
·Advise City officials concerning issues of discrimination.
·Conducting educational programs and disseminates information to further the
committee’s policy to eliminate discrimination in the city.
Mayor’s Recommendation:
1.Appoint Meagan Irvine-Miller
Park & Recreation Board
Number of positions:2
Term Length:3 years
Residency Requirement:Not required
The Park & Recreation Board provides advice to the Director of Parks, Recreation and Forestry to
assist in fulfilling the administering of the public park system, recreation programs and city forestry
program. The Board also advises the City Council and makes recommendations on matters
regarding park capital improvements and planning.
Mayor’s Recommendation:
1.Reappoint Doug Smith
2.Reappoint Jay Larsen
Sustainability Council
Number of positions:1 (student representative)
Term Length:1 year
Residency Requirement:City required for majority
The purpose of the Sustainability Council is to investigate, propose, educate, communicate, and
advocate investment strategies and policies that will improve our future quality of life while still
meeting the needs of the present.
Mayor’s Recommendation
1.Reappoint Caleb Vukovich
Utility Board
Number of positions:1
Term Length:5 years
Residency Requirement:Required (resident and land owner)
The Utility Board is an administrative body responsible for the management and control of the
electric, water, wastewater and telephone utilities of the City of Brookings.
Mayor’s Recommendation:
1.Appoint Keith Bartels
City of Brookings Printed on 4/19/2018Page 2 of 2
powered by Legistar™
City of Brookings
Staff Report
Brookings City & County
Government Center, 520
Third Street
Brookings, SD 57006
(605) 692-6281 phone
(605) 692-6907 fax
File #:RES 18-025,Version:1
Action on Resolution 18-025, a Resolution declaring miscellaneous equipment as surplus property.
Summary:
The City of Brookings is the owner of the following described equipment formerly used in various city
departments:
·City General: 4 - 2-door storage cabinets
·Library: 16 wooden chairs, 1 green topped divided table, 8 green topped wooden
tables, 1 - Samsung Syncmaster 151V (15 inch) monitor, 1 - Viewsonic VG 930m (20
inches) monitor, 1 - 2011 W7 Pro Acer Veriton VX275-UD5400C Desktop (A2) Intel
Pentium Dual-Core E5400 1 GB, 1 - 2006 W7 Gateway E4500 D (G60) Pentium Dual 930,
1 GB, 1 - 2007 W7 Gateway E4610D (G71) Intel Dual Core 2 Duo E6400 1024 MB, 1 -
2013 HP LaserJet Enterprise 600 Printer, 1 - HP Compaq dc 7900 Convertible Minitower
(HP10)
·Fire Dept.: 1200 gallon drop tank (approx. 25 years old); pressure washer with self-
contained heater (approx. 25 years old) (NOTE: water heater leaks and has an electrical
short); 2 - flood work lights; 1 - paint booth filter and pressure gauge; 1 - yard light; 1 -
Durango center console; 2 - mini light bars; 1 - 1980’s GMC truck grill; 1 - TV Mount; 4 -
sheets of paneling; 2 - electric reels (no ends); 1 - tool box; 1 - box of 8’ light bulbs; 4 -
Humvee tires and rims; 1 - dually tire and rim; 1 - water well pump and expansion tank; 2 -
wood open storage shelves; 1 - 250 gallon galvanized water tank
·Airport: 1 - 36” 2-drawer file cabinet; 2 - 6’ bookcases; 1 - 29” 2-drawer file cabinet; 1 -
6’ desk with 3 drawers; 1 - 4’ desk
·Parks, Recreation & Forestry Dept.: 1 - desktop organizer; 1 - 2-door cabinet; 1 - 2-
shelf cabinet; 1 - wall-mounted cabinet; 1 - small table; 4 - metal desks; 1 - small metal
desk; 2 - tables; 1 - pedestal table; 1 - 3-shelf bookcase
Background:
The above listed surplus items and computers are no longer needed by the City of Brookings or have
been replaced. The City plans to sell the surplus property on the Public Surplus website.
Fiscal Impact:
The City will receive the sale value of the surplus property. Council action is required to declare
these items surplus.
This equipment is being declared surplus property according to SDCL Chapter 6-13.
Recommendation:
Staff recommends approval.
Attachments:
City of Brookings Printed on 4/19/2018Page 1 of 2
powered by Legistar™
File #:RES 18-025,Version:1
Resolution
City of Brookings Printed on 4/19/2018Page 2 of 2
powered by Legistar™
Resolution 18-025
Declaring Miscellaneous Equipment as Surplus Property
Whereas, the City of Brookings is the owner of the following described equipment:
City General: 4 - 2-door storage cabinets
Public Library: 16 wooden chairs, 1 green topped divided table, 8 green topped
wooden tables, 1 – Samsung Syncmaster 151V (15 inch) monitor, 1 – Viewsonic
VG 930m (20 inches) monitor, 1 – 2011 W7 Pro Acer Veriton VX275-UD5400C
Desktop (A2) Intel Pentium Dual-Core E5400 1 GB, 1 – 2006 W7 Gateway E4500
D (G60) Pentium Dual 930, 1 GB, 1 – 2007 W7 Gateway E4610D (G71) Intel Dual
Core 2 Duo E6400 1024 MB, 1 – 2013 HP LaserJet Enterprise 600 Printer, 1 – HP
Compaq dc 7900 Convertible Minitower (HP10)
Fire Dept.: 1200 gallon drop tank (approx. 25 years old); pressure washer with
self-contained heater (approx. 25 years old) (NOTE: water heater leaks and has
an electrical short); 2 – flood work lights; 1 – paint booth filter and pressure gauge;
1 - yard light; 1 – Durango center console; 2 – mini light bars; 1 – 1980’s GMC
truck grill; 1 – TV Mount; 4 – sheets of paneling; 2 – electric reels (no ends); 1 –
tool box; 1 – box of 8’ light bulbs; 4 – Humvee tires and rims; 1 – dually tire and
rim; 1 – water well pump and expansion tank; 2 – wood open storage shelves; 1 –
250 gallon galvanized water tank
Airport: 1 – 36” 2-drawer file cabinet; 2 – 6’ bookcases; 1 – 29” 2-drawer file
cabinet; 1 – 6’ desk with 3 drawers; 1 – 4’ desk
Parks, Recreation & Forestry Dept.: 1 - desktop organizer; 1 – 2-door cabinet; 1 –
2-shelf cabinet; 1 – wall-mounted cabinet; 1 – small table; 4 – metal desks; 1 –
small metal desk; 2 – tables; 1 – pedestal table; 1 – 3-shelf bookcase
Whereas, in the best financial interest, it is the desire of the City of Brookings to sell same as
surplus property; and
Whereas, the City Manager hereby authorized to sell said surplus property.
Now, Therefore, Be It Resolved by the governing body of the City of Brookings, South
Dakota, that this property be declared surplus property according to SDCL Chapter 6-13.
Passed and approved this 24th day of April, 2018.
CITY OF BROOKINGS
_______________________
Keith W. Corbett, Mayor
ATTEST:
___________________________
Shari Thornes, City Clerk
City of Brookings
Staff Report
Brookings City & County
Government Center, 520
Third Street
Brookings, SD 57006
(605) 692-6281 phone
(605) 692-6907 fax
File #:RES 18-031,Version:1
Action on Resolution 18-031, a Resolution authorizing the Brookings Summer Arts Festival
Committee to have exclusive use of Pioneer Park.
Recommendation:
Staff recommends approval.
Attachments:
Resolution
City of Brookings Printed on 4/19/2018Page 1 of 1
powered by Legistar™
Resolution 18-031
A Resolution authorizing the Brookings Summer Arts Festival
Committee to have Exclusive Use of Pioneer Park
Whereas, the Brookings Summer Arts Festival will be held in Pioneer Park on July 14-
15, 2018; and
Whereas, the Summer Arts Festival Committee has requested the exclusive use and
control of Pioneer Park and its facilities for said festival, plus additional days for
preparation and takedown; and
Whereas, the Summer Arts Festival Committee will provide evidence of liability
insurance coverage including the City of Brookings as named insured; and
Whereas, the Summer Arts Festival Committee has agreed to accept responsibility for
the conduct of the Summer Arts Festival on said premises.
Now Therefore Be It Hereby Resolved that the use of Pioneer Park and its facilities as a
public park shall terminate for the period of July 10 through July 17, 2018.
Be It Further Resolved, that the City Council does hereby grant the exclusive use of
Pioneer Park and its facilities during the Brookings Summer Arts Festival to the Summer
Arts Festival Committee.
Further, It Is Resolved, that the Summer Arts Festival Committee shall be responsible
for maintaining said facilities and cleaning them and returning them to the City of
Brookings in good condition following the festival.
Passed and approved this 24
th day of April, 2018.
CITY OF BROOKINGS
Keith W. Corbett, Mayor
ATTEST:
Shari Thornes, City Clerk
City of Brookings
Staff Report
Brookings City & County
Government Center, 520
Third Street
Brookings, SD 57006
(605) 692-6281 phone
(605) 692-6907 fax
File #:ID 2018-0203,Version:1
Action to abate the 2017 and 2018 Drainage Fees and Interest for Parcel Number 40625-00100-001-
00, SDSU, owner, located on Lot 1, Block 1, University First Addition in the City of Brookings, SD, in
the amount of $367.24.
Summary:
This motion will authorize Brookings County to abate the 2017 and 2018 Drainage Fees and Interest
in the amount of $367.24 for Parcel Number 40625-00100-001-00, which is a vacant lot located on
Lot 1, Block 1, University First Addition.
Background:
Parcel Number 40625-00100-001-00 is a vacant lot owned by South Dakota State University and
located on Lot 1, Block 1 in University First Addition, which is north of 1929 8th Street. The City and
County made changes to the drainage fee billing in 2017 where several fraternities were invoiced
directly for their building’s drainage fees instead of including them on SDSU’s invoice. In 2017, the
Alpha Gamma Rho Fraternity was incorrectly charged the drainage fee for this parcel, which should
have been charged to South Dakota State University. This motion will abate the 2017 and 2018
drainage fee and interest in the amount of $367.24 from this parcel, and the City will invoice SDSU
directly to make the correction.
Fiscal Impact:
None.
Recommendation:
Staff recommends approval.
Attachments:
Abatement Form
City of Brookings Printed on 4/19/2018Page 1 of 1
powered by Legistar™
City of Brookings
Staff Report
Brookings City & County
Government Center, 520
Third Street
Brookings, SD 57006
(605) 692-6281 phone
(605) 692-6907 fax
File #:ID 2018-0208,Version:1
Presentation of the Brookings Volunteer Firefighter Day Proclamation.
Attachments:
Proclamation
City of Brookings Printed on 4/19/2018Page 1 of 1
powered by Legistar™
Mayoral Proclamation
CITY OF BROOKINGS, SOUTH DAKOTA
WHEREAS: on April 5, 2018, the City of Brookings, the Brookings Fire Department and the
Brookings Volunteer Firefighters officially dedicate the new South Main Fire Station to
better serve the citizens of the City and County of Brookings; and
WHEREAS:Brookings Volunteer Firefighters are dedicated to volunteerism and
professionalism to enhance and elevate life safety in the City of Brookings and the
surrounding area; and
WHEREAS:in 2017, Brookings Volunteer Firefighters dedicated 10,551 hours of volunteer
service with 5,430 hours dedicated to training; and
WHEREAS:the City of Brookings, Brookings Fire Department and Brookings Volunteer
Firefighters continue to collaborate with emergency services and other like-minded
organizations to elevate both preparedness and response; and
WHEREAS:Brookings Volunteer Firefighters strive to create brotherhood, foster diversity
and generate inclusion, create a passion for lifelong volunteerism, and give back to the
community.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that I, Keith W. Corbett, Mayor of the City of
Brookings, do hereby proclaim April 24th to be:
BROOKINGS VOLUNTEER FIREFIGHTER DAY
and ask all citizens of Brookings to proudly recognize the Brookings Fire Department and the
Brookings Volunteer Firefighters for their continuous positive impact on the community.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF,I have hereunto set my hand, and caused to be affixed the Great
Seal of the City of Brookings, this 24th day of April, 2018.
____________________________
Keith W. Corbett, Mayor
City of Brookings
Staff Report
Brookings City & County
Government Center, 520
Third Street
Brookings, SD 57006
(605) 692-6281 phone
(605) 692-6907 fax
File #:RES 18-032,Version:1
Action on Resolution 18-032, a Resolution authorizing the purchase of an unmarked Police Vehicle.
Summary:
This action would purchase a 2018 Ford Taurus from the state bid list as an unmarked, administrative
vehicle for the Assistant Police Chief. This replaces a vehicle allowance which was previously paid to
a member of the police command staff.
Background:
Our police fleet was down one vehicle in 2017 from 2016 because we did not replace one car and
opted to pay a vehicle allowance to the Police Chief for a personal vehicle. This was budgeted in the
2017 and 2018 budgets. The Assistant Police Chief was provided a vehicle from the fleet. With the
change in top staffing, the Police Chief will retain the fleet vehicle when he was the Assistant Chief.
With a new Assistant Chief, it is preferable to have a fleet vehicle instead of paying a vehicle
allowance. This purchase would bring our fleet level to the same as 2016. The vehicle will be used
primarily by the Assistant Chief but also can be used as an unmarked/investigative vehicle and by
staff for travel training to Pierre or other locations without using a marked vehicle.
Fiscal Impact:
The 2018 Ford Taurus is the same as our marked squad cars and can be acquired from the state bid
listing for $28,267. Additional equipment for undercover lighting, dual band mobile radio and other
items is estimated at an additional $7,775. This would be financed from the Fund 212, Public Safety
Capital. There would be a reduction in Police Operating budget (Fund 101-421) of the monthly
vehicle allowance since it has not been expended in 2018.
Recommendation:
Staff recommends approval.
Attachments:
Resolution
City of Brookings Printed on 4/19/2018Page 1 of 1
powered by Legistar™
Resolution 18-032
Purchase of Police Vehicle
Whereas, the City of Brookings Police Department requests action to purchase
one (1) 2018 Ford Taurus from Einspahr Auto Plaza, Brookings, SD; and
Whereas, Einspahr Auto Plaza is Item #17148 for a 2018 Ford Taurus from the
South Dakota State Bid Authority; and
Whereas, the City of Brookings Police Department will purchase from Einspahr
Auto Plaza, Brookings, SD, one (1) 2018 Ford Taurus in the amount of
$28,267.00.
Now, Therefore, Be It Resolved that the contract from Einspahr Auto Plaza,
Brookings, SD in the amount of $28,267.00 be accepted.
Passed and approved this 24th day of April, 2018.
City of Brookings
__________________________
Keith W. Corbett, Mayor
ATTEST:
Shari Thornes, City Clerk
City of Brookings
Staff Report
Brookings City & County
Government Center, 520
Third Street
Brookings, SD 57006
(605) 692-6281 phone
(605) 692-6907 fax
File #:RES 18-034,Version:1
Action on Resolution 18-034, a Resolution Awarding Bids on 2018-08STI, Street Maintenance and
Overlay Project.
Summary:
This resolution will award a contract for 2018-08STI, Street Maintenance and Overlay Project to
Bowes Construction Inc. in the amount of $725,881.50.
Background:
This project is the annual street maintenance project which includes asphalt milling, digouts and
overlays on various streets in Brookings that are in need of repair. The streets identified for repair
this year include:
·32nd Avenue, north of Highway 14 Bypass: The work on this street will entail digouts, asphalt
pavement, and a new turn-around area on the north end of 32nd Avenue.
·3rd Avenue between Harvey Dunn Street and 11th Street: The work on this street will entail
milling along the curb, a two-inch asphalt overlay, concrete valley gutter, and “Bike Boulevard”
pavement markings.
·5th Street South between Medary Avenue and 17th Avenue South: The work on this street will
entail milling along the curb, a two-inch asphalt overlay and striping.
·Westminster Drive between Christine Avenue and Breckenridge Lane: The work along this
street will entail milling along the curb and a two-inch asphalt overlay.
·Breckenridge Lane between 12th Street South and Westminster Drive: The work along this
street will entail milling along the curb, and a two-inch asphalt overlay.
·20th Street South between Main Avenue South and 9th Avenue South: The work along this
street will entail milling along the curb, a two-inch asphalt overlay and striping.
·Eastbrook Drive and Sunrise Ridge Road between 6th Street and 22nd Avenue: The work
along these streets will entail milling along the curb, a two-inch asphalt overlay, curb and
gutter repair, new curb ramps at the intersections, and striping.
The bid letting for this project was held on Tuesday, April 17, 2018 and the City received the following
bids:
Bowes Construction Co., Inc., Brookings, SD:$725,881.50
Duininck, Inc., Prinsburg, MN:$841,328.45
The low bid is approximately 35% lower than the engineer’s estimate of $1,125,874.00. Several of
the bid items had a lower cost than last year’s bid prices including mobilization, milling and asphalt,
resulting in very competitive bid prices for this project.
Fiscal Impact:
The City will enter into a contract with Bowes Construction Co., Inc. for the low bid amount of
City of Brookings Printed on 4/19/2018Page 1 of 2
powered by Legistar™
File #:RES 18-034,Version:1
$725,881.50.
Recommendation:
Staff recommends approval.
Attachments:
Resolution
Map
City of Brookings Printed on 4/19/2018Page 2 of 2
powered by Legistar™
Resolution 18-034
Resolution Awarding Bids on Project 2018-08STI
Street Maintenance and Overlay Project
Whereas, the City of Brookings opened bids for Project 2018-08STI Street Maintenance
and Overlay Project on Tuesday, April 17, 2018 at 1:30 pm at the Brookings City &
County Government Center; and
Whereas, the City of Brookings has received the following bids for Project
2018-08STI Street Maintenance and Overlay project: Bowes Construction Co., Inc.:
$725,881.50, and Duininck Inc.: $841,328.45.
Now Therefore, Be It Resolved that the total low bid of $725,881.50 for Bowes
Construction Co., Inc. be accepted.
Passed and approved this 24th day of April, 2018.
CITY OF BROOKINGS
________________________________
Keith W. Corbett, Mayor
ATTEST:
_________________________
Shari Thornes, City Clerk
VAI L AVE
I N N O V A T ION D RWINDERME RE W A Y
10TH ST SPINE RIDGE RDDEER LN
16T H AVE
15TH AVE
12 T H A V E
STADIUM
RD
VINE ST3RD ST S4TH ST SFRANKLIN A V E
13TH STVICTORY ST1ST ST1ST ST1ST ST SARROWHEAD PASS17 T H AVEDAKOTA AVERESEARCH PK W Y
YORKSHIRE DR33 R D AVE
CR YS T A L R IDGE RDSO UT HLAND LNEASTBROOK DR19TH ST SDO RAL D R
UNIVERSITY BLVD11 T H AVE
W 2ND ST SRAILROAD ST3 2 ND AVE S
11TH STMO N ARCH LNFRONT STFRONT STYORKTOWN DRCA M ELO T DR
SQUIRE C T
CAN D LEWOOD LNW ESTE RN AVE ORIO LE T RL
W 1 6 TH AVEW 16T H A VE KING ARTHUR CT
PO W DERHORN PASSW US HWY 14 BYPLEGEROS DRPA M ELA DRONAKA TR L
HERITAGE DRNICOLE LN
M INNESOTA DR6TH ST20T H A V E
2 0TH AVE
1 4T H AVE
14TH AVE PARK AVEORCHARD DRDERDALL DR2 5 T H A VE
2 5 T H A V E
7TH ST1ST AVE S
CAMPANILE AVE
9TH ST9TH ST10TH ST13TH ST WN CAMPUS DR5TH ST SHUNTERS RIDGE RDPINEHURST DR2 ND A VE
M A I N A VEMAIN AVE
OHI O DRMAIN AVE S
10TH ST WI
N
D
I
AN HI L LS RDR E G ENCY CTREGENCY CT46T H A US HWY 143 2 N D A V E
W 8TH ST S13TH AVE13TH AVE
JAC K R A B BIT A V E
1ST AVE
5 T H AVE
SANTEE TRL7TH ST W2ND ST5TH STR A M PRAMPRAMPRAMP
RAMPR A M PRAMP
MORNINGSIDE DR8TH ST WMED A RY AVE
7T H AVE
6TH AVE
9T H A V E
CIRC LE D R
20TH ST S20TH ST S3 4TH A V E S
22ND AVE
FOREST STE L M AVE
US HWY 14 BYPU S H WY 1 4 B Y P U S HWY 14 BYPSIOUX TRL
MUSTANG PASS16TH AVE S
1 7 T H AVE S
3RD A VE S2ND ST SELMWOOD DRW US HW Y 14W U S H W Y 14W U S H W Y 14W U S H W Y 146TH ST WW 1 6 T H A V E S
LEFEV RE DR8TH ST S8TH ST SC A L UMET R D
TELLURIDE LNI I 2 9I 2 9I 29I 29I 2 9I 29I 2 9I 29
8TH AVE S
W 20TH ST S18TH STOLWIEN ST8TH ST6TH ST6TH ST6TH ST6TH ST6TH STOVERL OO K RIDG E RD34TH AVE
2 2 ND AVE S 5683JACKIE A.LANNINGCity of Brookings, SD2018-08STI20th Street South Overlay3rd Avenue Overlay& Valley Gutter2018-08STI Street Maintenance & Overlay Project5th Street South Overlay& Valley Gutter32nd Avenue Overlay32nd Avenue TurnaroundEastbrook & SunriseRidge Road Overlay(Sch B Banner)Westminster &Breckenridge Rd OverlayDate: 4-6-2018 Pg: 1 of 17
City of Brookings
Staff Report
Brookings City & County
Government Center, 520
Third Street
Brookings, SD 57006
(605) 692-6281 phone
(605) 692-6907 fax
File #:RES 18-035,Version:1
Action on Resolution 18-035, a Resolution Awarding Bids on 2018-09STI, Recreational Trail Overlay
Project.
Summary:
This resolution will award a contract for 2018-09STI, Recreational Trail Overlay Project to Bowes
Construction Inc. in the amount of $125,455.00.
Background:
The City of Brookings received a grant for the South Dakota Recreational Trails Program from the
South Dakota Department of Game, Fish and Parks for asphalt overlays on several recreational
paths in Brookings. The grant will fund 52% of the project cost, up to $83,325.00. The trails included
in the project are the following:
·Trail east of Main Avenue South to Medary Avenue South, then southerly along Medary
Avenue South to the Fishback Soccer Complex
·Trail along 22nd Avenue South, running south of 12th Street South and easterly along the
shelter belt
·Trails in Larson Park, east of 22nd Avenue South
The City held a bid letting for this project on Tuesday, April 17, 2018 and received the following bids:
Bowes Construction Co., Inc., Brookings, SD:$125,455.00
Duininck, Inc., Prinsburg, MN:$168,095.00
The low bid is approximately 21% lower than the engineer’s estimate of $159,650.00, primarily due to
lower asphalt prices than anticipated.
Fiscal Impact:
The City will enter into a contract with Bowes Construction Co., Inc. for the low bid amount of
$125,455.00. The City will be reimbursed approximately $65,236.60 by the SD Recreational Trails
Program grant.
Recommendation:
Staff recommends approval.
Attachments:
Resolution
Map
City of Brookings Printed on 4/19/2018Page 1 of 1
powered by Legistar™
Resolution 18-035
Resolution Awarding Bids on Project 2018-09STI
Recreational Trail Overlay Project
Whereas, the City of Brookings opened bids for Project 2018-09STI Recreational Trail
Overlay Project on Tuesday, April 17, 2018 at 1:30 pm at the Brookings City & County
Government Center; and
Whereas, the City of Brookings has received the following bids for Project
2018-09STI Recreational Trail Overlay project: Bowes Construction Co., Inc.:
$125,455.00, and Duininck Inc.: $168,095.00.
Now Therefore, Be It Resolved that the total low bid of $125,455.00 for Bowes
Construction Co., Inc. be accepted.
Passed and approved this 24th day of April, 2018.
CITY OF BROOKINGS
________________________________
Keith W. Corbett, Mayor
ATTEST:
_________________________
Shari Thornes, City Clerk
I 2 9I 2 9I 2 9 I 2 9I 2 9I 2 9
FRANKLIN AVE12TH ST SA R B O R R D G
2 2 N D A V E S
22 ND A VE S
LAUREL LNMONARCH LN4015 Ln.Ft. Asphalt Trail, 8 ft WideLand:OUTLOTS, S 1/2 OF NW 1/4 EXC.LOT H-2 &EXC 3M PARK ADDN., SEC. 31-110-4922ND AVENUE RIGHT-OF-WAY
EA STERN A VE S
TS U N R I S E R IDGE RD S
YORKSHIRE DREASTBROOK DRINSB ROOK L
OLWIEN ST21ST AVE S2 1ST A VE S
E R ID G E R D
GSIDE DR2 ND A VE
ELMWOOD DR22ND A VE S
22ND A VE S 3170 Ln.Ft. Asphalt Trail, 8 ft WideLand:INSBROOK PARK ADDN, LOT 7A, BLK 1
CHRGOLDENROD TRRPACTOLA CV17TH ST SFINCH CIRREMINGTONLNR A N G E R C I RY
TCIR
9 T H A V E S
OR IOL E TRL
E B E RL EIN DR
E B E R L E IN D RHUNTERS RIDGE RDM A I N A V E
MA I N A V E S
A I N A V E S 15TH ST S15TH ST S20TH S20TH ST S20TH ST SM E D A RY A V
MED A RY A V E S
DA R Y A VE S
SANTE E P A SS
SANTEE TRLCIL R ID G E RD
HALF MOON RDDEER PASSCA RDINA L DR
B UF F A L O T R L
S I OU X TRL
TRAIL RIDGEMUSTANG PASSC A L U M E T RD16TH ST S7 TH AVE S
5900 Ln.Ft. Asphalt Trail, 12 ft WideLand:MEDARY AVENUE RIGHT-OF-WAYMCCLEMANS ADDN, LOT 2, BLK 2MCCLEMANS ADDN, LOT 3, BLK 2MCCLEMANS ADDN, LOT 1, BLK 2PHEASANT NEST ADDN, LOT 10OUTLOTS, S 30' OF S 210' OF OLS 10-11EXC H-1 OF NE 1/4 35-110-50
City of Brookings
Staff Report
Brookings City & County
Government Center, 520
Third Street
Brookings, SD 57006
(605) 692-6281 phone
(605) 692-6907 fax
File #:RES 18-033,Version:1
Action on Resolution 18-033, a Resolution Awarding Bids on 2018-05SSI, Viaduct Drainage
Improvement Project.
Summary:
This resolution will award bids for 2018-05SSI, Viaduct Drainage Improvement Project to VJ Ahlers
Excavating for the low bid of $399,568.00.
Background:
The Viaduct Drainage Improvement Project is located on 6th Avenue South between 1st Street South
and 2nd Street as shown on the attached map. This drainage project is a prioritized drainage project
on the Capital Improvement Plan and was designed by Banner Associates. The work will include
installing new storm sewer pipe and inlets, concrete pavement, lighted flood warning system and
articulated concrete mattress to stabilize the embankment on the east side of 6th Avenue South. The
articulated concrete mattress will provide stability of the slope at a lower cost than a retaining wall
and a picture is attached.
The City held a bid letting at 1:30 PM on Tuesday, April 3, 2018 at the Brookings City & County
Government Center and the following bids were received:
VJ Ahlers Excavating, Brookings, SD:$399,568.00
Deboer Construction, Clear Lake, SD:$409,927.75
Meyer Services, Inc., Volga, SD:$459,707.00
The low bid of VJ Ahlers Excavating was approximately 16% higher than the Banners Associates
Engineer’s Estimate of $345,000. The higher pricing was primarily due to higher costs for the flood
warning system and mobilization than anticipated. This project will be funded by the Storm Drainage
Budget.
Fiscal Impact:
The City will enter into a contract with VJ Ahlers Excavating for the low bid amount of $399,568.00.
Recommendation:
Staff recommends approval.
Attachments:
Resolution
Map
Articulated Concrete Mattress picture
City of Brookings Printed on 4/19/2018Page 1 of 1
powered by Legistar™
Resolution 18-033
Resolution Awarding Bids for
2018-05SSI Viaduct Drainage Improvement Project
Whereas, the City of Brookings opened bids for 2018-05SSI Viaduct Drainage
Improvement Project on Tuesday, April 3, 2018 at 1:30 pm at the Brookings City &
County Government Center; and
Whereas, the City of Brookings has received the following bids for 2018-05SSI Viaduct
Drainage Improvement Project: VJ Ahlers Excavating - $399,568.00, Deboer
Construction – $409,927.75 and Meyer Services, Inc. - $459,707.00.
Now Therefore, Be It Resolved that the low bid of $399,568.00 from VJ Ahlers
Excavating be accepted.
Passed and approved this 24th day of April, 2018.
CITY OF BROOKINGS
________________________________
Keith W. Corbett, Mayor
ATTEST:
_________________________
Shari Thornes, City Clerk
" concrete" grass24 " " " " " " " " 8" PVC2 4 " cla y
18" RCP
1 8 " RCP 1ST ST5TH A V E S
6TH A V E S
7 T H A V E S
8T H A V E S3RD ST3RD ST1ST ST S2ND ST3RD AVE7 T H AVE
8 TH AVE
OLSOM STMAIN AVEM A I N A V E S 2ND ST S2ND ST SProject Area
" grass24" PVC24" PVC4" P VC15" PVC1 8 " R C P
18" RCP18" RCP1ST ST S6T6TH A VE substationSE cut slopeExisting storm MH & retaining wallExisting D.I. boxExisting D.I. boxExisting storm junctionPip e flow
S ur f ace f low Surfa ce flo wPipe flow
City of Brookings
Staff Report
Brookings City & County
Government Center, 520
Third Street
Brookings, SD 57006
(605) 692-6281 phone
(605) 692-6907 fax
File #:ORD 18-006,Version:1
Introduction and First Reading on Ordinance 18-006, an Ordinance rezoning the S 105’ of Lot 2,
Block 7, Morehouse Addition (907 8th Street); S 105’ of Lot 3, Block 7, Morehouse Addition (911 8th
Street); S 105’ of Lot 4, Block 7, Morehouse Addition (915 8th Street) from Residence R-2 Two-Family
District to Business B-2A Office District. Public Hearing: May 8, 2018.
Summary:
South Dakota State University Foundation is requesting to rezone three (3) lots in order to use the
property for parking.
Background:
The property is located along 8th Street immediately west of the SDSU Foundation building and is
currently zoned R-2 within the University Historic District. The SDSU Foundation building expansion
was constructed in 2016, which resulted in the loss of parking area. The university would like to
relocate the two (2) existing homes on the property and construct a parking lot to better meet the
parking demands.
The general area includes a mix of single-family, two-family, multi-family and university offices uses.
The 2020 Comprehensive Plan recommends nodes of business development around major
intersections such as Medary and 8th Street. The plan also seeks to provide a variety of
complimentary uses and districts. While there will be encroachment of a parking lot into a residential
neighborhood, the Zoning Ordinance has requirements to help mitigate negative impacts. The
ordinance requires a landscape buffer from any abutting residential district and any development,
including a parking lot, would need to be in compliance with the landscaping regulations. A site plan
for the parking lot will be reviewed by City staff to ensure the 25 foot residential buffer and
landscaping requirements are met.
Planning Commission Recommendation:
The Planning Commission voted 5-0 to recommend approval of the rezoning request on April 3,
2018.
Findings of Fact:
1. The Vision 2020 Comprehensive Plan supports a mix of compatible uses near major intersections.
2. The B-2A District is the least intensive business district and it is designed to be a transition zone
between residential and more intensive business uses.
Attachments:
Ordinance
Planning Commission Minutes 4/3/2018
Revised Notice 3/23/2018
City of Brookings Printed on 4/19/2018Page 1 of 2
powered by Legistar™
File #:ORD 18-006,Version:1
Notice 3/20/2018
Area Map
Rezoning Map
B-2A District
Applicant Letter
Site Plan
City of Brookings Printed on 4/19/2018Page 2 of 2
powered by Legistar™
Ordinance 18-006
An Ordinance to change the Zoning within the City of Brookings
Be It Ordained by the City of Brookings, South Dakota:
Section 1. That the real estate situated in the City of Brookings, County of Brookings, State
of South Dakota, described as follows, to-wit:
S 105’ of Lot 2, Block 7, Morehouse Addition; S 105’ of Lot 3, Block 7, Morehouse
Addition; S 105’ of Lot 4, Block 7, Morehouse Addition
Be and the same is hereby rezoned and reclassified from Residence R-2 Two-
Family District to Business B-2A Office District
In accordance with Section 94-7 of Article I of the Code of Ordinances of Brookings, South
Dakota, as said districts are more fully set forth and described in Articles III and IV,
Chapter 94 of the City of Brookings, South Dakota.
Section 2. The permitted use of the property heretofore described be and the same is
hereby altered and changed in accordance herewith pursuant to Articles III and IV,
Chapter 94 of the City of Brookings, South Dakota.
Section 3. All sections and ordinances in conflict herewith are hereby repealed.
First Reading:April 24, 2018
Second Reading and Adoption:May 8, 2018
Published:
CITY OF BROOKINGS, SD
________________________
Keith W. Corbett, Mayor
ATTEST:
_________________________
Shari Thornes, City Clerk
Planning Commission
Brookings, South Dakota
April 3, 2018
OFFICIAL MINUTES
Chairperson Greg Fargen called the regular meeting of the City Planning Commission
to order on Tuesday, April 3, 2018, at 5:30 PM in the Chambers Room #310 on the third
floor of the City & County Government Center. Members present were Tanner Aiken,
James Drew, Gregg Jorgenson, Lee Ann Pierce, Kristi Tornquist, Eric Rasmussen, and
Fargen. Alan Johnson and Charles Siver were absent. Also present were City Planner
Staci Bungard, Community Development Director Mike Struck, City Engineer Jackie
Lanning, Barb Teal Director of Operations of the SDSU Foundation, and others.
Aiken and Tornquist recused themselves.
Item #5a – South Dakota State University has submitted a petition to rezone the S105’
of Lot 2, Block 7, Morehouse Addition (907 8th Street); S105’ of Lot 3, Block 7,
Morehouse Addition (911 8th Street); S105’ of Lot 4, Block 7, Morehouse Addition (915
8th Street) from Residence R-2, Two-Family District to Business B-2A Office District.
(Pierce/Jorgenson) Motion to approve the rezone request. All present voted aye.
MOTION CARRIED.
OFFICIAL SUMMARY
Item #5a – This is a rezone request for three properties along 8th Street, immediately
west of the SDSU Foundation. The university will relocate the houses and use these
lots to construct a parking lot to better meet the parking demands. Due to a recent
addition to the Foundation building, a parking shortage has resulted. The zoning
ordinance does have regulations to mitigate the effect of a parking lot abutting a
residential district. The ordinance does require a landscape buffer between any
residential district and a parking lot. The site plan for the parking lot will be reviewed by
city staff to ensure that the 25 foot buffer is implemented and the landscaping
regulations are followed.
Pierce asked what other uses would be allowed in the B-2A zone if the Foundation were
to change their minds down the road. Does the Commission have the ability to limit the
use to just a parking lot? Bungard stated that the commission cannot limit the uses.
Pierce also wondered if trees would be required in this parking lot based on the new
landscape ordinance? Bungard stated yes, the City will require tree plantings based on
the impervious area. Drew wondered if the three lots together would total more than an
acre? Staff stated no.
Pierce inquired if the Foundation owned the property located on the southeast corner.
Teal stated no.
If you require assistance, alternative formats and/or accessible locations consistent with the Americans with Disabilities Act,
please contact the City ADA Coordinator at 692-6281 at least 48 hours prior to the meeting.
Published ______ time(s) at an approximate cost of $ _____________.
REVISED NOTICE OF HEARING
UPON PETITION TO REZONE
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN That South Dakota State University Foundation
submitted a petition to rezone the following described real estate in the City of Brookings
and Brookings County, South Dakota:
S 105’ of Lot 2, Block 7, Morehouse Addition (907 8th Street); S 105’ of Lot 3,
Block 7, Morehouse Addition (911 8th Street); S 105’ of Lot 4, Block 7,
Morehouse Addition (915 8th Street) from Residence R-2 Two-Family District
to Business B-2A Office District
NOTICE IS FURTHER GIVEN That said request will be acted on by the City
Planning Commission at 5:30 PM on Tuesday, April 3, 2018, in the Chambers Room on
the third floor of the Brookings City & County Government Center at 520 Third Street,
Brookings, South Dakota. Any action taken by the City Planning Commission is a
recommendation to the City Council.
Any person interested may appear and be heard in this matter.
Dated this 26
th day of March, 2018.
____________________________
Staci Bungard
City Planner
If you require assistance, alternative formats and/or accessible locations consistent with the Americans with Disabilities Act,
please contact the City ADA Coordinator at 692-6281 at least 48 hours prior to the meeting.
Published ______ time(s) at an approximate cost of $ _____________.
NOTICE OF HEARING
UPON PETITION TO REZONE
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN That South Dakota State University Foundation
submitted a petition to rezone the following described real estate in the City of Brookings
and Brookings County, South Dakota:
S 105’ of Lot 2, Block 7, Morehouse Addition (907 8th Street); S 105’ of Lot 3,
Block 7, Morehouse Addition (911 8th Street); S 105’ of Lot 4, Block 7,
Morehouse Addition (915 8th Street)
NOTICE IS FURTHER GIVEN That said request will be acted on by the City
Planning Commission at 5:30 PM on Tuesday, April 3, 2018, in the Chambers Room on
the third floor of the Brookings City & County Government Center at 520 Third Street,
Brookings, South Dakota. Any action taken by the City Planning Commission is a
recommendation to the City Council.
Any person interested may appear and be heard in this matter.
Dated this 23
rd day of March, 2018.
____________________________
Staci Bungard
City Planner
8T H ST9TH AVESDSU Foundation Map
Legend
Property ²
8TH ST
7TH ST 9TH AVE8TH AVE9TH ST
MEDARY AVE11TH AVE9TH ST
SDSU Foundation Area Zoning Map
Legend
Property
Zoning
A
B-2A
R-2
R-3 ²
R-2 to B-2A
Sec. 94-133. - Business B-2A office district.
(a) Intent.This district is intended to provide for a mixture of office and other compatible and
complimentary uses. This district is intended to be located in close proximity to commercial uses or
used as a transitional zone between commercial and residential uses. An emphasis shall be placed
on landscaping and site arrangement.
(b) Scope of regulations.The regulations set forth in this section or set forth elsewhere in this chapter,
when referred to in this section, are the district regulations of the Business B-2A office district.
(c) Permitted uses.
(1) Office building.
(2) Funeral home or mortuary.
(3) Broadcast station or studio.
(d) Permitted special uses.A building or premises may be used for the following purposes in
conformance with the conditions prescribed herein:
(1) Service store or hair salon.
a. Floor area shall not exceed 2,000 square feet.
b. No tanning beds shall be allowed in conjunction with these uses.
(2) Personal health service.
a. Hospital not allowed.
(3) Coffee house.
a. Floor area of the use shall not exceed 1,000 square feet.
(e) Conditional uses.
(1) Home occupation.
(2) Mixed business/residential use.
(3) Financial services.
(4) Community center.
(5) Broadcast tower.
(f) Density, area, yard and height regulations.The B-2A district regulations are as follows:
Density
Sq. Ft.
Min. Lot
Area
Sq. Ft.
Min. Lot
Width
Min.
Front
Yard
Min. Side
Yard
Min. Rear
Yard
Max.
Height
All uses 25 feet * 20 feet* 35 feet
*A 25-foot landscaped area shall be required between an abutting residential district boundary line
and any structure, access drive, parking lot or other accessory use.
(g) Accessory uses.Accessory uses and building permitted in the B-2A district are buildings and uses
customarily incidental to any of the permitted uses in the district.
(h) Parking regulations.Parking, loading and stacking within the B-2A district shall be in conformance
with the regulations set forth in division 4 of article VI of this chapter.
(i) Sign regulations.Signs within the B-2A district shall be in conformance with the regulations set forth
in division 5 of article VI of this chapter.
(j) Other regulations.Development within the B-2A district shall be in conformance with the regulations
set forth in article II of this chapter.
(Ord. No. 21-03, 8-26-2003; Ord. No. 07-07, § I, 2-27-2007; Ord. No. 04-12, § 1, 3-27-2012)
City of Brookings
Staff Report
Brookings City & County
Government Center, 520
Third Street
Brookings, SD 57006
(605) 692-6281 phone
(605) 692-6907 fax
File #:ORD 18-007,Version:1
Introduction and First Reading on Ordinance 18-007, an Ordinance rezoning Bluegill Third Addition
from A, Agricultural District and Residence R-1C Single-Family District to Residence R-1D Single-
Family District. Public Hearing: May 8, 2018.
Summary:
The applicant is seeking approval of a rezoning request for the land contained within Bluegill Third
Addition for the purpose of future residential development. A Preliminary Plat for a portion of the area
will be reviewed at the time of Second Reading of Ordinance by the City Council.
Background:
The property is located east of Bluegill 2nd Addition and is currently vacant. The general area is
residential in nature. The rezoning request would allow for the construction of residential homes in a
future phase of development. The property north of 23rd Street South was included on a Preliminary
Plat approved on May 23, 2016 and the land was rezoned from Agricultural to R-1C on July 14, 2016.
The remainder of the property is zoned Agricultural. The R-1C and R-1D District are very similar as
they both allow for single-family residential development; however the R-1D allows for slightly smaller
lot sizes and reduced setbacks.
Findings of Fact:
1. The Vision 2020 Comprehensive Plan shows this land area for future residential development.
This request is consistent with the approved Comprehensive Plan.
2. City utilities are available to the property.
3. The rezoning request provides for a logical extension of residential land and fits with the
surrounding land uses and zoning districts.
Planning Commission Recommendation:
The Planning Commission voted 7-0 to recommend approval of the rezoning request on April 3,
2018.
Attachments:
Ordinance
Planning Commission Minutes 4/3/2018
Notice
Rezoning Map
Rezoning Exhibit
R-1C District
R-1D District
City of Brookings Printed on 4/19/2018Page 1 of 1
powered by Legistar™
Ordinance 18-007
An Ordinance to change the Zoning within the City of Brookings
Be It Ordained by the City of Brookings, South Dakota:
Section 1. That the real estate situated in the City of Brookings, County of Brookings, State
of South Dakota, described as follows, to-wit:
Bluegill Third Addition
Be and the same is hereby rezoned and reclassified from A, Agricultural District
and Residence R-1C Single-Family District to Residence R-1D Single-Family
District
In accordance with Section 94-7 of Article I of the Code of Ordinances of Brookings, South
Dakota, as said districts are more fully set forth and described in Articles III and IV,
Chapter 94 of the City of Brookings, South Dakota.
Section 2. The permitted use of the property heretofore described be and the same is
hereby altered and changed in accordance herewith pursuant to Articles III and IV,
Chapter 94 of the City of Brookings, South Dakota.
Section 3. All sections and ordinances in conflict herewith are hereby repealed.
First Reading: April 24, 2018
Second Reading and Adoption: May 8, 2018
Published:
CITY OF BROOKINGS, SD
________________________
Keith W. Corbett, Mayor
ATTEST:
_________________________
Shari Thornes, City Clerk
Planning Commission
Brookings, South Dakota
April 3, 2018
OFFICIAL MINUTES
Chairperson Greg Fargen called the regular meeting of the City Planning Commission to
order on Tuesday, April 3, 2018, at 5:30 PM in the Chambers Room #310 on the third floor of
the City & County Government Center. Members present were Tanner Aiken, James Drew,
Gregg Jorgenson, Lee Ann Pierce, Kristi Tornquist, Eric Rasmussen, and Fargen. Alan
Johnson and Charles Siver were absent. Also present were City Planner Staci Bungard,
Community Development Director Mike Struck, City Engineer Jackie Lanning, Barb Teal
Director of Operations of the SDSU Foundation,
and others.
Aiken and Tornquist returned to the Commission.
Item #5b –Bluegill Inc has submitted a petition to rezone all of Bluegill Third Addition from A,
Agricultural District and Residence R-1C Single-Family District to Residence R-1D Single-
Family District. (23rd Street South & Ace Avenue.)
(Aiken/Jorgenson) Motion to approve the rezone request. All present voted aye. MOTION
CARRIED.
OFFICIAL SUMMARY
Item #5b – This is a rezoning request in the Bluegill 3rd Addition for future residential
development. A preliminary plat will be reviewed simultaneously with this rezoning request.
This property is located east of Bluegill 2nd Addition and is vacant. The general area is
residential in nature. The rezoning request will allow for a future phase of development. A
preliminary plat was approved for a portion of this land in May of 2016 and was rezoned from
Ag to R-1C. The R-1C and R-1D Districts are similar as they both allow for single family
residential. However, the R-1D District calls for slightly smaller lot areas and setbacks.
Rasmussen questioned why Lucerne Avenue isn’t extended north on the Preliminary Plat but
it is on the Final Plat. Bungard explained that the City Council required the extension of this
right of way on the preliminary plat.
Tornquist is wondering why there isn’t any requirements for drainage. Lanning explained that
this is a rezone request and typically drainage isn’t a requirement during a rezone request,
but will be reviewed with the platting.
Jorgenson wondered if there would be a benefit to keeping this area zoned R-1C since the
lots to the west are zoned R-1C. Bungard explained that the R-1D district has slightly
different setbacks and the lot square footage requirement is similar. Tornquist questioned “if
this rezone request is approved, the developer could possibly have alot more lots?” Bungard
stated that they could, but based on the upcoming preliminary plat, that isn’t going to be the
intent of the developer.
If you require assistance, alternative formats and/or accessible locations consistent with the Americans with Disabilities Act,
please contact the City ADA Coordinator at 692-6281 at least 48 hours prior to the meeting.
Published ______ time(s) at an approximate cost of $ _____________.
NOTICE OF HEARING
UPON PETITION TO REZONE
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN That Bluegill Inc. submitted a petition to rezone the
following described real estate in the City of Brookings and Brookings County, South
Dakota:
All of Bluegill Third Addition from A, Agricultural District and Residence R-1C
Single-Family District to Residence R-1D Single-Family District. (23rd Street
South & Ace Avenue)
NOTICE IS FURTHER GIVEN That said request will be acted on by the City
Planning Commission at 5:30 PM on Tuesday, April 3
rd, 2018, in the Chambers Room on
the third floor of the Brookings City & County Government Center at 520 Third Street,
Brookings, South Dakota. Any action taken by the City Planning Commission is a
recommendation to the City Council.
Any person interested may appear and be heard in this matter.
Dated this 23
rd day of March, 2018.
____________________________
Staci Bungard
City Planner
Brookings County, SD
Rezoning Bluegill Third Addition
509 ft
Legend
Brookings City
Limits
City Limits
Township Boundary
Sections
Parcels
Roads
Ag to R-1D
R-1C to R-1D
2
2
3
3 4
5 4
6 5
7
6 8
9 7
L-------
10 8
\2
-
SHEET 1 OF 2
2
3
4
5
PLAT OF
23RD STREET SOUTH; CASCADE CIRCLE; LUCERNE AVENUE; LUCERNE CIRCLE;
GREY GOOSE STREET; AND ACE AVENUE RIGHT OF WAYS
IN BLUEGILL 2ND ADDITION AND BLUEGILL 3RD ADDITION ALL IN THE NE1/4 OF SECTION 1-T109N-:-R50W OF THE 5TH
P.M., IN THE CITY OF BROOKINGS, BROOKINGS COUNTY, SOUTH DAKOTA
8
N1320" OF N1350" EXC. W 312' & EXC. E1128.5' & EXC. OL'S 2 & 3 EXC. N 40' THEREIN OF NE1/4 SEC. 1-T109N-R50W
S30' OF N1350' EXC. W312' & EXC. E1128.5' OF NE1/4 SEC.1-T109N-R50W,
.---
BLUEGILL 2ND ADDITION
-�
0 �
N8a·o2•24•e Naa·o2•24"e
-150.18' --199.BT -
--" ... o 2l ..J
-. --
N8a·o2•24•e
345.79' 23RD ST.S. 20,724± S.F.
N1320' OF N1350' OF E1128.5' EXC. N40' & EXC. OL 1 & EXC. PART OF LOT 1 RICHARD PRICE ADDITION IN NE1/4 SEC. 1-T109N-R50W
S30' OF N1350'
RICHARD PRICE ADDITION IN NE1/4 SEC. 1-T109N-R50W
LOT 1 RICHARD PRICE 1ST ADDITION
OF E1128.5' EXC. PART QF LOT 1
1�
N88°02'24"..=EC.--:",-----t-----
-· 383.52' •
Lo 1
BLUEGILL 3RD ADDITION
\
I I I I
0
20623-00-08
G
GEO DETIC BEARING
100' 200'
SCALE: 1" = 200'
--n_ i 2l -_-_23RD ST._: L---;2:.::3:..:R=-D �S_T_. sr·--i--7r-o:_:L:.:.1 (;[660'��'1 ----Y l I
�o· \
� ·-345.03'
saa·o2•24-w
-,
\
18
24TH ST. S . CIRCLE
12 �-
--
4
3
4
15
CURVE#
C1
C2
C3
C4
cs
C6
C7
CB
cs
C10
C11
C12
;i:: r�·W �� d . �}8 ! � 'II""..... (J +I 2 �� '·<a:>.! . g�<
(),I-
�,§>
c12
BLUEGILL 2ND ADDITION
CURVE TABLE ARC LENGTH RADIUS CHORD LENGTH
187.05' 370.00' 185.06'
234.7T 530.00' 232.85'
17.72' 530.00' 17.72'
175.25' 60.00' 119.27'
138.91' 60.00' 109.90'
186.43' 470.00' 185.21'
201.85' 530.00' 200.63'
314.16' 60.00' 60.00'
180.83' 470.00' 179.72'
30.65' 470.00' 30.64'
215.82' 430.00' 213.56'
314.16' 60.00' 60.00'
o.VI -w . L-----r _____ _, LOT2A J :, LL. z rn w -H t; � RICHARD PRICE 1ST ADDITION LEGEND
., (.)
NB8°02•24•e \[J\ 27.61' J l)l{1P ..,""� -�(\\ - -NE C\RC\ 1:-'0 .* \.I.IC�2Q:1:S.F-V� $ e:I 2 , :::::--p._o.VI -
BLUEGILL 3RD ADDITION
� r Ci
Naa·o2•24•e J � L-N88"02'24"E
248.90'
� � w "'. ��
60' R.O.W.
...."'"' ..,. "'� �
21.51• -I�"' GREY GOOSE ST. \-l----t\!?��-�71if6,°'f77�0±�Sj.F,=_ �11 SE1/4 NE1/4
-�C3 I 60' I 310.11'
sa5•02•24-w
EXCLUDING W44' THEREOF AND EXCLUDING N30' AND EXCLUDING THE E300' THEREOF AND EXCLUDING PLATTED AREAS SEC.1-T109N-R50W CHO RD BEARING
s14•5703•e
s15•44•35•e
S3°23'43"W
s2a·o1•4rw
N1°58'13"W
N7"00'37"W
sn·o7'45"W
N1"5T36"W
Nn"01'04"E
N27"33'54"W
N15"03'17"W
S88"11'35"W
··-··
Line Table LINE# LENGTH
L1 84.96'
L2 110.00'
L3 60.00'
L4 110.00'
L5 110.00'
L6 60.00'
L7 60.00'
1/4 LINE
SE1/4 EXCLUDING E300' OF N940' THEREOF AND EXCLUDING S1700' THEREOF SEC. 1-T109N-R50W
DIRECTION
S88"02'24"W
N1°57'36"W
N88°02•24•e
N1"57'36"W
N1"57'36"W
NB8°02•24•e
N2 °40'57"W
saa·2T41"W
1313.75'
---' 1 I
I
I
I
\
0 • MONUMENT FOUND MONUMENT SET THIS SURVEY (5/8" REBA R WITH
STAMPED PLASTIC CAP#10957) NEW UTILITY EA S EMENT (UE) EXI STING UTILITY EASEMENT
\ SE1/4 NE1/4 E300' SE1/4 NE1/4 1,111111111,1 I EXCLUDINGPLATTED AREA 1111 cSSION,1 111, SEC. 1-T109N-R50W �'6oG' t-"'L I 111 I ,7_ '"" ••••••••••• '-4� ... , I � <:::> •• tG. No •• <:? .:,. � _'-iJ •• � • . •• ll'�I §§ :·10957 \ � � •(,I")··.c::::-:1-: AU STI N L. : r,: _c:..:,. ·:-<•• w i-!1�. J O
-'
HNSON / .::o :
• S'.---wr--• • � -... :hr,;_ • --:�-..,;- � ... . ,� .. ]�#•,,L2-
1
-
,J�... . .. ,,
PREPARED BY: --BANNER ASSOCIATES, INC. 409 22nd AVE. S. BROOKINGS, SD 57006 (605) 692-6342 DECEMBER 2016
R-1C to R-1D
Ag to R-1D
Ag to R-1D
Rezoning Exhibit for Bluegill Third Addition
Ag to R-1DI
20623-00-08
SURVEYOR'S CERTIFICATE I, Austin L. Johnson, a Professional Land Surveyor in the State of South Dakota, do hereby certify that I did, on or before October 17, 2016, at the request of the owner(s) listed hereon, survey a portion of that parcel of land described as BLUEGILL 2ND ADDITION AND BLUEGILL 3RD ADDITION; AND THE SE1/4 OF THE NE1/4 OF SECTION 1-T109N-R50W OF THE 5TH P.M., IN THE CITY OF BROOKINGS, BROOKINGS COUNTY, SOUTH DAKOTA, and platted the same as shown on the above plat. A portion of the same shall hereafter be known and described as 23RD STREET SOUTH; CASCADE CIRCLE; LUCERNE AVENUE; LUCERNE CIRCLE; GREY GOOSE STREET; AND ACE AVENUE RIGHT OF WAYS IN BLUEGILL 2ND ADDITION AND BLUEGILL 3RD ADDITION ALL IN THE NE1/4 OF SECTION 1-T109N-R50W OF THE 5TH P.M.1 IN THE CITY OF BROOKINGS. BROOKINGS COUNTY. SOUTH DAKOTA. I have surveyed the tract of land shown, and to the best of my knowledge and b_ellef, said plat is an accurate representation of said survl. IN WI_TNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and seal this / ;.). rl-1 day of Dec e J/Vl h-e ( , 20 { . .
OWNER'S CERTIFICATE
u j Professional Land Surveyor Registration No. 1 0957 Brookings, South Dakota 57006 "J:elephone (605) 692-6342
We, Blueglll Inc., owners of a tract of land shown in the above plat, hereby certify that we did authorize and do join In and approve the above survey and plat, and that the development of this land shall conform to all existing applicable zoning, subdivision and erosion and sediment control regulations. There is hereby granted to the City of Brookings, or to the holder of any utility franchise, an easement al the locations shown in the above plat for the purpose of installing and maintaining any utility line. Any land shown in the above plat and designated as a street, road, alley, park or public ground is hereby dedicated to public use as such forever, but such dedication shall not be construed to be a donation of the fee of such land. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, we have executed this Owner's Certificate this ,20 -1iz_.
STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA COUNTY OF BROOKINGS } SS On this day, before me, the undersigned, a Notary Public, within and for the State and County aforesaid, personally appeared Janet K. Mendel and Wade A. Price an "' knowledged that they, rs cretary and President of Bluegill Inc., being authorized so to do, executed the foregoing Owner's Certificate for the purpose therein contained. IN w1T��Mlflll��[§�r,lnf�sl'i��1-11l1�-:.,jr��¼t&-�v"@1 Ot c fvn VJ e v . 20 �. • t7t[J� f LAURIE S. RI-\S1\7 J0,:, -N ,r f.�"\ NOT1\llV r)uauc /��'\ j ( 1 --11 ,_. )-o
S ��) SOISfH DA;\OTA V_,,� s f My Commission f.l<pires 6/17/2020 J OWNER'S CERTIFICATE We, J�et;Hi,ta,fttl\wf-a"rftl-..!lde}M�ri'delf'ot-JFie"r11�j!,if"ff116Pc:h-1and shown in the above plat, hereby certify that we did authorize and do join in and approve the above survey and plat, and that the development of this land shall conform to all existing applicable zoning, subdlvision and erosion and secjiment control regulations. There is hereby granted to the City of Brookings, or to the holder of any utility franchise, an easement at the locations shown in the above plat for the purpose of installing and maintaining any utility line. Any land shown in the above plat 11ncj designated as a street, road, alley, park or public ground is hereby dedicated to public use as such forever, but such dedication shall not be construed to be a donation of the fee of such land. \ c-----lN WITNESS WHEREOF, we have executed this Owner's Certificate this �-.:2�_day of
STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA } COUNTY OF BROOKINGS SS
�K� v��✓A/ �-M/ el
On this day, before me, the undersigne. d, a Notary Pul;>lic, within and for the State and County aforesaid, personally appeared Janet K. Mendel and Joe Mendel a�d ac owl dged that they, as owne�s. eing authorized so to do, executed the foregoing Owner's Certificate �he purpose therein contained. t / n ,
;S· 11¥��!f'i;iv"�fi1�}9):/1jw.slfA!:".;f,tt1$�*_��jay of a e ce vY10r V '20 \ii. /"'/\ . .711 t�, LAUHIE S. H/\SMUS0 ' --·�--�----�=--------------------=::::..-.. l''()"T-� I::,'{ f'.>LJ"ll ,,-, .. '.- • Notary Pubh� _ 1 ,..,.. '(1 � 'oJ: $!:;AL) "·-I, ' . i:, .IC (_�::;_,;;�-:._}-...L'\ J' • My Comm1ss1on Expires V ti" ,J_ -� SOUTH D/\KOTA � .I'$My Commission EJ<pires 6/i7/2020 $+c.�..,��'-}'½t�\',�,i,..½'-;('!lt.��}t;�'½--1-CITY MANAGER'S CERTIFICATE WHEREAS, Blueglll Inc., and Janet K. Mendel and Joe Mendel, owners of the hereinafter described real property have submitted a proposed Plat of 23RD STREET SOUTH; CASCADE CIRCLE; LUCERNE AVENUE; LUCERNE CIRCLE; GREY GOOSE STREET; AND ACE AVENUE RIGHT OF WAYS IN BLUEGILL 2ND ADDITION AND BLUEGILL 3RD ADDITION ALL IN THE NE1/4 OF SECTION 1-T109N-R50W OF THE 5TH P.M., IN THE CITY OF BROOKINGS. BROOKINGS COUNTY. SOUTH DAKOTA, and whereas the City Manager of said City, being the duly authorized administrative official authorized to approve plats, has examined the proposed plat and it appears that all municipal taxes and special assessments, if any, upon said plat and survey, have been executed according to law and further declares that access to the public streets as shown hereon, subject to all applicable municipal ordinances, is hereby granted except as may be designated "no access" on the attached plat. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED THAT said plat and survey by and are hereby In all things accepted and approved . .,.... DATED THIS Q� -DAY OF �� �'it-, 20 �-
CITY CLERK'S CERTIFICATE
City Manager, City of Brookings, South Dakota ( -4�,vq)
/}; I 'I I DIRECTOR OF EQUALIZATIONl,, ___ D� ___ [_,_s ___ �L--__ 1_/_ LI_ �0 _____ . Director of Equalization, Brookings County, South Dakota, do hereby certify that a copy of the above plat has
I, � .\(' ,¥•1 51 ) s--eitd records in my office, have been paid in fullv
ST A TE OF SOUTH DAKOTA } COUNTY OF BROOKINGS SS
Filed for record this __!J__ day of --S-� . A.O., 20 J1__ at
SHEET 2 OF 2
COUNTY FINANCE CERTIFICATE
REGISTER OF DEEDS
?5 1 () ◊ o'clock _/J__ .m., and recorded in Book 3 ) of Plats on page __ _,_ ___ therein.
Sec. 94-125.5. - Residence R-1C single-family.
(a) Intent.This district is intended to provide for areas of residential use with a gross density of
approximately six dwelling units per acre or less. The district permits single-family dwellings and
supportive community facilities, such as parks, playgrounds, schools, and churches.
(b) Scope of regulations.The regulations set forth in this chapter or set forth elsewhere in this title,
when referred to in this section, are the district regulations of the Residence R-1C single-family
district.
(c) Permitted uses.
(1) Single-family dwelling including accessory uses incidental thereto, such as private garages,
parking areas, etc.
(2) Family day care.
(d) Permitted special uses.A building or premises may be used for the following purposes in
conformance with conditions prescribed herein:
(1) All permitted special uses and conditions as stated in section 94-124(d) (R-1A).
(2) Park, community.
a. One of the frontages of the premises shall abut upon an arterial or collector street.
(e) Conditional uses.
(1) Retirement or nursing home.
(2) Two-family dwelling.
(3) Group home.
(4) Major home occupation.
(5) Public recreation facility.
(6) Bed and breakfast establishment.
(f) Density, area, yard and height regulations.The R-1C district regulations are as follows:
Per Unit
Density
Sq. Ft.
Min. Lot
Area
Sq. Ft.
Min.
Lot
Width
Min. Front
Yard
Min.
Side
Yard
Min. Rear
Yard
Max.
Height
Single-family 7,500 7,500 50 feet 25 feet 7 feet 25 feet 35 feet
Two-family 5,625 11,250 75 feet 25 feet 7 feet 25 feet 35 feet
Other allowable uses 10,000 75 feet 25 feet 10 feet 25 feet 35 feet
Density per family requirements do not apply to dormitories, fraternities, sororities, nursing homes or other
similar group quarters where no cooking facilities are provided in individual rooms.
(g) Accessory uses.Accessory uses and buildings permitted in the R-1C district are buildings and uses
customarily incidental to any of the permitted uses in the district.
(h) Parking regulations.Parking, loading and stacking within the R-1C district shall be in conformance
with the regulations set forth in division 4 of article VI of this chapter.
(i) Sign regulations.Signs within the R-1C district shall be in conformance with the regulations set forth
in division 5 of article VI of this chapter.
(j) Other regulations.Development within the R-1C district shall be in conformance with the regulations
set forth in article II of this chapter.
(Ord. No. 42-10, § 1, 1-11-2011)
Sec. 94-125.7. - Residence R-1D single-family.
(a) Intent.This district is intended to provide for areas of residential use with a gross density of
approximately seven dwelling units per acre or less. The district permits single-family detached
dwellings, single-family attached dwellings, and supportive community facilities such as parks,
playgrounds, schools, and churches.
(b) Scope of regulations.The regulations set forth in this section or set forth elsewhere in this title, when
referred to in this section, are the district regulations of the residence R-1D single-family district.
(c) Permitted uses.Single-family dwelling including accessory uses incidental thereto such as private
garages, parking areas, etc.
(d) Permitted special uses.A building or premises may be used for the following purposes in conformance
with conditions prescribed herein:
(1) All permitted special uses and conditions as stated in section 94-124(d) (R-1A).
(2) Single-family zero feet side yard dwelling.
a. A maximum of two attached dwelling units are permitted.
(3) Private school of general instruction.
a. One of the frontages of the premises shall abut upon an arterial or collector street.
(4) Family day care.
a. Restricted to 12 or less children at any one time.
(e) Conditional uses.
(1) Retirement or nursing home;
(2) Two-family dwelling;
(3) Group home;
(4) Major home occupation;
(5) Public recreation facility.
(f) Density, area, yard and height regulations.The R-1D district regulations shall be as follows:
Per Unit
Density Sq. Ft.
Min. Lot Area
Sq. Ft.
Min.
Lot
Width
Min.
Front
Yard
Min
Side
Yard
Min.
Rear
Yard
Max.
Height
Single-family 6,000 6,000 50' 20' 6' 20' 35'
Single-family, 0 feet side
yard - 2 units
6,000 12,000 80' 20' 0'* 20' 35'
Two-family 4,500 9,000 75' 20' 6' 20' 35'
Other allowable uses 10,000 75' 20' 6' 20' 35'
* Or 6' on non-party wall
Density per family requirements shall not apply to dormitories, fraternities, sororities, nursing homes or
other similar group quarters where no cooking facilities are provided in individual rooms.
(g) Accessory uses.Accessory uses and buildings permitted in the R-1D district are buildings and uses
customarily incidental to any of the permitted uses in the district.
(h) Parking regulations.Parking, loading and stacking within the R-1D district shall be in conformance
with the regulations set forth in division 4 of article VI of this chapter.
(i) Sign regulations.Signs within the R-1D district shall be in conformance with the regulations set forth
in division 5 of article VI of this chapter.
(j) Other regulations.Development within the R-1D district shall be in conformance with the regulations
set forth in article II of this chapter.
( Ord. No. 16-004 , § 1, 2-9-2016)
City of Brookings
Staff Report
Brookings City & County
Government Center, 520
Third Street
Brookings, SD 57006
(605) 692-6281 phone
(605) 692-6907 fax
File #:ORD 18-008,Version:1
Introduction and First Reading on Ordinance 18-008, an Ordinance Amending Article III of Chapter 42
of the Code of Ordinances of the City of Brookings, South Dakota and pertaining to the Brookings
Health System. Public Hearing: May 8, 2018.
Summary:
This ordinance amends several sub-sections of Sec.42-92 and 93 by updating antiquated language
and providing additional considerations for the appointment process. Most changes were requested
by the Board or staff of Brookings Health System.
Background:
Sub-Section (a): Changes membership number of the Board of Trustees from eight (8) to nine (9).
Sub-Section (b): Clarifies language pertaining to residency requirement.
Sub-Section (d): Adds language pertaining to consideration of appointment of members from
recommendations from the existing Board of Trustees including but not limited to specific, applicable
experience of potential recommendations.
Sub-Section (f): Updates language pertaining to non-discrimination of appointment of Board
members.
Fiscal Impact:
None.
Recommendation:
Staff recommends approval.
Attachments:
Ordinance - clean
Ordinance - marked
City of Brookings Printed on 4/19/2018Page 1 of 1
powered by Legistar™
ORDINANCE NO. 18-____
AN ORDINANCE AMENDING ARTICLE III OF CHAPTER 42 OF THE CODE OF
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF BROOKINGS, SOUTH DAKOTA AND PERTAINING TO
THE BROOKINGS HEALTH SYSTEM.
BE IT ORDAINED AND ENACTED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
BROOKINGS, STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA, AS FOLLOWS:
I.
Section 1. That Division 1 of Chapter 42, Section 42-92 of the Code of Ordinances of the City
of Brookings be amended in its entirety to read as follows:
DIVISION 1. GENERALLY
Sec. 42-92. – Name, composition, appointment and criteria for appointment.
(a) The board of trustees is known as the "Brookings Health System Board of
Trustees", and consists of nine members.
(b) Five members of the board of trustees shall be appointed by the mayor with the
advice and consent of the city council. Three members of the board of trustees shall be
appointed by the Brookings County Commission. A minimum of six members of the board of
trustees must reside in the City or County of Brookings.
(c) One member of the board of trustees shall be a practicing physician
representative who is a member of the active medical staff of the Brookings Health System
and who has been a member of the active medical staff for at least one year. Physician
representatives of the board of trustees shall have all of the voting privileges as other
members of the board of trustees, and are not required to reside within the City or County of
Brookings.
(d) Individuals recommended to the city council or to the county commission to
serve as members of the board of trustees shall evidence an interest in fostering and
maintaining a system of quality health care through support of the mission of the Brookings
Health System. The City and County shall also consider, but are not required to appoint,
prospective board members recommended by the board of trustees. Prospective board
members who are recommended by the board of trustees shall be recommended to represent a
particular experience and expertise which would enhance the composition and effectiveness
of the board of trustees. In order to fill vacancies in a timely manner, the applications of
prospective board members shall be submitted to the City and County by October 30th each
year.
(e) The physician members may be asked at times to recuse themselves if there is a
conflict of interest with their particular practice or contractual or other issues under
discussion. Advice from physician representatives is particularly needed to provide
information from their medical background that would be beneficial to the needs of the
Brookings Health System, and, in addition, to represent the members of the active medical
staff of the Brookings Hospital.
(f) Appointment to the board of trustees shall be made without reference to actual or
perceived race, color, sex, creed, ancestry, national origin, familial status, marital status,
gender identity, disability, sexual orientation, age, religion or political affiliation.
II.
That Division 1 of Chapter 42, Section 42-93 of the Code of Ordinances of the City of Brookings
be amended in its entirety to read as follows:
DIVISION 1. GENERALLY
Sec. 42-93. – Compensation; terms.
(a) The members of the board of trustees may be compensated for their service as
members of the board of trustees in an amount not to exceed $300.00 per month per member
and $400.00 per month for the president.
In addition, members of the board of trustees will be reimbursed for reasonable
expenses when performing Brookings Health System business. The members of the board of
trustees shall be appointed for staggered three-year terms. New members shall be appointed
prior to January 1st of each year. No members may serve more than three consecutive 3-year
terms. A partial term may be served in addition to this limit.
(b) If a board member resigns or is disqualified prior to the end of their term, the city
or the county, as the case may be, shall appoint a new board member to complete the
departing board member’s term following a process similar to that for a regular appointment.
The city or county, as the case may be, shall communicate a deadline for submission of
recommended candidates for the new appointment to the board of trustees.
(c) If a member is absent more than 50 percent of the meetings annually without
authorization of the board, the member shall automatically be disqualified from serving on the
board, and a replacement shall be appointed.
III.
Any or all ordinances in conflict herewith are hereby repealed.
FIRST READING:
SECOND READING:
PUBLISHED:
CITY OF BROOKINGS, SOUTH DAKOTA
Keith Corbett, Mayor
ATTEST:
Shari L. Thornes, City Clerk
ORDINANCE NO. 18-____
AN ORDINANCE AMENDING ARTICLE III OF CHAPTER 42 OF THE CODE OF
ORDINANCES OF THE CITY OF BROOKINGS, SOUTH DAKOTA AND PERTAINING TO
THE BROOKINGS HEALTH SYSTEM.
BE IT ORDAINED AND ENACTED BY THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF
BROOKINGS, STATE OF SOUTH DAKOTA, AS FOLLOWS:
I.
Section 1. That Division 1 of Chapter 42, Section 42-92 of the Code of Ordinances of the City
of Brookings be amended in its entirety to read as follows:
DIVISION 1. GENERALLY
Sec. 42-92. – Name, composition, appointment and criteria for appointment and name.
(a) The board of trustees is known as the "Brookings Health System Board of
Trustees", and consists of nine eight members. In addition, physician-representatives are
appointed as described below.
(b) Five members of the board of trustees shall be appointed by the mayor with the
advice and consent of the city council and may reside within or outside the city limits,
provided they reside within and are electors of the County of Brookings. Three members of
the board of trustees shall be residents and electors of the County of Brookings and may
reside within or outside the limits of the City of Brookings, shall be appointed by the
Brookings County Commission. A minimum of six members of the board of trustees must
reside in the City or County of Brookings. Members of the Board of Trustees are not required
to reside within the City or County of Brookings. However, a minimum of six members must
reside in the City or County of Brookings.
(c) In addition, One member of the board of trustees shall be a The board of trustees
shall also include at least one practicing physician representative who is a member of the
active medical staff of the Brookings Health System and who has been a member of the active
medical staff for at least one year. Physician representatives of the board of trustees shall
have all of the voting privileges as other members of the board of trustees, and are not
required to may reside within or outside the city limits, provided they reside within the City
or County of Brookings.
(d) Individuals recommended to the city council or to the county commission to
serve as members of the board of trustees shall evidence an interest in fostering and
maintaining a system of quality health care through support of the mission of the Brookings
Health System. The City and County shall also consider, but are not required to appoint
prospective board members recommended by the board of trustees. Prospective board
members who are recommended by the board of trustees shall be recommended to represent a
the particular experience and expertise which would will enhance the composition and
effectiveness of the board of trustees. In order to fill vacancies in a timely manner, the
applications of prospective board members shall be submitted to the City and County by
October 30th each year.
(e) The physician members may be asked at times to recuse themselves if there is a
conflict of interest with their particular practice or contractual or other issues under
discussion. The term of appointment shall be for three years. Advice from physician
representatives is particularly needed to provide information from their medical background
that would be beneficial to the needs of the Brookings Health System, and, in addition, to
represent the members of the active medical staff of the Brookings Hospital.
(f) Appointment to the board of trustees shall be made without reference to actual or
perceived race, color, sex, creed, ancestry, national origin, familial status, marital status,
gender identity, disability, sexual orientation, age, handicap, religion, country of origin, or
political affiliation.
II.
Section 1. That Division 1 of Chapter 42, Section 42-93 of the Code of Ordinances of the City
of Brookings be amended in its entirety to read as follows:
DIVISION 1. GENERALLY
Sec. 42-93. – Compensation; terms.
(a) The members of the board of trustees may be compensated for their service as
members of the board of trustees in an amount not to exceed $300.00 per month per member
and $400.00 per month for the president.
In addition, members of the board of trustees will be reimbursed for reasonable
expenses when performing Brookings Health System business. The members of the board of
trustees shall be appointed for staggered three-year terms. New members shall be appointed
prior to January 1st of each year. No members may serve more than three consecutive 3-year
terms. A partial term may be served in addition to this limit.
(b) If a board member resigns or is disqualified prior to the end of their term, the city
or the county, as the case may be, shall appoint a new board member to complete the
departing board member’s term following a process similar to that for a regular appointment.
The city or county, as the case may be, shall communicate a deadline for submission of
recommended candidates for the new appointment to the board of trustees. If a board member
resigns or is disqualified prior to the end of their term, the mayor, with the advice and consent
of the city council or the county commission, as the case may be, shall appoint a new board
member to complete the resigning board member's term.
(c) If a member is absent more than 50 percent of the meetings annually without
authorization of the board, the member shall automatically be disqualified from serving on the
board, and a replacement shall be appointed.
III.
Any or all ordinances in conflict herewith are hereby repealed.
FIRST READING:
SECOND READING:
PUBLISHED:
CITY OF BROOKINGS, SOUTH DAKOTA
Keith Corbett, Mayor
ATTEST:
Shari L. Thornes, City Clerk
City of Brookings
Staff Report
Brookings City & County
Government Center, 520
Third Street
Brookings, SD 57006
(605) 692-6281 phone
(605) 692-6907 fax
File #:ID 2018-0190,Version:1
Public Hearing and Action on a request for an On-Off-Sale Malt Alcohol License for Flavor
International Restaurant and Grocery, LLC, Daniel Huntington, owner, 501 Main Ave., legal
description:E 120’ of Lots 13-14, Block 14, Second Addition.
Summary:
The City of Brookings has received an application for an On-Off-Sale Malt License for Flavor
International Restaurant and Grocery, LLC, Daniel Huntington, owner, 501 Main Ave., Brookings,
South Dakota. All required documents have been submitted for this application.
Background:
A public hearing and action by the local governing body is required to approve all alcohol licenses.
The On-Off-Sale Malt License would be effective until to June 30, 2018, and then subject to an
annual renewal. If approved, the application would be forwarded to the State Department of
Revenue for final action and issuance of the license.
Recommendation:
Staff recommends approval.
Attachments:
Legal Notice
City of Brookings Printed on 4/19/2018Page 1 of 1
powered by Legistar™
NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING
On-Off Sale Malt License –
Flavor International Restaurant and Grocery, LLC
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the Brookings City Council in and for the City of
Brookings, South Dakota, on April 24, 2018, at 6:00 p.m. in the Brookings City &
County Government Center Chambers, 520 Third Street, will meet in regular
session to consider an application for the issuance of an On-Off Sale Malt
License for Flavor International Restaurant and Grocery, LLC, Daniel Huntington,
owner, 501 Main Ave., Brookings, South Dakota, legal description: E 120’ of
Lots 13-14, Block 14, Second Addition. At which time and place all persons
interested will be given a full, fair and complete hearing thereon.
Dated at Brookings, South Dakota, this 16th day of April, 2018.
Shari Thornes, City Clerk
Published time(s) at an approximate cost $ .
City of Brookings
Staff Report
Brookings City & County
Government Center, 520
Third Street
Brookings, SD 57006
(605) 692-6281 phone
(605) 692-6907 fax
File #:ID 2018-0191,Version:1
Public Hearing and Action on the transfer of an On-Off-Sale Malt License from Carpy’s Pub, Roger
Carpenter, owner, to Carpy’s Pub, Verla Carpenter, owner, 714 22nd Ave., Brookings, South Dakota,
legal description: E 77’5” of W 145’ and N 32’9” of S 655’ and E 30’ of W 137’ of N 2y of S 679’ of Lot
2, Brookings Mall Addition.
Summary:
The City of Brookings has received an application to transfer the On-Off Sale Malt License from
Carpy’s Pub, Roger Carpenter, owner, to Carpy’s Pub, Verla Carpenter, owner, 714 22nd Ave.,
Brookings, South Dakota. All required documents have been submitted for this application.
Background:
A public hearing and action by the local governing body is required to approve all alcohol licenses.
The On-Off Sale Malt License would be effective until to June 30, 2018, and then subject to an
annual renewal. If approved, the application would be forwarded to the State Department of
Revenue for final action and issuance of the license.
Further Information: SDCL 35-2-1.2 provides all applications for retail licenses …shall be submitted to
the governing board of the municipality within which the applicant intends to operate…The governing
board: “shall have discretion to approve or disapprove the application depending on whether it
deems the applicant a suitable person to hold such license and whether it considers the proposed
location suitable.”
SDCL 35-2-6.2 provides the “character” requirements for alcoholic beverage licensees: “Any license
under this title…must be a person of good moral character, never convicted of a felony, and, if a
corporation, the managing officers thereof must have like qualifications.”
Procedure for issuance of licenses: Procedurally, SDCL 35-2-3 provides that “no license for the on or
off-sale at retail of alcoholic beverages…shall be granted to an applicant for any such license, except
after public hearing, upon notice.” SDCL 35-2-5 provides the procedure for the time and place of
hearing and for publication of notice. If an application for a license is refused, “no further application
may be received from a person until after the expiration of one year from the date of a refused
application.”
Recommendation:
Staff recommends approval.
Attachments:
Legal Notice
City of Brookings Printed on 4/19/2018Page 1 of 1
powered by Legistar™
NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING
On-Off Sale Malt License Transfer –
Carpy’s Pub
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the Brookings City Council in and for the City of
Brookings, South Dakota, on April 24, 2018, at 6:00 p.m. in the Brookings City &
County Government Center Chambers, 520 Third Street, will meet in regular
session to consider an application for the transfer of an On-Off Sale Malt License
for Carpy’s Pub, Roger Carpenter, owner, to Carpy’s Pub, Verla Carpenter,
owner, 714 22nd Ave., Brookings, South Dakota, legal description: E 77’5” of W
145’ and N 32’9” of S 655’ and E 30’ of W 137’ of N 2y of S 679’ of Lot 2,
Brookings Mall Addition. At which time and place all persons interested will be
given a full, fair and complete hearing thereon.
Dated at Brookings, South Dakota, this 16th day of April, 2018.
Shari Thornes, City Clerk
Published time(s) at an approximate cost $ .
City of Brookings
Staff Report
Brookings City & County
Government Center, 520
Third Street
Brookings, SD 57006
(605) 692-6281 phone
(605) 692-6907 fax
File #:RES 18-026,Version:1
Public Hearing and Action on Resolution 18-026, a Resolution adopting the Brookings, South Dakota
Comprehensive Plan 2040.
Summary:
The Comprehensive Master Plan Advisory Committee and RDG Planning & Design have brought
forth the Brookings, South Dakota Comprehensive Plan 2040 for City Council consideration.
Background:
On December 15, 2015, City Council directed staff to explore consultant costs for comprehensive
plan services and to create a charter for the Comprehensive Master Plan Advisory Committee. On
January 12, 2016, the Council approved the charter and established the committee. Two (2)
representatives from the Planning Commission were appointed to the 16 member committee. RDG
Planning & Design was selected through a competitive Request for Proposal (RFP) process by the
Comprehensive Master Plan Advisory Committee.
Over the past 12 months, RGD Planning & Design has been working with the Comprehensive Master
Plan Advisory Committee (CMPAC) to prepare a new Comprehensive Plan focused on future land
use. The consultants hosted six (6) meetings/workshops and two (2) open house sessions over the
past year to allow for public engagement and ideas for the plan. In addition, there were 15
stakeholder group meetings and 21 CMPAC meetings open to the public. There was also a
community-wide survey to encourage citizen input.
South Dakota Codified Laws (SDCL) 11-6-2 and 11-6-14 require municipalities to have a
Comprehensive Plan for the physical development of the city and joint jurisdiction area. State Law
directs the Planning Commission to bring forth a Comprehensive Plan for adoption by the City
Council. It is necessary to amend and revise the plan to stay current with changing conditions within
the community. The City of Brookings first adopted a Comprehensive Plan in 1966 and later
approved and implemented the Vision 2020 Comprehensive Plan in 2002.
The Comprehensive Plan is a guide, or road map, that directs growth and development and assists
with public policy decisions regarding land use and infrastructure. The Brookings, SD
Comprehensive Plan 2040 does not rezone any land, rather it is intended to serve as a guide for
future land use and rezoning proposals. Subdivision and Zoning Ordinances should align with the
adopted Comprehensive Plan although any amendment to those ordinances will be proposed and
acted on separately. The plan studies the city limits and includes the current joint jurisdiction area.
The Brookings, SD 2040 Comprehensive Plan contains a few land use shifts from the Vision 2020
Plan. One main difference is the practice of intensity based land uses, which provides increased
flexibility from the more traditional Euclidean or separation of uses approach. The intensity based
concept allows mixing of land uses based on the physical environment, streets, surrounding land
uses and general location. While it is not appropriate to have high intensity industrial adjacent to
City of Brookings Printed on 4/19/2018Page 1 of 3
powered by Legistar™
File #:RES 18-026,Version:1
residential, it may be convenient to allow some neighborhood nodes of commercial development in
strategic locations. The proposed Comprehensive Plan contains parameters and design standards
for the mixing of land uses to protect residential neighborhoods and property values. These
standards include examining the types of allowable uses, intensity and density review, compatibility
and transition zones, and form/design attributes.
Intensity based land use has several advantages including: a reduction in the number of miles
traveled daily, improved vitality and convenience of neighborhoods, increased flexibility, better
efficiency and connectivity, and national trends are showing mixed use neighborhoods to be more
attractive to residents. The design standards recommend considering transition zones, specific uses,
buffering, landscaping, street capacity, and more. The proposed plan also looks at current
development practices, density, and the amount of land available for future development in the next
20 years. Due to the limited supply of adjacent land, growth rate projections, and availability of city
services, the plan proposes an increase in density to accommodate new development in a
responsible and cost-effective manner while retaining the character of Brookings.
The housing and neighborhoods section of the proposed plan illustrates the need for a larger variety
of housing types and costs in Brookings. It also encourages well-connected neighborhoods, infill
development and redevelopment, and the revitalization of older housing stock. The plan points out
the importance of maintaining historical districts and neighborhoods at the same time as creating
diverse housing options for workers and choices for residents with physical or mental disabilities.
Another unique feature of the proposed Comprehensive Plan pertains to environmentally sensitive
areas. Brookings is surrounded by floodplain, wetlands, and a high water table area, which provides
opportunities as well as challenges for development. The proposed Comprehensive Plan
recommends incorporating wetlands and natural drainage areas as amenities into future
developments. The plan includes a development suitability map that illustrates areas with
development constraints, such as a location in the floodplain or a high water table area. These
properties would need to undergo a geotechnical report prior to any development to avoid future
safety, flooding, and environmental issues.
The proposed Comprehensive Plan includes a major street plan map which is one element
mentioned in SDCL 11-6-14. The major street plan map is consistent with the Brookings Area Master
Transportation Plan. The map shows street classifications and ideas for future street extensions. It
also includes a 20th Street South Interstate interchange and shows extensions of collector streets to
better facilitate traffic flows. Furthermore, the Comprehensive Plan recommends implementing
connectivity standards to enhance emergency service response times, provide options for motorists,
bicyclists and pedestrians, while promoting the safe and efficient use of street infrastructure. A
connected street system can decrease municipal costs in the long-run by more evenly distributing
traffic and increasing the use of local streets. The concept of complete streets recognizes and
balances the needs of all street users including motorists, bicyclists, pedestrians, and transit users.
The municipal services section of the plan includes a cost-benefit analysis of city infrastructure and
services. The plan has a goal of maintaining current levels of municipal services with a growing
population and using infrastructure and facilities as economic development in the community. In
order to accomplish the goal, the City and BMU are encouraged to work together to evaluate
infrastructure extensions.
City of Brookings Printed on 4/19/2018Page 2 of 3
powered by Legistar™
File #:RES 18-026,Version:1
The proposed plan provides a quality of life section that examines parks and recreational
opportunities, trail and greenway systems, connectivity of neighborhoods, site design and
landscaping improvements, historical considerations, and the future use of public art. Parks and
trails will need to be expanded over the next 20 years to keep quality services with a growing
population base. Mixed use neighborhoods are encouraged as they support the philosophy of
creating diverse districts where residents can live, work, and play. This idea is unique to the
Brookings, SD 2040 Comprehensive Plan. Quality of life amenities are often necessary to recruit and
retain residents and students.
During several of the public workshops, a re-occurring theme was captured in regards to future
development along 6th Street and Main Avenue South. This prompted another design workshop
which focused on future development and long-term land uses in these areas. The strategic
development area section explains specific design strategies for these corridors. It also provides a
discussion on aging mobile/manufactured parks, and potential designs for the Brookings Marketplace
and a mixed-use neighborhood along Highway 14 Bypass. The importance of downtown area
structures, economic activity, and vibrancy is also reinforced. The proposed plan concludes with a
goals and implementation section.
In summary, the proposed plan offers recommendations and ideas to capitalize on the strengths of
Brookings and small town character while realizing the growth and development pressures over the
next 20 years. The overall goal is to grow in such a way that the integrity and values of Brookings
are retained for future generations.
The CMPAC endorsed the Comprehensive Plan with a few changes based upon the committee’s
discussion during their January 29th meeting. Changes were incorporated and presented to the
public during a February 12th Public Open House. The Planning Commission held a public hearing
on March 12th to accept comments on the updated plan and discuss the plan in more detail. The
Planning Commission tabled action on the Comprehensive Plan update until the April Planning
Commission meeting. During the April 3rd Planning Commission meeting, the Comprehensive Plan
was removed from the table and the public hearing was continued. The Planning Commission
discussed the updated plan and recommended approval of the Comprehensive Plan 2040.
Planning Commission Recommendation:
The Planning Commission voted 7-0 to recommend approval of the Comprehensive Plan 2040 with a
few minor revisions as shown in the minutes dated 4-3-2018.
Attachments:
Resolution
Planning Commission Minutes 4/3/2018
Planning Commission Minutes3/12/2018
Notice
Planning Commission Presentation 3/12/2018
Brookings, SD Comprehensive Plan 2040
City of Brookings Printed on 4/19/2018Page 3 of 3
powered by Legistar™
Resolution 18-026
A Resolution Adopting the Brookings, South Dakota
Comprehensive Plan 2040
Whereas, the City Council of the City of Brookings, SD held a public hearing in
accordance with SDCL 11-6-18 on the proposed Brookings, South Dakota
Comprehensive Plan 2040 for the City; and
Whereas, the Comprehensive Plan provides a Major Street Plan Map, identifies a
Future Land Use Map, projects population figures for the planning period, and
describes an integrated land use vision for the City; and
Whereas, the City Planning Commission of the City of Brookings, SD has
recommended approval of the Brookings, South Dakota Comprehensive Plan
2040 in accordance with SDCL 11-6-17;
Now, Therefore, Be It Resolved that the Brookings, SD Comprehensive Plan
2040 is hereby adopted for the City of Brookings, with said plan to supersede the
previous Vision 2020 Comprehensive Plan. The Brookings, South Dakota
Comprehensive Plan 2040 shall be on file in the office of the City Clerk and is
available for public inspection by any interested person.
Passed this 24th day of April, 2018.
CITY OF BROOKINGS
_________________________
Keith W. Corbett, Mayor
ATTEST:
____________________________
Shari Thornes, City Clerk
Planning Commission
Brookings, South Dakota
April 3, 2018
OFFICIAL MINUTES
Chairperson Greg Fargen called the regular meeting of the City Planning Commission
to order on Tuesday, April 3, 2018, at 5:30 PM in the Chambers Room #310 on the third
floor of the City & County Government Center. Members present were Tanner Aiken,
James Drew, Gregg Jorgenson, Lee Ann Pierce, Kristi Tornquist, Eric Rasmussen, and
Fargen. Alan Johnson and Charles Siver were absent. Also present were City Planner
Staci Bungard, Community Development Director Mike Struck, City Engineer Jackie
Lanning, Barb Teal Director of Operations of the SDSU Foundation, and others.
Item #7a –(Pierce/Aiken) Motion to remove from the table the Brookings, South
Dakota Comprehensive Plan 2040. All present voted aye. MOTION CARRIED.
(Tornquist/Rasmussen) Amendment to the original motion (original motion was made to
approve the Brookings, South Dakota Comprehensive Plan 2040 on March 12, 2018) to
show the following corrections:
Pages 132 and 228:change to read “City and Brookings Municipal Utilities (shared
responsibilities, separate entities).The expansion of infrastructure requires a high
degree of planning, communication and cooperation between the separately managed
Brookings Municipal Utilities and the City of Brookings It is important that the two
entities share the common vision on development in Brookings. Continued cooperation
and joint planning for all infrastructure expansions and extensions is crucial to insuring
such services are efficient, economical, financially sustainable and meet the goals and
objectives off both entities.”
Pages 141,156,197,198,229: Streamline the process of evaluating Coordinate
infrastructure extension to reflect the shared goals of the City of Brookings and
Brookings Municipal Utilities.
Pages 13 and 14: should read Students’ Association.
Page 16: “indicate” instead of “indicates” in the section titled Connect the City.
Page 36: In the Road System section replace “ranging from” with “including.”
Page 39: Add a missing period in the Brookings Municipal Airport section.
Motion as amended was voted on. All present voted aye. MOTION CARRIED.
(Pierce/Rasmussen) Amendment to the amended motion to reflect to following.
Pages 72 and 73: In the Policies section, “Evaluate adopting a policy for geotechnical
reports to be submitted with any preliminary plats in any environmentally constrained
areas. (This amendment would make the verbiage consistent with pages 96, 97,186,
and 189.)
Amendment to previous amended motion was voted on. Tornquist voted no. All others
voted aye. MOTION CARRIED.
The Brookings, South Dakota Comprehensive Plan 2040 with amendments was voted
on. All present voted aye. MOTION CARRIED.
OFFICIAL SUMMARY
Item #7a –The Planning Commission continued to discuss this item as it was tabled at
the previous meeting.
Pages 72 & 73, under Policies states “ Recommend a geotechnical report be submitted
with any preliminary plat for properties located within the environmentally constrained
area.” However pages 96, 97, 186 and 189 state evaluate. Pierce would like to see
that the verbiage be the same throughout the plan and states the we change the
wording from recommend to evaluate. The meanings of ‘recommend’ and ‘going to
evaluate’ are different. So as this would mean that we would should evaluate if we
would want to change the ordinance to make it happen that a geotechnical report be
recommended. Rasmussen agrees with Pierce in that the Planning Commission should
evaluate a policy, but the report should not be recommended. Struck disagrees with
this because as soon as they evaluate adopting a policy, then this verbiage is irrelevant.
Rasmussen doesn’t feel that the city can require a geotechnical report because the law
hasn’t been changed. The document change doesn’t change the law, because staff
cannot do that without changing the ordinance, but it is saying that staff can evaluate
the law/the need. Tornquist stated she preferred that original language in the Policies
section as it was more consistent with that portion of the document.
Rasmussen called the question.
Bungard feels that everyone has the same intent with this document and they are on the
same page with the verbiage. Fargen feels that it needs to be stated someplace that
the ordinance would need to be reviewed or amended. Pierce feels that the Planning
Commission should look at the pros and cons of requiring a geotechnical report before
adopting an ordinance. Requiring this report will be costly to developers. Fargen feels
that the situation appears to be wordsmithing the correct words into this document.
Pierce stated that maybe the wording “review adopting a policy for geotechnical reports
be submitted within a preliminary plat located within an environmentally constrained
area” should be used instead.
Tornquist wonders if it should say that we need to develop a policy as to when to
require a geotechnical report.
Planning Commission
Brookings, South Dakota
March 12, 2018
OFFICIAL MINUTES
Chairperson Greg Fargen called the regular meeting of the City Planning Commission
to order on Tuesday, March 12, 2018, at 5:30 PM in the Chambers Room #310 on the
third floor of the City & County Government Center. Members present were Tanner
Aiken, James Drew, Gregg Jorgenson, Alan Johnson, Lee Ann Pierce, Kristi Tornquist,
Eric Rasmussen, Charlie Siver and Fargen. Also present were City Planner Staci
Bungard, Community Development Director Mike Struck, City Manager Jeff Weldon,
Randy Bjorklund, Nichole Berkenhoff, Curt Kabris, Dick Waldner, Larry Holy, Keith
Poppen, Russell and Jody Oetken, Cody Christensen, Robin Schulte, Amy Haase –
RDG Planning and Design, Al Heuton – Brookings Economic Development Corporation,
Angie Boersma – Historic Preservation Committee representative, Bill Ross, Cindy
Ostlie, and others.
Item #6a –(Rasmussen/Drew) Motion to approve the Brookings, South Dakota
Comprehensive Plan 2040 as presented.
(Tornquist/Aiken) Motion to table the original motion. All present voted aye.
OFFICIAL SUMMARY
Item #6a –Amy Haase, RDG Planning and Design, explained to the Planning
Commission how the members could use this document on a day to day basis. The
Comprehensive Plan is a document that can be used to help guide growth. Haase
briefed the committee on the meetings that they conducted in the last few months and
important items that were brought to the table at these meetings. They compiled the
concerns and interests of the community and utilized them to create the proposed
Comprehensive Plan for the City of Brookings. Those that attended the stakeholder’s
meetings wanted to achieve a unified vision for the future, healthy lifestyles, maintain
and build strong and affordable neighborhoods, keep the business community vibrant,
connectivity – how are we connecting all the pieces together during growth, growth and
land use, housing and neighborhoods, transportation, municipal services, quality of life,
and an integrated land use plan which includes mixed uses.
Al Heuton, Director of Brookings Economic Development Corporation (BEDC),
commends the committee that helped develop this plan. Heuton stated that BEDC had
recently submitted a letter with recommendations that BEDC had. The Wiese Business
Park, the land which is located west of the Larson Ice Arena, in the draft this was shown
as High Density Residential development and BEDC views this land as prime
commercial for future development. Their suggestion is that this area should be
considered Urban High Intensity zoning for future land use area which would emphasize
commercial development. An example of what the BEDC would like to see in this area
would be something like Capital Card Services. Additionally, BEDC is concerned about
the triangle area of land east of 34th Avenue and south of the Bypass. BEDC feels that
this area could be a potential future growth area for heavy industrial. With the
businesses that are currently here, and the truck traffic that the Bypass creates, the City
could see themselves getting into many nuisance issues if this area is developed into
residential. Bungard explained that the plan has been modified and the area
considered the Wiese land that Mr Heuton was referring to, has been changed to Urban
Medium Intensity to accommodate for residential and business uses.
Angie Boersma, Brookings Historic Preservation Commission representative, stated
that the committee submitted recommendations for the plan. Two main concerns are to
include a map of the historic districts in the plan. Additionally, due to the way that
Historic Preservation Commission works in Brookings, they would like a brief
introductory paragraph to explain the role of the Historic Preservation Committee in the
community. Tornquist reviewed the letter that the Historic Preservation Commission
had submitted and she noted that the Historic Preservation Committee had commented
that the plan is difficult to read and it should be restructured. Tornquist is in agreement
with this comment. The old plan was extremely general and this plan has a lot more
specifics and people are going to have a hard time comprehending it. Haase indicated
that they have produced an Executive Summary that will be included.
Bill Ross, 3712 Medary Ave – just north of town, knows that eventually their farm is
going to be affected by the decisions and long term growth of the City. He would like
the Planning Commission to look at the concept of AgriHooding. AgriHooding is a
housing development located around an organic farm.
Cindy Ostlie is wondering what the plan is for the 6th Street corridor and how is it
planned for the future. Haase explained that it is zoned Urban Strategy Area. It is
similar to an Intermediate Intensity area that will have some mixed uses and more
zoning allowances. Struck explained that this area is currently going through transition
with some changes such as land uses and density so the committee struggled to find
the “right” land use for this area.
Pierce wants to be sure that the Commission understands the Policy’s being affected.
This comprehensive plan has an idea of commercial uses being mixed in with
residential. And it is apparent that these uses mixed in certain areas is a concern to
residents. She wants the Commission to be able to review the land use map and
discuss the philosophy of mixed uses. Tornquist concurs. She feels that the
commission hasn’t had adequate time to review this draft. Additionally, Tornquist is
concerned that other committees didn’t have ample time to review the draft. There have
suggested changed to the plan that haven’t been implemented and at this time it would
be good to see the changes incorporated and available for the commission to see. Jeff
Weldon feels that most people were given ample time with deadlines to submit their
suggestions. He feels that most of those suggestions from Historic Preservation and
BEDC have been implemented. He feels that Commissioner Pierce’s questions
regarding policy are good and that a discussion should take place. However, should the
policy discussion be after the plan has been approved or before? If after, then this plan
should not be stalled because of this discussion. Pierce feels that she understands the
vision of the plan, but she isn’t sure if the whole commission understands the vision and
she thinks that a discussion regarding this plan should take place.
Rasmussen is concerned because he isn’t sure if this plan is to be used just as a
guideline? Or is it policy or rule? Bungard explained that the Vision 2020 plan went
through and rezoned areas. However, this plan isn’t going to rezone any areas,
however it is going to be used for future rezone requests. The city will then have to look
at changing the ordinances to be consistent with a lot of the ideas in the plan. Haase
explained that for a rezone request, an applicant will have to ask for an amendment to
the Comp Plan and then also a request to rezone from one district to another.
Siver has reservations and concerns regarding how legally binding this plan is to the
Commission.
Drew agrees with Siver, Rasmussen and Pierce with their concerns. He feels that a
developer having to go through a Comprehensive Plan amendment is concerning. He
also feels that the “required” verbiage for a geotechnical study (pg 73) should maybe be
replaced with “high encourage” or “recommends.” The word “requires” is tying the
hands of the commission. Weldon also had a concern with this and he had earlier
asked for clarification from Haase. She had explained that this is suggested as
recommended policies for a particular area. And this might be a policy to formally
consider in the future.
Aiken agrees with the concerns, but would also like some additional time to review the
plan.
Johnson feels that since they haven’t seen all the revisions, and the fact that there are
those in attendance that had additional suggestions, the Commission should not make a
motion on this plan that is being proposed tonight.
Pierce asked if the Planning Commission could have a “Special Meeting” to discuss just
the Comp Plan.
If you require assistance, alternative formats and/or accessible locations consistent with the Americans with Disabilities
Act, please contact the City ADA Coordinator at 692-6281 at least 48 hours prior to the meeting.
Published ______ time(s) at an approximate cost of $ _____________.
NOTICE OF HEARING
ON THE ADOPTION OF THE CITY OF
BROOKINGS COMPREHENSIVE PLAN 2040
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN That the City Planning Commission will
hold a public hearing on the adoption of Brookings, South Dakota:
Comprehensive Plan 2040.
NOTICE IS FURTHER GIVEN That said public hearing will be at 5:30
PM on Monday, March 12, 2018 in the Chambers Room on the third floor of
the Brookings City and County Government Center at 520 Third Street,
Brookings, South Dakota. The City of Brookings Comprehensive Plan
2040 is available for viewing at the Community Development Department at
520 Third Street, Brookings, SD, Suite 140 or online at
www.cityofbrookings.org.
Any person interested may appear and be heard in this matter.
Dated this 23
rd day of February 2018.
______________________________
Mike Struck
Community Development Director
Planning Commission Meeting
March 12, 2018
What is the Brookings Plan?
•Creates a vision and direction for the future, defined by members of our community.
•Guides growth directions and future land use.
•Identifies strategic opportunities.
What is the Brookings Plan?
•Proposes efficient infrastructure (water, sewer) to support Brookings’ needs today and
tomorrow.
•Addresses projects and ideas that maintain Brookings’ quality of life.
•Considers issues and ideas for the city’s neighborhoods with their residents.
Building the Plan
•Steering Committee
•Stakeholder Groups
•High School & College Students
•Surveys
•Community Workshop
•Design Workshops
•Neighborhood Workshops
What we learned…
Achieve a Unified Vision
•Growth will happen
•Not at the cost of quality of life
•Need a unified vision for growth
What we learned…
Support Healthy Lifestyles
•Desire for facilities that promote social and physical well-being
What we learned…
Strong & Affordable Neighborhoods
•Quality historic neighborhoods sets Brooking apart
•Strong neighborhood design and diversity of housing products should be
the standard not the exception.
What we learned…
Keep Businesses Vibrant
•The business community is an essential asset
•Initiatives should support existing businesses and cultivate new
businesses built around the city’s resources.
What we learned…
Connect the City
•Growth can leave a city feeling dispersed
•Greater connectivity is needed between jobs, shopping, and housing
What we learned…
Embrace and Grow with Nature
•Residents awareness of stormwater and ground water issues is high
•Development must be mindful of these issues and the impact
development can have on existing areas
What we learned…
Continue High Quality Municipal Services
•Residents awareness of stormwater and ground water issues is high
•Development must be mindful of these issues and the impact
development can have on existing areas
What we learned…Plan Goals
Growth & Land Use
•Growth should be geographically incremental, connected to existing
infrastructure, neighborhoods, and community destinations.
•The City should ensure that new development contributes to the
community’s overall character.
•Ensure that development within Brookings and on Brookings’ periphery
demonstrates environmental responsibility and efficient use of
resources.
•Development and redevelopment should preserve Brookings heritage
while ensuring the long term viability of historic structures.
What we learned…Plan Goals
Housing & Neighborhoods
•Create healthy neighborhoods that offer a range of housing types to
accommodate workers and residents at all stages of life.
•Connect neighborhood to community destinations including jobs,
commerce, and recreation.
•Create neighborhoods that build on the character and quality of
existing neighborhoods.
What we learned…Plan Goals
Transportation
•Create a transportation network that will provide a safe and efficient
means for all users including pedestrians, bicyclists,
and drivers.
•Establish a transportation system that will support desirable patterns
of community, neighborhood, and economic development.
What we learned…Plan Goals
Municipal Services
•Ensure land use, infrastructure, and transportation patterns support the efficient and cost effective delivery of emergency services.
•Guide the extension of infrastructure in a way that supports efficient patterns of community and economic development.
•Strengthen existing public facilities and infrastructure strategically to encourage private sector investment and reinvestment, job creation,
and to improve quality of life in Brookings.
•Establish a regional stormwater management strategy and apply to
all aspects of development.
What we learned…Plan Goals
Quality of Life
•Provide park and recreation facilities, programs, and services that
are connected and accessible to all Brookings’ residents
•Encourage the creation of places where residents and visitors can
gather, be active, and build social connections.
What we learned…Plan Goals
Quality of Life
•Provide park and recreation facilities, programs, and services that
are connected and accessible to all Brookings’ residents
•Encourage the creation of places where residents and visitors can
gather, be active, and build social connections.
Making It Happen
An Integrated Land Use Vision: Principles
•Use Urban Services Efficiently
•Promote Diverse Housing Options
•Promote Infill Development
Making It Happen
An Integrated Land Use Vision: Principles
•Address Stormwater Management at both local & Regional Level
•Plan for Community Amenities
•Provide a Multi-Modal and Connected Transportation Network
Making It Happen
An Integrated Land Use Vision: Principles
•Enhance Public Safety
•Encourage Balanced & Connected Neighborhoods
•Use Public Investments to Promote Private Development
•Make Decisions in a Transparent & Collaborative Manner
Making It Happen
Land Use Philosophy
•Where We Growth
Making It Happen
Land Use Philosophy
•How Much We Grow
Making It Happen
Land Use Philosophy
•How Much We Grow
Making It Happen
Land Use Philosophy
•How Much We Grow
Making It Happen
Development Policy Areas
•Common Themes
•Use land more efficiently & protect for future growth
•Provide a complete & balanced transportation system
•Mix uses
•Elevate site design and landscaping
Making It Happen
A Flexible Approach: Mixing uses
Making It Happen
Intensity Based Approach
•What is land use intensity?
-Relative level of activity of a land
use and the associated traffic flow,
paving or other external effects
Making It Happen
Intensity Based Approach
•What does this mean for a Planning
Commission?
-Less about the use and more
about the impact
-Do these uses have similar
impacts?
-What services do residents want
to have close to their homes?
-What should be done to improve
the transition between the uses?
Making It Happen
Intensity Based Approach
•Compatibility
-Typically done through spacing
-Performance-based approach that
address issues such as noise,
traffic, privacy, and aesthetics
Making It Happen
Intensity Based Approach
•Form
-Relates to how a development is laid out
-Street & pedestrian pattern
-How buildings relate to each other
-Relation of the building to the street
-Scale of buildings is similar
Using the Plan….
Land Use: Medium Density Residential
Land Use: Urban-Medium (U-M)
Making It Happen –Plan Elements
Housing & Neighborhoods -Recommended Actions:
1.Expand housing diversity by type and cost
2.Revitalize and stabilize older Neighborhoods
3.Encourage infill development
4.Integrate amenities
5.Establish minimum connectivity standards
6.Encourage downtown’s evolution as a neighborhood with housing
Making It Happen –Plan Elements
Transpiration -Recommended Actions:
1.Coordinate transportation and land use plans
2.Implement the Major Streets Plan
3.Establish site development standards for pedestrian and bicycle friendly development
4.Expand the existing bicycle and pedestrian system
5.Create multi-modal transportation standards
6.Maintain existing streets, sidewalks, and trails in a state of good repair
7.Create a funding strategy for new and existing streets
Making It Happen –Plan Elements
Municipal Services -Recommended Actions:
1.Support and strengthen the level of service offered by all service providers including public providers and quasi-public providers (including the Brookings School District, the South Dakota Children’s Museum, SDSU, and others)
2.Maintain all facilities in a state of good repair, continually evaluate facility use and adapt accordingly to best serve the market, and expand services to meet the needs of the growing community
3.Maximize public safety through site design
4.Establish a funding mechanism for the maintenance of all types of public facilities to ensure the long term viability and efficiency of public infrastructure
5.Streamline the process of evaluating infrastructure extensions to reflect the shared goals of the City of Brookings and Brookings Municipal Utilities
6.Coordinate stormwater ordinances with the vision of the land use plan
Making It Happen –Plan Elements
Quality of Life -Recommended Actions:
1.Implement the Brookings Park Master Plan & update regularly
2.Maintain facilities in a state of good repair, and continually evaluate facility uses and needs
3.Add park land to ensure the same level of service as Brookings grows
4.Use trails and greenways to connect the city’s existing and future parks through a linear recreation system
5.Identify and implement new programs and policies for funding park expansions and enhancements
6.Implement land use regulations that support mixed use neighborhoods centered around common park or quality of life amenities
7.Maintain the city’s heritage through appropriate historic preservation
8.Improve landscaping regulations
9.Upgrade site design standards
Making It Happen –Plan Elements
Strategic Development Areas
1.South Main Avenue
2.6th Street Corridor
3.Planning for Future Aging Mobile Home Parks
4.Bridging the Interstate Divide
5.Downtown Brookings
brookings
SOUTH DAKOTA
comprehensive plan
Adopted April 2018
Planning for 2040
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................7
CHAPTER ONE: CREATING A VISION FOR THE FUTURE ................11
CHAPTER TWO: BUILDING THE PLAN .................................................19
CHAPTER THREE: INTEGRATED LAND USE VISION .........................57
CHAPTER FOUR: HOUSING AND NEIGHBORHOODS ......................99
CHAPTER FIVE: TRANSPORTATION .....................................................113
CHAPTER SIX: MUNICIPAL SERVICES ..................................................131
CHAPTER SEVEN: QUALITY OF LIFE ....................................................143
CHAPTER EIGHT: STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT AREAS ....................157
CHAPTER NINE: IMPLEMENTATION ......................................................179
APPENDIX: ..................................................................................................205
TABLEOFCONTENTS
CITY STAFF
Jeffrey W. Weldon, City Manager
Kevin A. Catlin, Assistant City Manager
Mike Struck, Community Development Director
Staci Bungard, City Planner
Jackie Lanning, City Engineer
CITY COUNCIL
Keith Corbett, Mayor
Patty Bacon
Dan Hansen
Mary Kidwiler, Deputy Mayor
Oepke "Ope" Niemeyer
Holly Tilton Byrne
Nick Wendell
PLANNING COMMISSION
Tanner Aiken
Clark James Drew III
Greg Fargen
Alan Johnson
Lee Ann Pierce
Eric Rasmussen
Kristi Tornquist
Charles Siver
Gregg Jorgenson
COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Kevin Benham
Angie Boersma
Doug Carruthers
Keith Corbett
Jessica Garcia Fritz
Benjamin Kleinjan
Beth Niemeyer
David Odens
Lee Ann Pierce
Brenda Schweitzer
Ben Stout
Kristi Tornquist
Kate Treiber
Paul Von Fischer
Robert Watrel
Sarah Wyant
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The project team would like to acknowledge the contributions of the residents of Brookings who
gave their time, ideas, and expertise for the creation of this plan. It is only with their assistance and
direction that this plan gained the necessary depth to truly represent the spirit of the community
and it is with their commitment that the plan will be implemented.
CONSULTING TEAM
A
introduction
This document reflects countless hours of work from hundreds of residents, business
people, employees, and people committed to take surveys, attend meetings, serve on
committees, present their ideas, and otherwise participate in framing the future of a
great community.
8
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
PREAMBLE
Brookings has chosen to examine itself through the creation of a
comprehensive plan that will identify the best pathway forward.
The community is growing, changing, and it must be thoughtful
about the future it wants to create for future generations. While
not easy, it is possible for a community to collectively pursue a
future that reflects the shared vision of its residents.
This plan provides an overview of the factors that influence
quality of life, land development, and its evolving population. It is
through the introspection of this plan that the city has established
the vision for its future and strategies to implement that future.
PURPOSE OF THE PLAN
The Brookings Comprehensive Plan provides a vision for the
future of Brookings with a focus on priorities, policies, and
public investments over the next 20 years. The City of Brookings
recognized that it is changing and that the community will be
different two decades from now; in short, the purpose of the plan
is to ensure that future generations can love Brookings in the
same way the current generation does.
PRIMARY ROLES OF THE COMPREHENSIVE
PLAN
Community Building
The development of a comprehensive plan is a unique
opportunity for residents to craft a shared vision for their
community. Through the public engagement process, residents,
city staff, and community leaders identified issues and
opportunities for Brookings’ land use, public facilities, and natural
resources. This input sets public priorities and action steps to
improve the quality of life, to make the city more attractive,
and to ensure it is sustainable long term – environmentally,
economically, and socially.
Legal Basis for Land Use Regulations and Decisions
South Dakota Statute 11-6-2, requires that municipalities adopt
a comprehensive plan. Per statute, a comprehensive plan "shall
show the [planning] commission's recommendations" for the
physical development of the city and provides a legal basis for
regulations that have the “purpose of promoting the health,
safety, and general welfare of the municipality.” These regulations
govern how land is developed within the municipality and its
extraterritorial jurisdiction. Land use regulations recognize that
people live cooperatively and have certain responsibilities to one
another to coordinate and harmonize the use of private property.
The comprehensive plan provides the legal basis for these
regulations.
Guidance for Decision Makers
The plan will serve as a guide for city staff, the Planning
Commission, the City Council, and other city boards and
commissions as they set policy and make investment and land
use decisions. The plan is designed to be a flexible document that
is updated as conditions change over time. The plan should be
consulted for all land use decisions and for all public investments
that may impact land development and public services.
Responsive to a Changing World
The world is changing – now faster than ever – and the role of
cities can be expected to change during the life of this plan and
impacting virtually all aspects of the city. From housing and
employment to transportation, changes will occur, including
many that will be difficult to forecast. The fourth purpose of a
comprehensive plan is to allow the community to evaluate and
adapt to these changes gracefully. A community that has a vision
for what it wants to become understands how it operates; is able
to understand the implications, opportunities, and challenges
presented by emerging trends, preferences, and technologies;
and is therefore able to anticipate and adapt to change.
A VISION FOR GROWTH
9
1
HOW TO USE THE PLAN
While the chief user of the plan will be the City of Brookings in
the way it guides decisions, investments, and operations, the
document articulates a vision for growth that has effects beyond
city government. Often land development and the creation of
community amenities arise from collaboration (often public-
private partnerships). The vision articulated in this plan should be
taken as the long-term aim of the community as a whole.
As such, the comprehensive plan should be used by distinct
groups in distinct ways.
The Public
The comprehensive plan is a representative summary of the
shared aspirations of the engaged citizenry. The plan was
developed through countless hours of conversations with
diverse stakeholders representing all aspects of the Brookings’
community. The public can raise the vision expressed in this
plan in public forums and in their personal actions in support of
improving the community.
PolicyMakers
Policymakers, most notable the Brookings City Council and
Planning Commission, will help set the course to realize this plan.
These are the bodies, empowered by the citizenry, to create and
administer the policies that shape development in Brookings.
This plan should be used as a reliable guide to help with decisions
related to both large-scale policies but also on individual projects.
Developers
While guided by city policy, the vast majority of property
development in American cities is undertaken by private,
market-driven developers. This plan should serve as a guide to
developers who wish to work in Brookings. By understanding
the city’s vision for the future, developers can approach projects
from a place of collaboration, reducing unnecessary project
delays that can affect their profitability.
NAVIGATING THE PLAN
The comprehensive plan must provide a concise but holistic
analysis of the many factors that combine to characterize
Brookings as a municipality. To accomplish this feat, the plan is
organized in the following sequence which builds upon itself.
- Public Engagement Themes and Statistics
- Plan Principles
- Vision for Brookings 2040
CHAPTER 1: A VISION FOR GROWTH
- Principles for Land Development and Plan Goals
- Environmental Framework
- Compatibility Matrix
- Annexation Framework
CHAPTER 3: AN INTEGRATED LAND USE VISION
- Context for Growth
- Review of Exisiting Conditions
CHAPTER 2: BUILDING THE PLAN
- Examination of Plan Elements
CHAPTER 4-8: PLAN ELEMENTS
- Framework of recommended actions, initiatives, policies,
and investment
CHAPTER 9: IMPLEMENTING THE PLAN
CREATING A VISION FOR THE FUTURE
1
The City of Brookings is responsible for representing its citizenry and to provide a healthy and
resilient environment for its citizens to flourish. To accomplish this, the city must understand the
vision that its residents hold for the future of their community. This is the role of the comprehensive
plan and the reason that it must be built from a foundation of public engagement.
12
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
“Planning should never stop.”
- Survey Respondent
ESTABLISHING A VISION FOR
GROWTH
An effective plan must represent its stakeholders, their ambitions,
and their challenges. To create the Brookings Comprehensive
Plan, the planning team crafted an engagement strategy to
gain meaningful input from as many stakeholders as possible.
In recognition of the fact that no stakeholders are the same, the
engagement strategy offered multiple avenues to gain insight
from the public.
COMPREHENSIVE PLAN ADVISORY
COMMITTEE
The master plan advisory committee was an important team
of decision makers, engaged citizens, and representatives. This
group of 16 was assembled by the City Council to represent the
community through the process. The advisory committee met
throughout the development of this plan, reviewing progress,
guiding the overall direction of the plan, and ensuring the
people’s voices were well heard and considered.
FOUNDATIONAL DOCUMENTS AND DATA
COLLECTION
Background materials related to the existing comprehensive plan,
strategic plans, related studies, the economy, reports generated
by City Advisory Committees, and other factors were explored
to leverage engagement and planning efforts that had been
completed previously. This data collection provided the starting
point for building this plan and introduced the planning process to
the advisory committee, decision-makers, and the public-at-large.
Note to graphics: Add photos of 3-4
existing plan cover pages.
Note to graphics: Add photos of 3-4
existing plan cover pages.
Note to graphics: Add photos of 3-4
existing plan cover pages.
A VISION FOR GROWTH
13
1
ONLINE
COMMUNITY
QUESTIONNAIRE
An online community questionnaire was
developed and distributed through social
media, the city website, and news outlets. Open
from April through July of 2017, 531 individuals
offered their opinions and ideas through the
questionnaire. The purpose of the questionnaire
was to identify trends and to solicit direct input
from stakeholders.
·531 responses
·25% from participants 24 or younger and
10% from participants 65 or older
·Preferred mode of transportation
›Bicycle: 11.3%
›Walking: 5.8%
›Public Transportation: 4.2%
·79% own their home; 19% rent their dwelling
·Most common topics: Housing; Affordability;
Storm and Ground Water Issues; Jobs and
Economic Growth; Small Town Character
Preservation.
CITY COUNCIL AND PLANNING COMMISSION
WORKSHOP
At the outset of the process, the Planning Commission and the
City Council met to identify what a successful plan would look
like to them. This discovery session explored the role of a plan,
the process of generating the plan, and the ways that it can be
used to guide the city toward its best future. The community
leaders and decision makers offered their direction to the plan by
articulating the primary issues, opportunities, and outcomes they
would like to see addressed in the plan.
STAKEHOLDER DISCUSSIONS AND
INTERVIEWS
Throughout the process, but particularly through spring and fall
of 2017, the planning team conducted a series of small group
discussions around diverse topic areas. The stakeholder groups
were assembled of engaged residents. Well-versed in certain
aspects of the community, the stakeholders offered insight into
the issues and opportunities of the community by topic area.
The diversity represented in each stakeholder group led to
dynamic and engaging discussion about the future of Brookings.
In total, 15 stakeholder discussions were facilitated with the
following groups:
·Public Service Providers
·South Dakota State University Students' Association
·High School Student
·Young Professionals
·Economic Development Leaders’ Roundtable
·Housing and Neighborhoods
·Real Estate Development
·Brookings Municipal Utilities and City Infrastructure
·Business Associations
·City Advisory Committees
·City Staff
14
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
COMMUNITY KICK-OFF CELEBRATION
In April of 2017, more than 25 residents engaged in an interactive
open house to offer their ideas for the comprehensive plan. In
small groups, attendees discussed, developed, and presented
a framework of the primary issues and opportunities facing
Brookings in the following topic areas:
·Economic Development
·Quality of Life
·Transportation
·Public Facilities and Services
·Housing and Neighborhoods
BROOKINGS HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT
COUNCIL
A facilitated conversation was held with the High School Student
Council. The input received from this session revealed an
optimism about their community and an ongoing commitment
to their community that is rarely heard from youth – a promising
sign for Brookings because these students literally represent the
next generation of residents, employees, and leaders.
SOUTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY (SDSU)
STUDENTS' ASSOCIATION
A session with the Students' Association from SDSU revealed
a unique perspective of how college students interact with the
community. Students represent a reliable source of energy,
innovation, and economic opportunity. These students
highlighted issues related to housing, civic and commercial life,
transportation, and employment opportunities post-graduation.
The tone of the discussion was positive and it was clear that many
students graduate with a positive perception of the city and many
would consider returning to Brookings to raise a family.
ADVISORY COMMITTEE LAND USE
WORKSHOP
The creation of a physical development plan for a city must
consider many diverse factors in a way that creates the greatest
benefit and least conflict. To gain a more complete and shared
understanding of these factors, the planning team facilitated an
exercise with the advisory committee to create a preliminary land
use plan in June of 2017. The act of working through complex land
use issues helped set the stage for the planning team to develop
a land use plan and for the advisory committee to react from a
place of understanding.
A VISION FOR GROWTH
15
1
DESIGN WORKSHOP: URBAN DEVELOPMENT
FRAMEWORK
In July of 2017, the planning team established a temporary
office at Brookings High School for three-days to undertake
an immersive workshop to generate concepts for the future
development of the city as a whole. The workshop was
punctuated by two open house sessions to share progress and
to solicit input from the public. At these sessions, more than
81 attendees joined the conversation, shared their ideas, and
contributed to the development of the comprehensive plan.
DESIGN WORKSHOP: STRATEGIC
DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITY AREAS
In August of 2017, the planning team set up at the City/County
Government Center to delve into potential design opportunities
for strategic locations identified in the July workshop. The
workshop explored the 6th Street Corridor and the South Main
Avenue Corridor. Like July, the workshop was punctuated by two
public open house sessions to share progress and ideas with the
public and to invite public comments.
COMMUNITY OPEN HOUSE
In February of 2018, the community came together to review the
draft plan, to offer their ideas, and to help prioritize projects and
policies contained in the draft plan. Over the course of two open
house meetings, approximately 100 residents attended to offer
their voice.
ADOPTION MEETINGS
In March and April of 2018, the planning commission and the
City Council held public hearings to solicit final input from
stakeholders on the topics contained in the comprehensive plan.
16
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
ENGAGEMENT THEMES
Throughout the many conversations, comments, and
suggestions, a series of themes consistently rose to the surface.
The following themes emerged and guided the content and
direction of this plan.
ACHIEVE A UNIFIED VISION FOR GROWTH
Residents recognize that Brookings will continue to grow.
However, they are not willing to compromise on the quality
of life they enjoy nor the quality they want to pass along to
future generations. Residents, employers, and the development
community are supportive of creating a unified vision for growth
and then implementing the vision for the mutual benefit of all.
SUPPORT HEALTHY LIFESTYLES
Brookings is a place where residents feel comfortable allowing
their children to walk, bicycle, or ride the bus and where many are
interested in walking, running, and bicycling for transportation.
In addition to a safe and comfortable bicycle and pedestrian
system, they want community facilities that promote social
and physical well-being. The physical character of the public
environment and facilities should support these values and allow
residents to live a healthy lifestyle.
STRONG AND AFFORDABLE
NEIGHBORHOODS
The quality of its historic neighborhoods is part of what separates
Brookings from its peer communities. Residents recognize this
and believe that new and existing neighborhoods should be
strengthened to offer all residents an exceptional quality of
life. Strong neighborhood design, quality of life features, and a
diversity of housing products (including both the type of product
and price-points) should be a standard rather than an exception.
KEEP BUSINESSES VIBRANT
The business community is an asset for the city – its downtown
embodies its heritage, character, and charm while its major
employers embody its history of innovation, progress, and an
unwillingness to be average. The community recognizes the
value of the business community and desires for the business
community to remain vibrant.
CONNECT THE CITY
Residents value the small-town character but many feel this is
being compromised by the direction of residential growth, the
separation from major employment centers, and the increasing
distance that residents must travel to access the interstate
and other amenities. Further, the development of the bicycle
master plan and stakeholder discussion indicate a significant
and growing population interested in using a bicycle for
transportation.
EMBRACE AND GROW WITH NATURE
Residents of Brookings live with the reality that stormwater and
groundwater issues are a way of life due to the landscape and
subsurface conditions. The environmental reality underscores
the importance of directing growth and crafting development
projects in a way that coexists with the natural systems.
CONTINUE HIGH QUALITY MUNICIPAL
SERVICES
Residents value the quality of municipal services offered by
the city and its affiliates. With growth, all residents and future
generations should be afforded the same level of municipal
services in a way that allows for strong commercial, residential,
and employment districts.
A VISION FOR GROWTH
17
1
• Brookings will expand and enhance the assets, character, and
amenities that make it an exceptional place to live.
• Through thoughtful growth, Brookings – today and in 2040 – will be
a distinct place of special character, commerce, creativity, and
economic innovation.
• It will recruit and retain professions and businesses that complement
the character of the city, serve all of its residents including the
disadvantaged, and embody its excellence through the quality of the
investment and development that occurs.
• Its neighborhoods - new and old - will respect the
environment and will provide convenient access to
services to ensure an excellent and equitable experience for all
residents.
• It is only together that Brookings can become the preeminent
community in South Dakota and the region.
IMPLEMENTING THE VISION
Through steadfast commitment to this vision, Brookings will be able
to achieve this future. This will entail building partnerships across the
whole community and regular introspection on whether decisions and
investments support the desired future. The priorities of this plan are
organized in the following hierarchy with each delving into a higher level
of specificity:
A VISION FOR BROOKINGS:
The future to create
GOALS:
Desired outcomes organized by topic area
POLICIES AND ACTIONS:
Strategies in pursuit of goals
A VISION FOR BROOKINGS
BUILDING THE PLAN
2
The plan is built on the need to consider multiple converging factors
at once – stakeholder direction and aspirations, population growth,
demographic and economic shifts, environmental limitations, and prudent
infrastructure and land use decisions. These factors are then consolidated
into a plan crafted to realize the most prosperous future.
20
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
BROOKINGS TODAY:
The Foundation
of the Plan
CONTENTS:
• Land Use Character
• Population Demographics
• Housing and Neighborhoods
• Transportation and Mobility
• Municipal Services
• Infrastructure
• Parks and Recreation
• Quality of Life
BROOKINGS TODAY
Many factors combine to form the city as its exists today; the
landscape and environmental systems, the patterns of roads and
development that past generations have created, and the layers
of infrastructure that allowed (and continues to allow) urban life
to exist in Brookings.
To understand the path Brookings is on today, one must first
understand the characteristics that form Brookings as a city. This
chapter explores character through the lens of each topic area
(on left) including themes, trends, and implications for the future
- both opportunities and challenges.
BUILDING THE PLAN
From the public input (Chapter 1) and the existing conditions
analysis (Chapter 2), the remainder of the plan is built. A land
use and development plan then melds land use, environmental,
and transportation patterns into a cohesive vision. The plan then
delves into a more detailed analysis and implementation plan for
the individual plan elements (those elements that come together
to comprise the community).
21
2BUILDING THE PLAN
22
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
BROOKINGS
TODAY:
Land Use Character
MAJOR THEMES:
Role of Land Use
A major focus of the comprehensive plan is the use
of the city's land resources. The decisions related
to the use of these resource will guide the way the
community feels, functions, operates (in terms
of efficiencies and economic viability), and its
relationship with the natural environment.
Accommodate
Future Generations
Brookings should plan for a future where it
continues to welcome new residents, through birth
and migration, while offering the opportunity for
future generations to enjoy a high quality of life.
Thoughtful and
Responsible Growth
Public infrastructure – streets, sewers, water,
parks, and other public facilities – become the
responsibility of the city, often to construct,
and always to maintain; as such, every decision
pertaining to future infrastructure should consider
both costs (short and long term) and benefits
(short and long term). Quasi-public infrastructure
– neighborhoods, commercial centers – should be
viewed and crafted through this same lens. How
do actions today impact the city’s future in terms
of their financial burden and benefit, social impact,
and quality of life?
Perspective to
2040 and Beyond
This plan provides a 20-year roadmap that will
position Brookings for continued prosperity
beyond this period.
INTRODUCTION
A city's land use character entails the physical form of the city,
its development patterns, and environmental features. The plan
articulates a vision for the physical development of the city
including the use of its land resources.
MAJOR THEMES
·Historic Incremental Growth. Brookings has grown
incrementally with new development contiguous to existing
development. This model allowed for the efficient provision of
infrastructure and community services while also maintaining
the physical continuity of the city.
·Growth Pressure. Brookings has a growing residential
population, commercial presence, and employment base.
With this growth comes the consumption of additional land
that must be dedicated to these uses.
·Limited Growth Areas. Due to environmental factors, there
is a limited amount of land that can be easily and affordably
developed for future growth. It is therefore necessary that the
community grow within the natural framework to limit future
conflicts.
·Reinvestment. Residential and businesses comprise the single
largest investment in the city. The community must continue
to invest in the maintenance and improvement of these major
assets and resources.
·Community Design and Appearance. Site design, buffering,
and land use separations play important roles in the
appearance and character of what makes Brookings desirable.
A balance must be found between maintaining high standards
for quality development and the desire to protect private
property rights and personal preferences.
·Growing within Environmental Constraints. Beyond the
limited number of acres available for development, the
environmental constraints also present challenges to creating
new neighborhoods that form a graceful extension of the city
with regard to transportation, services, and character. While
cost will be an issue for new development, new development
should not occur at the cost of character in new growth areas.
23
2BUILDING THE PLAN
Industrial
FIGURE 2.1: Land Use Character
LAND USE CATEGORY ACRES PERCENT OF
DEVELOPED LAND
ACRES
PER 100
PEOPLE
RESIDENTIAL 1,716 33%7.47
SINGLE FAMILY 1,292 75%5.62
2-4 FAMILY 33 2%0.14
MULTI-FAMILY 186 11%0.81
MOBILE HOMES 205 12%0.89
COMMERCIAL 362 7%1.58
GENERAL COMMERCIAL 181 50%0.79
DOWNTOWN 32 9%0.14
SERVICE 93 26%0.41
OFFICE COMMERCIAL 56 15%0.24
INDUSTRIAL 970 18%4.22
LIGHT INDUSTRY & BUSINESS PARK 522 54%2.27
INDUSTRY 449 46%1.95
CIVIC 2,196 42%9.56
CIVIC 469 21%2.04
UNIVERSITY 223 10%0.97
AIRPORT 705 32%3.07
PARKS AND REC.799 36%3.48
TOTAL DEVELOPED LAND 5,244 100%22.83
AG & OPEN 999
VACANT 286
RIGHT OF WAY 2,124
TOTAL AREA INSIDE THE CITY 8,654
Source: Brookings County and City of Brookings
FIGURE 2.2: Land Use - Developed Land
FIGURE 2.3: Land Use - Total Land
42%
33%
19%
7%
20%
25%
25%
11%
12%
3%4%
Residential
Commercial
Civic
Industrial
Residential
Right of Way
Civic
Ag & Open
Commercial
Vacant
18%
24
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
LAND USE TRENDS
In 2015, the population of Brookings was estimated to be 22,974
across its 8.19 square miles of developed land. The community
has expanded in terms of its overall population but also the size
of its footprint. This growth has generally been contiguous to
existing development. The appendix contains a comparison to
other communities throughout the Midwest.
Residential
·Brookings' homes account for the single largest use and
investment in the community.
›The unit mix is roughly 50% owner-occupied and 50%
renter-occupied.
›Of the residential land in the city, approximately 75% is
dedicated to single-family use only, 11% multi-family, and
2% in 2-4-unit buildings which may include single-family
conversions
Commercial
·Commercial uses have gravitated to major corridors and
Interstate 29 to maximize access and visibility and to reduce
impact on residential neighborhoods. These commercial
corridors include 6th Street, 22nd Avenue, 8th Street South,
and the downtown district located on Main Avenue.
·Like most communities, Brookings’ commercial land use is
dominated by general commercial uses (approximately 50%
of all commercial land), but the service and office uses also
comprise a notable amount of land, 25% and 15% respectively.
·Downtown is home to many commercial uses including many
restaurants, bars, shops, and offices. Due to the destination
quality of this district, the number and diversity of uses, and the
constant state of change, the district is defined by its location
rather than classified by its individual land uses. Downtown
accounts for approximately 9% of all commercial land.
Industrial
·The intensity and impact of industrial uses can vary greatly
but these uses are essential to a healthy and vibrant economy.
·The majority of industrial land is located in a swath along both
sides of Interstate 29. The location offers proximity to the
Interstate, rapid mobility, and ready access to a larger labor
force.
Civic
·Civic uses include government facilities, university campus
grounds, airport, public and quasi-public parks, schools,
and religious facilities including churches and cemeteries. In
Brookings, civic uses comprise 42% of all developed land in
the city. This may be a high percentage for some communities
but not unusual for a city with a major university.
·Of all civic land, park and recreational facilities account for
36%, the airport accounts for 32%, and miscellaneous civic
uses account for another 21%.
·SDSU accounts for an additional 10%, however it is important
to note that this only reflects land inside the city, not the total
amount of land under their ownership. SDSU owns many acres
of land including those reserved for agriculture or agricultural
education uses.
25
2BUILDING THE PLAN
FIGURE 2.4: Existing Land Use
26
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTER AND
CONSTRAINTS
Flood Plains
·100 Year Flood Plain. An area prone to inundation by a 100-
year flood event (an event with a 1% annual probability). These
areas are severely limited from development and are subject
to additional requirements. It is difficult to mitigate these
issues responsibly and these areas should continue to be
studied.
·500 Year Flood Plain. An area prone to inundation by a 500-
year flood event (an event with a 0.2% annual probability).
These areas are limited from development but issues can
typically be mitigated responsibly without significant negative
impact to the overall flow of water.
·Floodway. A regulatory floodway means the channel of a
river that must be reserved in order to discharge the base
flood without cumulatively increasing the water’s surface
elevation more than a designated height. FEMA delineated
the floodways within Brookings’ corporate limits but not the
surrounding county areas.
High Ground Water Table
·Limitations on Development. The depth to groundwater plays
a role in the cost of development in several ways: impact on
soil conditions, soil saturation and impact on foundations, and
its contribution to surface conditions including flooding and
wetlands.
·Difficult to Determine Impact. While areas with high
ground water have traditionally been addressed through
the placement of fill and designing developments without
basements, it can be difficult to determine the impact of
development on the flow of groundwater.
·Responsible Mitigation. A combination of local and
federal regulations should be considered to ensure that
new developments will not result in negative impacts to
the groundwater system, city infrastructure, or future
users. Appropriate pre-development analysis may include
geotechnical studies which consider soil conditions, saturation
levels, and interventions to mitigate the negative impacts of
development.
Appropriate Intervention Areas
·Priority Development Areas. By virtue of the environmental
limitations in all but certain areas, some areas are more
suitable to development than others. A combination of
regulations, incentives, and guidelines should promote these
areas for the highest intensity uses as described in the land
use plan (Chapter 3).
·Priority Preservation Areas. By virtue of the environmental
limitations on lands impacted by floodplain, floodway, or a
high ground water table, these areas should be preserved for
environmental conservation, as shared open space, or, when
appropriate, developed at low density.
27
2BUILDING THE PLAN
FIGURE 2.5: Environmental Limitations / Development Suitability Model
28
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
INTRODUCTION
Brookings has evolved from a small community to one of the
largest cities in South Dakota, fueled by growth at SDSU, in the
employment sector, and in the Interstate 29 corridor. This section
explores the demographics of the current population to set the
stage for how Brookings can expect to grow through the life of
this plan.
POPULATION
·Brookings’ population grew by 24% between 2000 and 2015,
a change of 4,470 residents with much of this growth from an
in-migration of residents drawn by the strong economy and
growth at SDSU.
·Brookings absorbed most of the residential growth
throughout Brookings County. The balance of Brookings
County, excluding the City of Brookings, has a stable
population of approximately 10,000 residents.
BROOKINGS
TODAY:
POPULATION, HISTORY,
AND CHARACTER
EXISTING CONDITIONS AT A GLANCE
MAJOR THEMES:
Sustained Growth
The population doubled from 1960 to 2010. With
growth expected to continue, residents can expect to
see new residents enter the community, new homes
and businesses developed, and additional jobs created.
Young Professionals and
Students
·Fifty-four percent of residents are between ages
15 and 34 (2010 Census), and this population
will continue to look for quality housing,
neighborhoods, recreational facilities, and
employment opportunities.
·While many will leave Brookings for their first job
after graduating, the revolving door of students
entering, maturing, and graduating from SDSU
creates several opportunities.
»The influx of young residents offers an
infusion of energy and innovation.
»The experience they have in Brookings
may bring them back later in their lives and
careers.
Mature Residents and Retirees
Sixteen percent of residents are above the age of 55.
Many of these residents will consider lifestyle changes
that may include smaller homes. The workforce will
then need to fill the positions vacated by these retirees,
and the housing market will need to house both retired
residents and new employees.
FIGURE 2.6: Historic Population Change
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2015
20,046
10,558
9,488
33,046
22,974
10,072
Population in Brookings County
Population in Balance of County
Population in Brookings City
29
2BUILDING THE PLAN
85+
75-84
65-74
55-64
45-54
35-44
25-34
20-24
15-18
0-15
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000
85+
75-84
65-74
55-64
45-54
35-44
25-34
20-24
15-18
0-15
0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000
FIGURE 2.7: Predicted Versus Actual Population Change
2000 - 2010 by Age
FIGURE 2.8: Actual Population Change 2000 - 2010 by Age
AGE
·The character of a population (the spectrum of ages
comprising the population) can be examined to understand
actual and anticipated changes.
·Between 2000 and 2010, an additional 3,552 residents
entered Brookings.
›The greatest population gains occurred in residents
aged between 15 and 34, a total of 2,282 new residents
comprising 80% of the total population change. These
trends can be partially attributed to increases in the
student population at SDSU (681 additional residents aged
15-19 and 874 aged 20-24) but also young families that may
bring new children (887 additional residents aged 25-34
and 386 aged 0-15).
›A second notable change is the increase in the number of
residents aged 55-64, 550 residents representing 15% of
the population change.
·By extrapolating the population through time (2000 to 2010)
and factoring for standard birth and death rates, migration
patterns begin to emerge. Figure 2.7 compares the predicted
population change (no migration) to the actual population
change that occurred from 2000 to 2010.
›The model forecasted growth during the decade, but
growth occurred in a different way. The forecast assumed
that students remain in Brookings and age into the next
cohort, but this is typically interupted by graduation and
relocation. Instead of the change predicted, a steady
population of older adults and growth in the student
population compensated to support overall population
gains.
›The student population is characterized by an abrupt in-
migration in the 15-19 age cohort and departure before
the 25-34 cohort. The ripple effect of this departure is that
fewer children were added than predicted as these young
adults do not stay long enough to enter their family years
in Brookings.
Actual 2010 Population
Predicted 2010 Population
Population in 2000
Population in 2010
30
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
INTRODUCTION
The cost, nature, and quality of a community’s housing stock are
some of its defining characteristics. As part of a comprehensive
planning process, it is important to consider whether the existing
housing stock is adequately meeting the needs of the community.
Additionally, tracking data on housing tenure, median value/
rent, and price relative to income can help reveal important
information about a community’s current economic trajectory.
The housing market operates as a system with contributing
factors including housing occupancy characteristics, affordability
characteristics, and market demand. As an extension of the
system, it is important to note that the smaller communities in
Brookings County play a significant role in providing affordable
housing to the region's workforce.
HOUSING OCCUPANCY
·New residents often look to rent before buying a home.
The student population complicates the matter by inflating
the market demand for renter occupied units that must
accommodate both workers and students.
·Over the past 15 years, the city’s population grew by 24%
(4,470 new residents) creating a demand for 2,003 new
housing units. Recent production has kept pace with demand,
however the type and price-points of new units have
gravitated to the upper income markets.
·Of the 12,589 full-time enrolled students attending SDSU,
26.6% reside in dormitories and 73.3% live off-campus in a
mix of arrangements including traditional apartments, single
family home-conversions, or with family in Brookings.
HOUSING &
NEIGHBORHOODS
EXISTING CONDITIONS AT A GLANCE
MAJOR THEMES:
Housing Market - Roles &
Interactions
The housing market must serve several user groups
depending on the stage of their life. Students use the
housing market for four to six years as renters, while
more traditional residents may want to test the market
as a renter before purchasing a home.
Workforce Housing
Rising housing costs have the greatest impact on
those seeking to enter the housing market as young
employees or first time homebuyers. Rental rates
can be comparable to a monthly mortgage payment.
Compounding this issue is a shortage of available
ownership units on the market. Adequate workforce
housing, both in the ownership and rental markets,
will improve the quality of life and increase retention
of its workforce.
Housing Production and Mix
·The housing market is divided between ownership
and rental options, but recent production has
favored single family units, especially in the upper
price points.
·Approximately 26.6% of SDSU students reside
on campus leaving the remaining 73.3% in a mix
of arrangements including single family homes,
duplexes, with family, or commuting into Brookings.
·A healthy mix of housing sizes, types, and price-
points enables residents to enter the market at a
level that is appropriate for them and to move-up
or downsize as desired.
31
2BUILDING THE PLAN
FIGURE 2.9: Housing Occupancy
2000 2010 2015
Total Units 7,359 8,715 9,269
Occupied Units 6,971 8,159 8,408
Owner Occupied Units 3,238 3,843 4,176
Renter Occupied Units 3,733 4,316 4,232
Total Vacant Units 388 556 861
Vacancy Rate 5.3%6.4%9.3%
Source: US Census Bureau FIGURE 2.11: Housing Permit Activity
YEAR
TOTAL
UNITS
(ANNUAL)
MONTHLY
AVERAGE
(TOTAL)
MONTHLY
AVERAGE
(SINGLE
FAMILY)
MONTHLY
AVERAGE
(MULTI-
FAMILY)
2000 70 5.83 3.33 2.5
2001 62 5.17 4.67 0.5
2002 129 10.75 6.42 4.33
2003 118 9.83 4.17 5.67
2004 138 11.5 9.67 1.83
2005 192 16.0 11.00 5.00
2006 140 11.67 11.33 0.33
2007 224 18.67 11.42 7.25
2008 230 19.17 9.17 10
2009 315 26.25 11.17 15.08
2010 81 6.75 6.58 0.17
2011 94 7.83 5.33 2.5
2012 244 20.33 6.92 13.42
2013 146 12.17 6.33 5.92
2014 103 8.58 7.42 1.17
2015 164 13.67 8.5 5.17
Average 153 12.76 7.71 5.05
Source: City of Brookings
FIGURE 2.10: Location of Student Housing
O
Campus
On
Campus
HOUSING PRODUCTION
·Over the past 15 years, Brookings has produced an average of
153 units annually; approximately 93 single family units and 61
multi-family units.
·The pattern demonstrates that developers have capacity
to bring units and new lots to the market. However, the
fluctuation between years and unit types suggests that there
are a limited number of developers operating at a given time.
32
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
HOUSING AFFORDABILITY
·Affordability is a relative concept that depends on the
household income of those seeking a dwelling. What is
affordable for one household may not be affordable to
another due to their difference in household income.
·The affordability of a market should be viewed as a
comparison of the spectrum of household incomes to the
spectrum of home prices in the market. The comparison is
illustrated in Figure 2.12.
›How to use:
»The vertical groupings illustrate the demand in
each income/affordability range (i.e.: the number of
households in a certain income bracket) compared
to housing supply that would be affordable to those
households (i.e.: no more than 30% of household
income spent on housing)
»An imbalance between supply (number of units in a
certain affordability range) and demand (number of
buyers in a certain income range) is noted as a surplus
or deficit in the supply of housing.
›Findings:
»A shortage of homes for households earning less
than $25,000 per year. The number of households in
this range is inflated by the student population who
likely occupy rental units in the higher income ranges
(imagine a share of the households from the $0-
$25,000 shifting downward into higher cost units).
The influence of the student market extends into the
$50-$75,000 income brackets where rental units
comprise 44% of the unit supply).
»In the upper income ranges (above $75,000), the
supply shifts dramatically toward ownership with
much of the recent housing production targeted to
these price points.
FIGURE 2.12: Affordability Analysis
INCOME
RANGE
NUMBER OF
HOUSEHOLDS
AFFORDABLE
OWNER RANGE
AFFORDABLE
OWNER UNITS
AFFORDABLE
RENTAL RANGE
AFFORDABLE
RENTAL UNITS
TOTAL
AFFORDABLE
UNITS
BALANCE
$0-24,999 2,398 $0-49,999 506 $0-399 782 1,288 -1,110
$25K-49,999 2,260 $50K-99,999 317 $400-799 2,480 2,797 537
$50K-74,999 1,600 $100K-149,999 1,081 $800-1,249 863 1,944 344
$75K-99,999 821 $150K-199,999 996 $1,250-1,499 76 1,072 251
$100K-149,999 940 $200K-$299,999 891 $1,500-1,999 31 922 -18
$150,000+389 $300,000+385 $2,000+0 385 -4
Source: US Census Bureau, 2000 & 2010
»Production of ownership units in the middle
market rates would allow new residents, including
professionals and families, to establish in Brookings.
This supply is very limited today due to the dominance
of rental units in the lower affordability ranges.
·The Department of Housing and Urban Development
describes a resident as being "house-burdened" when more
than 30% of their household income goes to the cost of
housing - rent and utilities or mortgage. Figure 2.13 and 2.15
illustrate this trend by census block group for ownership
and rental units respectively. These underscore current and
emerging affordability issues.
Affordable Home:
Affordable Rental:
Affordable Home:
Affordable Rental:
Affordable Home:
Affordable Rental:
Affordable Home:
Affordable Rental:
Affordable Home:
Affordable Rental:
Affordable Home:
Affordable Rental:
+$300,000
+$2,000
$200K - $299,999
$1,500 - $1,999
$150K - $199,999
$1,250 - $1,499
$100K - $149,999
$800 - $1,249
$50K - $99,999
$400 - $800
$0 - $49,999
$0 - $399
33
2BUILDING THE PLAN
FIGURE 2.14: Housing Demand at 1.5% Annual Growth Rate
Replaced Units
Total New Housing Units
Average Annual Construction
95
2,975
175
2015 2035 *Average PPH: 2.32 | Projected Vacancy Rate: 6.38%
22,974
31,031
FIGURE 2.13: Households Spending +30% of Household Income on
Mortgage (Ownership Options)
FIGURE 2.15: Households Spending +30% of Household Income on
Rent and Utilities (Rental Options)
Demand
·With a growth rate of 1.5% annually, the city will reach a
population of 31,000 by 2035. To support this growth, the city
will need to add approximately 175 units annually including
single-family detached homes, single-family attached homes,
townhomes, and multi-family units.
·Brookings has added an average of 153 new housing units per
year (Figure 2.11) which is less than recommended. Reasons
may include: developers being conservative absorbtion
rates; a limited number of developers; a limited amount of
development capital; and the scarcity of developable land.
34
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
INTRODUCTION
A city's transportation system is inextricably linked with the
character of a community and its land use character. Many
considerations come together through individual decisions:
·the type and priority of transportation modes that will be
incorporated into land development policy,
·the connectivity of the overall transportation system and the
way it is expressed in new developments, and
·the exact specifications of system improvements.
These considerations - both large and small - must come together
if the system is to effectively serve the population.
TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS
·Brookings Area Transportation Authority (BATA) On-
Demand Bus Service. BATA is a demand-response door-
to-door public transit system that serves a radius of
approximately 50 miles, including three round-trips to Sioux
Falls each day. They are a Medicaid provider with funding
from federal, state, local resources (fares, contracts, city,
county, United Way, Medicaid, advertisings, donations) with
40 employees and a fleet of 25 vehicles. The economic impact
of public transportation for a community is significant. For
every dollar invested in public transit, a return of $1.90 is
found. BATA provides a valuable, well-used, and growing
service for residents of Brookings - it is important that this
service continue and be expanded.
·Safe Ride. Operated by BATA with financial support through
SDSU and local sponsors, the program offers two routes to
connect the downtown district with various destinations
during the academic year. During the 2014-15 academic year,
the Safe Ride Program provided 16,224 rides.
TRANSPORTATION
& MOBILITY
EXISTING CONDITIONS AT A GLANCE
MAJOR THEMES:
A Mobility Approach
The term "transportation" is often synonymous
with roads and automobiles. While automobiles will
remain a major part of the transportation system,
the continued integration of alternatives will improve
the level of service to residents. After all, the focus
of a transportation system should be to move people
most efficiently, not cars.
Transportation Options
·Residents have multiple transportation options
available, however few offer the same freedom
and comfort as the automobile at this time.
Many residents walk or ride a bike as part of
their daily transportation routine and many
also use the on-demand bus service. A system
that emphasizes these alternative modes would
allow for more equitable access to the freedom
of movement.
·Expanding alternative modes requires that
a focus be placed on improving the comfort,
safety, and convenience of alternative
transportation.
Access and Connectivity
·Piecemeal development often limits the
accessibility and connectivity between
developments. Improving access and
connectivity must integrate the development
of land in a way that aligns with a future
transportation plan.
·Connectivity and innovating approached such
as "complete streets" allow for alternative
transportation, makes walkable neighborhoods,
reduces future congestion, is financially prudent
in terms of land development, and allows for
prompt and reliable emergency service.
35
2BUILDING THE PLAN
72 Hour407 3rd Ave.
Monument View Apts.410 Honor Dr.
Meadows Apts.718 11th St.
8th St. & 9th Ave.
824 8th St.
7th St. & 12th Ave.703 12th Ave.
McDonalds
716 16th Ave.
Village Square Apts.1904 8th St.
Blues Apts.
2225 Nicole Ln.
Countryside Villas2235 10th St.
10:00
2
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2
1
3
4
5
6
NORTH ROUTE SOUTH ROUTE Brookings
High SchoolMedary
Elementary
School Park
Pioneer Park
2
3
4
6
59th Ave8th Ave7th Ave6th Ave11th St
Harvey Dunn St
9th St
8th St
7th St 7th St 14th AveJackrabbit Ave8th St
20th Ave6th St
Medary Ave9th Ave8th Ave7th Ave17th Ave22nd AveOrcha
r
d
D
r
2nd St SMain Ave6th St WWestern AveW 2nd St S
Medary Ave SMedary Ave SMain Ave3rd Ave1st Ave5th Ave6th Ave3rd Ave2nd Ave1st Ave4th St 11th Ave12th Ave S13th Ave 15th Ave 14th Ave 16th Ave Medary Ave5th St
22nd Ave S22nd Ave S17th Ave S20th St S20th St S
Main Ave SW 8th St SWestern Ave
S
8th St S
12th St S12th St S
3
4
1
2
5
6 7
8
9
Hy-VeeGeorge
Mickelson
Middle School
McCrory
Gardens
Sexauer Park
Hillcrest
Park
South Dakota
State University
FRIDAY & SATURDAY9:00PM - 2:30AMFREE RIDE
10:29 10:59 11:29
10:03 10:33 11:03 11:33
10:08 10:38 11:08 11:38
1st Call 2
nd Call 3
rd Call Last Call
10:10 10:40 11:10 11:40
10:12 10:42 11:12 11:42
10:14 10:44 11:14 11:44
10:17 10:47 11:17 11:47
10:20 10:50 11:20 11:50
10:22 10:52 11:22 11:52
72 Hour
407 3rd Ave.
Onaka Tr. & Thunder Pass
870 Onaka Trail
The Depot921 20th St. S.
Sawgrass
1410 Sawgrass Dr.
Mickelson Middle1201 17th Ave. S.
Southland1009 Southland Ln.
10:00 10:30 10:59 11:29
10:05 10:35 11:05 11:35
10:12 10:42 11:12 11:42
1st Call 2
nd Call 3
rd Call Last Call
10:16 10:46 11:16 11:46
10:20 10:50 11:20 11:50
10:25 10:55 11:25 11:55
THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS
Visit us online | sdstate.edu/wellness-center/safe-ride-home
Questions? Contact Mariah.Weber@sdstate.edu or (605) 688 4585
Kevin Witte
After 12:30AM, we ONLY pick-up from
Downtown Brookings and drop off at
requested stops on route.
605.695.3984
72 Hour407 3rd Ave.
Monument View Apts.410 Honor Dr.
Meadows Apts.718 11th St.
8th St. & 9th Ave.824 8th St.
7th St. & 12th Ave.703 12th Ave.
McDonalds716 16th Ave.
Village Square Apts.1904 8th St.
Blues Apts.
2225 Nicole Ln.
Countryside Villas2235 10th St.
10:00
2
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2
1
3
4
5
6
NORTH ROUTE SOUTH ROUTE Brookings
High School
Medary
Elementary
School Park
Pioneer Park
2
3
4
6
59th Ave8th Ave7th Ave6th Ave11th St
Harvey Dunn St
9th St
8th St
7th St 7th St 14th AveJackrabbit Ave8th St
20th Ave6th St
Medary Ave9th Ave8th Ave7th Ave17th Ave22nd AveOrcha
r
d
D
r
2nd St SMain Ave6th St WWestern AveW 2nd St S
Medary Ave SMedary Ave SMain Ave3rd Ave1st Ave5th Ave6th Ave3rd Ave2nd Ave1st Ave4th St 11th Ave12th Ave S13th Ave 15th Ave 14th Ave 16th Ave Medary Ave5th St
22nd Ave S22nd Ave S17th Ave S20th St S20th St S
Main Ave SW 8th St SWestern Ave S
8th St S
12th St S12th St S
3
4
1
2
5
6 7
8
9
Hy-VeeGeorge
Mickelson
Middle School
McCrory
Gardens
Sexauer Park
Hillcrest
Park
South Dakota
State University
FRIDAY & SATURDAY9:00PM - 2:30AMFREE RIDE
10:29 10:59 11:29
10:03 10:33 11:03 11:33
10:08 10:38 11:08 11:38
1st Call 2
nd Call 3
rd Call Last Call
10:10 10:40 11:10 11:40
10:12 10:42 11:12 11:42
10:14 10:44 11:14 11:44
10:17 10:47 11:17 11:47
10:20 10:50 11:20 11:50
10:22 10:52 11:22 11:52
72 Hour407 3rd Ave.
Onaka Tr. & Thunder Pass870 Onaka Trail
The Depot
921 20th St. S.
Sawgrass1410 Sawgrass Dr.
Mickelson Middle1201 17th Ave. S.
Southland1009 Southland Ln.
10:00 10:30 10:59 11:29
10:05 10:35 11:05 11:35
10:12 10:42 11:12 11:42
1st Call 2
nd Call 3
rd Call Last Call
10:16 10:46 11:16 11:46
10:20 10:50 11:20 11:50
10:25 10:55 11:25 11:55
THANKS TO OUR SPONSORS
Visit us online | sdstate.edu/wellness-center/safe-ride-home
Questions? Contact Mariah.Weber@sdstate.edu or (605) 688 4585
Kevin Witte
After 12:30AM, we ONLY pick-up from
Downtown Brookings and drop off at
requested stops on route.
605.695.3984
FIGURE 2.17: Safe Ride Transit Route ·Road System. The road system is in good condition and
serves all areas with limited congestion. Challenges include
the Interstate which divides the city and the maintenance and
enhancement of the system while serving new development.
·Emerging Bicycle System. The Bicycle Master Plan illustrates
opportunities for future trail development and for the creation
of an on-street bicycle network. Brookings was recognized
as a Bicycle Friendly Community (Bronze Level) in 2016.
Continued emphasis on the integration of the Bicycle Master
Plan recommendations into the city transportation plan will
continue to bolster the effectiveness of the bicycle system.
·Pedestrian System. The majority of neighborhoods are
served by sidewalks. While it is possible and appropriate to
include the trail system as part of the pedestrian system, it is
important to note that this provides a recreational amenity
but not a particularly convenient transportation option for
walkers.
FIGURE 2.16: BATA Ridership
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
102,415 104,798
115,821 116,972
103,296 107,313
118,662
147,462 150,165
36
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
BICYCLE MASTER PLAN
·The City of Brookings recently developed and adopted its
Bicycle Master Plan to make the community more bicycle
friendly. This plan recommends additional bicycle facilities
(on-street and off-street) to supplement existing bicycle and
trail infrastructure. The framework of recommendations are
illustrated in Figure 2.18.
FIGURE 2.18: Functional Road Classification SystemFIGURE 2.17: Bicycle Master Plan
ROAD SYSTEM
·Functional Classifications. To align facilities and facility
improvements with federal funding mechanisms, communities
often adopt a functional classification system for their roads
network. Figure 2.19 illustrates the hierarchy of streets based
on their role within the community including Interstate
Highways, Arterials, Collectors, to Local Streets.
37
2BUILDING THE PLAN
FIGURE 2.19: Inflow/Outflow Commute Patterns
FIGURE 2.20: Means of Commuting to Work
NUMBER PERCENT
Car, truck, or van - drove alone 8,945 74.81%
Car, truck, or van - carpooled 1,468 12.28%
Public transportation 0 0.00%
Taxicab, motorcycle, bicycle, walked,
or other means 1,241 10.38%
Worked at home 303 2.53%
Total 11,957 100%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 2016 Estimates
TRANSPORTATION USE
Trip Types
·People use the transportation system for a variety of
purposes including: commuting to/from their jobs,
transportation as part of industry including freight deliveries,
and household trips for personal services. For the purpose of
simplicity, the analysis will focus on transportation to/from
primary jobs.
Inflow / Outflow Analysis (Brookings City).
·Of the total labor force working or living in Brookings:
approximately 50% commute into the city for work,
approximately 33% live and work in Brookings, and the
remaining 17% travel outside of Brookings for work. The
transportation system should accommodate each of these
distinct user groups.
Inflow / Outflow Analysis (Brookings County).
·Of the total labor force working or living in Brookings County:
approximately 33% commute into the county for work,
approximately 46% live and work within Brookings County,
and the remaining 20% travel outside of the county for work.
Mode of Commuting to Work
·Like many communities throughout the country, the
majority of commute trips are made in automobiles
without passengers (74.81%). Unlike many communities,
the alternatives comprise a relatively large share with
12.28% carpooling and 10.38% bicycling, walking, or using
alternatives.
8,445 5,620 2,857
6,681 9,277 4,087
Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Average 2011, 2013, and 2015 Data
38
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
INTRODUCTION
Municipal services create the framework on which the community
and its quality of life are built. These services are within the direct
control of the city with immediate, short-term, and long-term
responsibilities.
FACILITY ANALYSIS
·Brookings City & County Government Center. A joint
government center for city and county operations. Built in
2012, the building is in very good condition.
·Brookings Public Library. Built in 1976 with a remodel and
addition in 1999, the facility is nearing its capacity while
experiencing an increase in the maintenance issues due to
age.
·Brookings Health System. The original hospital was
constructed in 1964, the Neighborhoods at Brookview in 2013,
and the new expansion and renovation of the hospital in 2017.
The hospital is in good condition with a plan for continued
improvements in the near future.
·Swiftel Center. Managed by VenuWorks and owned by the
City of Brookings, the Swiftel Center can accommodate a
variety of events ranging from 50 attendees to 6,500. The
facility is in good condition, but more extensive mechanical
and operation improvements will be necessary in the coming
years.
MUNICIPAL
SERVICES
EXISTING CONDITIONS AT A GLANCE
MAJOR THEMES
Foundational to Urban Life
·The services provided by the city are
fundamental to the quality of life that residents
can experience in a particular place. The
framework of municipal services are broad
including police and fire protection, park and
recreation amenities, and cultural offerings such
as the public library and the activity center.
·Holistic municipal services that are accessible to
residents and supportive of their needs allows
for healthy neighborhoods, a healthy business
community, and a healthy relationship with the
environment.
Maintain and Expand
with Growth
The city currently provides a variety of high quality
services to the public. The city must continue to
evaluate and maintain its facilities and services while
also planning for how it will serve growth areas and
the growing population.
39
2BUILDING THE PLAN
FIGURE 2.21: Municipal Service Facilities ·Brookings Municipal Airport. The airport offers a 6,000
foot runway and the environmental assessment has been
completed to expand the runway to 7,000 feet, a length
considered optimal for a general aviation airport. The runway
and support facilities are in good condition. However, due to
the proximity to Sioux Falls it is unlikely that commercial air
service will return to Brookings.
·Brookings Municipal Liquor Store. Built in 2006 and located
on 22nd Avenue South, the facility is heavily used and is in
good condition. A new satellite location may be considered in
the next 5-10 years.
·Brookings Regional Landfill. Built in 1992 and located
northeast of Brookings on 30th Street, the landfill and its
support buildings are in good condition. Sufficient land-
banking has allowed for growth.
·Street Department. A new state-of-the-art street
maintenance facility was completed in 2016 and is in excellent
condition.
·Public Safety Center. With segments of the center built in
1965 (south) and 1982 (north), the condition and future of the
current facility requires study due to an assortment of issues
including HVAC, plumbing, and electrical.
40
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
·Fire Department Facilities. The Brookings Fire Department
employs a force of three career members and 45 professional
volunteers to service the City of Brookings, 186 square miles
of Brookings County, and 27 square miles in Moody County.
Fire operations include the following facilities.
›Main Station, on 3rd Avenue (Good Condition)
›South Main Station, on 26th Street S. (Excellent Condition)
›Training Station, on 32nd Street S. This is a
decommissioned fire response station and the current
plans are to convert it to a firefighting training facility,
›22nd Avenue Station (Moderate Condition)
›Fire Hall, on 20th Avenue (Excellent Condition)
›East Station, on 20th Avenue (Good Condition)
·Fire Department Service. Of the total number of calls, 73.16%
come from within the City of Brookings, 4.32% from SDSU
property, and the remainder from rural areas. For calls within
the city limits, the average response time was four minutes
38 seconds which is consistent with the national standard of
approximately four minutes.
FIGURE 2.22: Fire Service Response Times
41
2BUILDING THE PLAN
Servicing Growth and Existing Development
·Maintain current metrics. Certain facilities can be increased
proportionately to the increase in population.
·Pursue national metrics. For facilities where a national metric
exists - such as parks, fire response, and fire rating - the city
should strive to achieve the national standard.
·Pro-active evaluation and budgeting. The provision of
municipal services is never a one-time investment, but instead
requires attention and reinvestment through the life-cycle
of the facility or equipment. Facilities should be evaluated
regularly and improved to ensure they remain in a state of
good repair.
42
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
INFRASTRUCTURE
EXISTING CONDITIONS AT A GLANCE
MAJOR THEMES
Foundation to Urban Life
The city infrastructure networks provide the
foundation on which urban life in Brookings is built.
Without the water, sewer, stormwater, electrical,
and telecommunication systems, the city would be
unable to exist.
A Network of Providers
Infrastructure is often developed through an
interplay of several organizations including the City
of Brookings, Brookings Municipal Utilities, and in
some cases, with the private market.
Maintenance and Expansion
The city will continue to experience growth. Meeting
those demands through proper and efficient
extension of services will ensure a system that can be
supported and maintained by future generations.
INTRODUCTION
Much in the same way that municipal facilities and public safety
are a prerequisite to urban life, so too is infrastructure. The
breadth of infrastructure provided by the City of Brookings
and affiliate organizations is vast. The story of Brookings'
infrastructure systems must be one of both maintenance and
prudent expansion.
A NETWORK OF PROVIDERS
·City of Brookings
·Brookings Municipal Utilities
·Swiftel - Brookings Municipal Utilities
·Private Utility Providers
43
2BUILDING THE PLAN
A NETWORK OF INFRASTRUCTURE TYPES
Storm Sewer System
·Operating Premise.
›The storm sewer system manages and conveys storm
water runoff created by rainfall events in a manner that is
safe and reduces localized flooding
›Any drainage structure or feature, manmade or natural,
public or private, that conveys storm water is inherently
part of the storm sewer system. This includes piping,
streets, curbs, inlets, ditches, swales, streams, detention
basins, etc.
›In general, the storm sewer system in the public right-of-
way is designed to carry storm water both in the street and
in underground piping.
›Storm water flows are gravity-driven; flowing from
upstream land to downstream land, regardless of
jurisdiction, ownership, etc.
·Maintenance of Existing. Many of the developed sections of
the city are served by underground stormwater infrastructure.
The City of Brookings has been continually evaluating the
capacity of its system to serve its users, upgrading sections to
increase capacity, and replacing aging sections.
·Expansion to Serve Growth. The system must be expanded
to serve new development areas. The expansion of services is
provided at the cost of private development or in partnership
with the city.
›New Additions. Most often, the need to expand the
system is driven by the land development. In the most
simple scenario, the system is expanded from the end of
the existing system through the new development area.
This assumes that the downstream system has sufficient
capacity.
›Capacity and Up-sizing. If the system does not have
sufficient capacity to handle the combined load of the
current demand and additional development area, the
system capacity would need to be increased. As this
can be very costly, it is best to build infrastructure to the
anticipated long-term demand.
·Detention and Retention Basins. City standards require that
developments incorporate systems to limit the peak runoff
flow to the pre-development level for a certain storm event
(intensity and duration) before the storm water leaves the
development; most often this requirement is met through
the creation of a stormwater basin. These basins usually
remain the responsibility of the developer or homeowners
association.
44
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
Sanitary Sewer System
·Brookings Municipal Utilities. The sanitary sewer system is
installed and maintained by Brookings Municipal Utilities.
·Operating Premise.
›To efficiently direct sewage to central treatment facilities.
›Comprised of collection pipes, pump stations, and
treatment facilities.
›Like the stormwater system, much of the sanitary system
uses gravity but with a greater reliance on pump stations
that can be either publicly or privately owned.
·Maintenance of Existing. The developed sections of the city
are served by underground sanitary sewer infrastructure.
Often the age of the infrastructure corresponds to the age of
the development. Due to the age and underground location
of the infrastructure, it is costly to maintain and replace
segments.
·Expansion to Serve Growth. The system must be expanded
to serve new development areas. Expansion of service is done
at the cost of the private development or in partnership with
the city.
›New Additions. Most often, the need to expand the system
is driven by land development. In the most simple scenario,
the system is expanded from the end of the existing system
through the new development area. This assumes that the
downstream system has sufficient capacity.
›Capacity and Up-sizing. If the system does not have
sufficient capacity to handle the combined load of the
current demand and the additional development area,
the system capacity would need to be increased. As this
can be very costly, it is best to build infrastructure to the
anticipated long-term demand.
·Treatment Facility. The Brookings Wastewater Treatment
Plant is located three miles south of the community. The plant
was recently upgraded to serve the growing needs of the
community.
·Industrial Pretreatment. Certain types of new industrial and
business users are required to complete pre-treatment of
their sanitary sewage to be in compliance with Environmental
Protection Agency standards.
45
2BUILDING THE PLAN
Water Treatment, Storage, and Distribution
·Brookings Municipal Utilities. The water system is installed
and maintained by Brookings Municipal Utilities.
·Operating Premise.
›To provide clean water to users on demand.
›Comprised of nine wells, two ground storage reservoirs,
four storage tanks, four elevated storage tanks, two water
plants, and a system of distribution pipes.
›The water is extracted from the ground using pumps and
directed to the treatment plans and then to the storage
tanks and towers.
·Maintenance of Existing. The developed sections of the
city are served by the oldest water lines. Due to age and
underground location of the infrastructure, it is very costly to
maintain and replace segments.
·Expansion to Serve Growth. The system must be expanded
to serve new development areas. Expansion of the service is
done at the cost of the private development or in partnership
with the city.
·Water Towers. Situated throughout the city, the treated water
is directed to the four water towers for distribution.
·Wellfield and Wellhead Protection Areas. Located in two
wellfields, the city harvests its water supply from a total
of nine wells. The city is located near abundant sources of
high quality water that is free of heavy metals and organic
contaminants. The wellfields should be protected from
environmental contamination through controls including
limits of new private wells and the location of new industrial
and heavy agricultural operations.
·Water Treatment Plants. The city water supply is treated at
two water plants.
Swiftel Telecommunications
·Brookings Municipal Utilities. The Telecommunications
system is provided by Brookings Municipal Utilities under the
Swiftel name.
Electrical System
·Brookings Municipal Utilities. The electrical system is owned
and operated by Brookings Municipal Utilities. The system is
comprised of five substations with connecting distribution
lines. The system is well positioned to accommodate
additional growth with limited additional infrastructure.
46
FIGURE 2.23: Sanitary Sewer Gravity Collection Areas
Gravity
Collection
Area 1
Gravity
Collection
Area 2
Gravity
Collection
Area 3
Gravity
Collection
Area 4
47
FIGURE 2.24: Water Distribution System
48
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
PARKS AND
RECREATION
EXISTING CONDITIONS AT A GLANCE
MAJOR THEMES
System Expansion
Over the years, the city’s population and land area
have grown. The park system will need to continue to
grow to offer all residents high quality parks in close
proximity. Partnerships and funding sources can be
leveraged to assist in expansion of the system while
maintaining existing parks.
Park Dedication
Park expansion should follow new development
and the residents that will benefit most from the
development. The city should work with developers
to ensure residents’ park needs are met and to create
highly marketable and quality developments, that are
maintained long term.
Multi-Purpose Drainages
·One way to expand and connect the city’s
recreation system is by multi-purposing
drainages and environmentally sensitive areas
to support stormwater management and
greenspace - both active and passive.
·This system can function as linear parks and
trails that safely connect major destinations and
recreation features.
Parks Master Plan
The city has developed and adopted a parks
master plan that should be viewed as an extension
of this document.
INTRODUCTION
Brookings' park and recreation system offers a high level of
service and a wide range of recreational options to its residents.
Park and recreation opportunities are a substantial part of a city’s
quality of life. In a legacy that continues to this day, community
leaders see both the recreation and economic benefits of city parks.
DIRECT QUALITY OF LIFE AMENITY
As the most visible municipal amenity, the city park, trail, and
recreation system provides a direct service to the residents that is
relatively easy to measure.
SUPPORT FACILITY CONDITIONS
Comprised of approximately 42 facilities (32 park facilities and 10
support facilities), these resources are scattered throughout the
community. Additional analysis can be found in the 2030 Park
Master Plan. Highlights of the plan include:
›Armory Recreation Center (requires immediate attention)
›Hillcrest Aquatic Center (due to age and use, evaluate
facilities and mechanical elements and plan for upgrades)
›Food Pantry (poor to moderate condition)
›Parks (evaluate individually and plan for maintenance and
improvements)
PARKS, RECREATION, AND FORESTRY
49
2BUILDING THE PLAN
FIGURE 2.25: Park Resources
50
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
FIGURE 2.26: Park System - Level of Service
SUPPLY PER CAPITA STANDARD PER CAPITA
PERFORMANCE
GEOGRAPHIC
STANDARD EXAMPLE
Mini-Park 17.3 acres 0.25 - 0.5 acres per 1,000 residents 0.78 1/4 mile Lions Park
Neighborhood Park 109.5 acres 2.5 - 3.5 acres per 1,000 residents 5.32 1/2 mile Sexauer Park
Community Park 53.7 acres 2.5 - 5.0 acres per 1,000 residents 2.67 1-2 miles Larson Park
Special Use Park 491 acres Variable 24.49 Varies Dakota Nature Park
Source: 2030 Brookings Park Master Plan
SERVICE
Service is evaluated in three primary ways - total acres per capita,
park type per capita, and by geographic distribution.
·Total Acres Per Capita. A standard of 10 - 20 acres per
1,000 residents is the accepted standard. Excluding the
many special use parks, Brookings provides 8.55 acres per
1,000 residents - slightly less than recommended. Including
Specialty Parks, Brookings provides a wealth of parkland at
the upper end of the recommended supply.
·Park Type Per Capita. The park system meets all standards in
each category of park type. In addition, the community offers
many acres of special use park.
·Geographic Distribution. All residents should be within a
reasonable distance from a park (distance varies by park
type). The majority of residential areas are well served and the
master plan identifies new parks to serve developing areas.
2010 PARKS MASTER PLAN - PARKS &
RECREATION
The Brookings Park Master Plan, adopted in 2010, provides a
complete evaluation of service, facility inventory, and capital
projects that will be necessary in the short, middle, and long
term. The primary observations and findings follow.
·Primary Goals Categories.
›to strategically locate parks
›to maintain parks
›to provide quality experiences
·Value and Alignment with the Capital Improvement Plan. The
plan values the current park system at $17.8M. As an amenity
and as a public facility, maintenance and enhancement are
essential to quality of life and prudent leadership.
·Partnerships. The city should continue to work in cooperation
with partners to create parks, program spaces, and maintain
quality park facilities throughout the community.
·Maintenance and Funding. The most important issue is to find
adequate funding to maintain and replace existing facilities
and to make park and recreation facility improvements meet
the demands of the public at large.
2030
City of Brookings
4/27/2010
Park Master Plan
2010 PARKS MASTER PLAN - URBAN
FORESTRY
The City of Brookings has an urban forestry department
responsible for the development and maintenance of the city's
urban forest including parks, boulevards, and public grounds.
This resource contributes greatly to the current and future quality
of life that residents of Brookings enjoy.
·Urban Forestry Department Mission. To preserve and
perpetuate one of the community’s most valuable natural
resource and asset – its municipal forest of trees on public
property, including boulevards, parks and other city
properties.
·Primary Goal. Provide an ongoing city forestry public tree
management program to ensure long term survival and
continued development of our urban forest.
51
2BUILDING THE PLAN
FIGURE 2.27: Park Service Areas
52
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
SCHOOL FACILITIES AND SERVICE AREAS
·Brookings School District Comprehensive Facility Master
Plan. Adopted in August of 2017, the Facility Master Plan
examines the use, projected use, and condition of all facilities
in the system to determine a strategic plan for how the district
will evolve.
·Facilities.
›Dakota Prairie Elementary
›Hillcrest Elementary
›Medary Elementary
›Camelot Intermediary
›Mickelson Middle School
›High School
·Enrollment and Projections
›Enrollment increased by 19.4% from 1999 to 2015
›Enrollment projected to increase by 16.6% between 2015
and 2025.
›Enrollment has been steadily increasing in the K-4 grades
and remaining stable for the upper grade levels.
·Neighborhood Focus. The six public schools serve a large
swath of residential areas throughout Brookings. This
distribution makes the schools relatively accessible for
students to walk, ride a bike, ride a bus, or drive a short
distance to their school.
›The city and school district have developed co-located
facilies in several locations to the mutual benefit of each.
Examples include: Hillcrest Park & Elementary; Dwiggens
Medary Park, Medary Elementary & High School. This
collaboration should continue.
QUALITY OF LIFE
EXISTING CONDITIONS AT A GLANCE
MAJOR THEMES
Created by Many Factors
Many factors contribute to the quality of life that
individuals experience. This section will focus on the
quasi-public amenities that provide residents with the
opportunity to enjoy a high quality of life.
Educational Facilities
Educational facilities, including the SDSU campus,
function as neighborhood anchors but also a proxy for
the health of the community at large.
Cultural Facilities
These facilities allow residents to gather, socialize, and
enjoy their community.
Community and Neighborhood
Character
The character of the public environment dictates
the pride that its residents can have about their
community. Brookings' identity remains strong
as evident from its historic neighborhoods and
downtown, the quality of its parks and public facilities,
and the quality of new development.
Quality and Accessible Housing
It is especially difficult for a resident to enjoy a high
quality of life if they cannot find affordable and quality
housing opportunities. This issue is explored further in
the Housing and Neighborhoods Chapter.
53
2BUILDING THE PLAN
FIGURE 2.30: School Service AreasFIGURE 2.28: BSD Enrollment Trend by Grade
FIGURE 2.29: BSD Enrollment - Projected and Actual 1999 - 2025
1,500
1,400
1,300
1,200
1,100
1,000
900
800
700
600
500
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2001 2012 2013 2014 2015
4,000
3,800
3,600
3,400
3,200
3,000
2,800
2,600
2,400
2,200
2,000
199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025K-12 EnrollmentK-4
9-12
5-8
4,000
3,800
3,600
3,400
3,200
3,000
2,800
2,600
2,400
2,200
2,000
199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025K-12 Enrollment4,000
3,800
3,600
3,400
3,200
3,000
2,800
2,600
2,400
2,200
2,000
199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025K-12 Enrollment4,000
3,800
3,600
3,400
3,200
3,000
2,800
2,600
2,400
2,200
2,000
199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025K-12 Enrollment4,000
3,800
3,600
3,400
3,200
3,000
2,800
2,600
2,400
2,200
2,000
199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022202320242025K-12 Enrollment
54
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
SOUTH DAKOTA STATE UNIVERSITY
SDSU offers many quality of life features to the population. While
these facilities are designed for enrolled students, many are also
open to the general public. The following information is from the
SDSU Website.
·Coolidge Sylvan Theater. The Coolidge Sylvan Theatre is an
outdoor event space, dedicated in 1927 by Calvin Coolidge,
the only sitting U.S. President to ever visit SDSU. Ada
Caldwell, an art professor at State from 1899 to 1937, designed
the space. Located just off Medary Avenue, the green space
has several structures and wrought iron gates. This was the
site of several commencement exercises until 1973, when
Frost Arena was completed. Plays, presidential inaugurations
and outdoor celebrations are still held at the theatre.
·South Dakota Art Museum. Located on the west side of
campus, the South Dakota Art Museum is home to several
collections of people with an SDSU connection or to the state.
Paintings by Ada Caldwell, Harvey Dunn, Oscar Howe and
more are on display at the museum. Museum curators change
the exhibits every few months to provide a fresh display. The
building also has a lecture hall, along with a gift shop. While
admission to the museum is free, donations are appreciated.
·Sanford-Jackrabbit Athletic Complex. Sanford-Jackrabbit
Athletic Complex is an indoor training and competition facility
on the northeast side of campus. Located north of Dana J.
Dykhouse Stadium, it has an eight-lane, 300-meter track
and a 100-yard soy-based synthetic turf practice field. There
are also areas for sports medicine, physical therapy and
hydrotherapy, athlete training and strength and conditioning.
Observation rooms and office space are located here as well.
The use of this facility is restrictred to SDSU Athletics.
·Wellness Center. The Student Wellness Center has several
state-of-the-art fitness machines and equipment, wellness
classes and a conveniently located student health clinic.
There are three courts that can be used for basketball,
volleyball, soccer and more. A suspended, three-lane indoor
track oversees the Student Wellness Center. An indoor rock
climbing wall and two fitness studios are also available.
The Student Wellness Center is connected to the Stanley J.
Marshall Center where an indoor lap pool is located.
·McCrory Gardens. McCrory Gardens is a botanical garden &
arboretum operated and maintained by SDSU but open to
the public for the cost of admission. The gardens are funded
primarily by donations from the Friends of McCrory Gardens,
admission fees, other special gifts, and endowment returns.
McCrory Gardens has over 25 acres of formal display gardens
& 45 acres of arboretum featuring hundreds of different
flowers, trees, shrubs and grasses in harmonious settings
to display, educate, and further the development of new
varieties.
·Performing Arts Center. The Performing Arts Center (PAC)
serves SDSU and the Brookings Community as a joint
use facility. It is the home for great concerts and events
in the Larson Memorial Concert Hall, great studio theatre
productions and events in the Fishback Studio Theatre, and
great banquet and programs in the Roberts Reception Hall.
·Agricultural History Museum. The South Dakota Agricultural
Heritage Museum is the official state museum that collects,
preserves and interprets the history of agriculture in South
Dakota. The museum collection contains the following items:
approximately 3,500 agricultural and mechanical tools and
equipment; 1,500 items classified as building furnishings,
personal and recreational items; 8,300 communications and
documentary items, such as maps, prints and agricultural
business advertising; over 70,000 photographs of farms,
ranches, small towns, 4-H and Cooperative Extension
Services; and approximately 72 cubic feet of machinery
operator’s manuals, parts, lists, and sales literature.
55
2BUILDING THE PLAN
South Dakota State univerSity
2017-2018
GENERAL INFORMATION (605) 688-4151
www.sdstate.edu
University Boulevard
WARREN E. WILLIAMSON
INTRAMURAL FIELDS
PRACTICE FOOTBALL FIELDSDANA J.DYKHOUSESTADIUM
Jackrabbit AvenueCampanile AvenueCampanile AvenueCollege AvenueJackrabbit AvenueStadium RoadJackrabbit AvenueStudent Union Lane
JEROME J. LOHR BUILDING (SDSU FOUNDATION)
ADMISSIONS
AGRICULTURAL
EXPERIMENT STATION
RESEARCH FARMS
SEXAUERGREEN
UNIVERSITYARBOR DAY PARK
LOCAL FOOD &EDUCATIONCENTER
ARBORETUM
CONSTRUCTION
Site Fence
Building Site
Construction Zones
PAC expansion scheduled to be
completed by January 2019.
Wellness Center expansion scheduled
to be completed by July 2019.
Harding Hall renovation scheduled to
be completed by July 2019.
Stanley J. Marshall Center expansion
scheduled to be completed by
November 2018.
Animal Disease Research and
Diagnostic Laboratory expansion
scheduled to begin Spring 2018.
Steam Tunnel construction scheduled
to begin Spring 2018.
Parking/Access Roads
MAIN
Agricultural Engineering SAE D5
Alfred Dairy Science Hall SDS D3
Alpha Gamma Rho Fraternity (Men’s) F8
Alpha Xi Delta Fraternity (Women’s) G8
Alumni Center F2
Animal Disease Research &
Diagnostic Laboratory SAR C3
Animal Resource Wing SAW B3
Animal Science Complex SAS C3
Architecture, Mathematics
& Engineering Building SAME E4
Avera Health & Science Center SAV E3
Bailey Rotunda SRO E4
Berg Agricultural Hall SAG D3
Central Heating Plant SCP E4
Ceres Fraternity (Women’s) F8
Communications Center SCM E4
Coughlin Campanile SCAM E3
Crothers Engineering Hall SCEH F3
Daktronics Engineering Hall SDEH F4
Davis Dairy Plant SDSP D3
DePuy Military Hall SDP D4
Design Studio SCSD C2
Dykhouse Student-Athlete Center SDSC C5
East Headhouse SEHH C4
Edgar S. McFadden Biostress Lab SNP C3
Enrollment Services Center SESC D2
Admissions
Financial Aid
Facilities & Services SFS C4
Facilities & Services
Customer Service Center SFCS C4
Farmhouse Fraternity (Men’s) F8
Fishback Center for
Early Childhood Education SPC F3
Foundation Seed Conditioning SFSS C4
Grove Hall SGH E5
Harding Hall SHH F4
Horse Unit SHU B2
Horticulture Greenhouse SHG C4
Horticulture & Forestry SHF C4
Jerome J. Lohr Building
(SDSU Foundation) SFND F2
Library (Hilton M. Briggs) SBL D4
Lincoln Music Hall SLM E3
Local Food & Education Center B3
Medal of Honor Park D4
Morrill Hall SAD E3
Motor Pool SMP B4
North Headhouse SNHH B3
Old Horticulture SOHO E3
Performing Arts Center SPAC D6
Physiology Laboratory SPL C3
Plant Science Building SPSB C4
Plant Science Research Support
Center B4
President’s Home E2
Pugsley Center SPC F3
Sanford-Jackrabbit Athletic Complex SSJC B5
Scobey Hall SSB E2
SDSU Bookstore SSU E5
SDSU Disc Golf Course D7
Seedhouse SSD C3
Sigma Alpha Epsilon Fraternity (Men’s) G8
Solberg Hall SSO E3
Stanley J. Marshall Center SPE D6
Student Wellness Center SSWC D5
Testing Center SEM D3
The Barn SBA D3
University Arbor Day Park B2
University Parking Services SMPC C2
University Police Department SUPD C6
University Student Union SSU E5
Wagner Hall SWG E4
Warren E. Williamson
Intramural Fields D6
Wecota Annex SWX D2
Wecota Hall SWC E2
Wenona Hall SWE D2
West Hall SWH E2
Wintrode Student Success Center SWSC F3
Woodbine Cottage SWBC E2
Yeager Hall SYE D4
Veterans Affairs Office SBH E5
FOOD SERVICE
University Student Union SSU E5
Dairy Bar SDM D3
Hansen Hall SHN D2
Larson Commons SLC F6
RESIDENCE HALLS
Abbott Hall SAH E4
Ben Reifel Hall SREF F4
Binnewies Hall SBN F6
Brown Hall SBH E5
Caldwell Hall SCH E6
Hansen Hall SHN D2
Honors Hall SHON E5
Hyde Hall SHYD F5
Mathews Hall SMH E5
Meadows North Apartments SMN C1
Meadows South Apartments SMS D1
Pierson Hall SPR E5
Schultz Hall SSCH E5
Spencer Hall SSH E4
State Court Family Housing SSC F5
Thorne Hall STH E4
Waneta Hall SWN D2
Young Hall SYH E6
EVENT LOCATIONS
Agricultural Heritage Museum SAGM D2
Animal Science Arena SAA B3
Coolidge Sylvan Theatre SSY F3
Dana J. Dykhouse Stadium SDDS C5
Doner Auditorium SAD E3
Erv Huether Field B6
Fishback Studio Theater SPAC D6
Frost Arena SPE D6
Jackrabbit Softball Field B6
Larson Memorial Concert Hall SPAC D6
McCrory Gardens Education
& Visitor Center SMVC G9
Peterson Recital Hall SLM F3
Roberts Reception Hall SPAC D6
Rodeo Grounds B2
South Dakota Art Museum SMU E3
Volstorff Ballroom SSU D5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
65
76
83
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
MAP EFFECTIVE AUGUST 1, 2017. UPDATED JULY 2017.
xxxx copies, $x.xx each. UR037 7/17
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
10
11
12
13
15
16
17
18
20
22
23
25
9
14
26
27
28
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
40
42
43
44
45
46 47
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
65
66
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
64
19
24
29
41
60
61
39
48
111
63
59
67
21
62
5
49
75
FIGURE 2.31: 2017 SDSU Campus Map
INTEGRATED LAND USE VISION
3
The form of urban development arises from a combination of forces
including transportation patterns, private and public land development,
and environmental constraints. The integrated land use vision was
developed from detailed study of the community including its growth
patterns, pressures, and personalities.
58
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
FOUNDATIONS OF GROWTH & LAND USE
Brookings Land Use and Development Principles: Desired characteristics for Brookings
USE URBAN SERVICES EFFICIENTLY
Contiguous and compact development, similar to the city’s
historic patterns, helps preserve the character of Brookings as
it grows. This type of development reduces costly infrastructure
extensions such as water, sewer, and roads by developing on
under-utilized infill properties or in strategic areas adjacent to
existing development. Contiguous development minimizes travel
distances and encourages development that is more accessible to
both pedestrians and cars.
PROMOTE DIVERSE HOUSING OPTIONS
Residents have expressed a clear desire for more diverse housing
options, at prices that more people can afford. At the same
time, housing needs and preferences are diversifying. The Baby
Boomer and Millennial generations are demonstrating a growing
preference for smaller lot homes and multi-family housing, in
addition to a continued interest in traditional single family homes.
A mix of entry level housing options will be important to retaining
young Brookings professionals. This diversity can be provided
through a mix of new housing units and the conservation of
existing housing units.
PROMOTE INFILL DEVELOPMENT
Infill development supports the economic value of Brookings'
existing neighborhoods by promoting investment in established
areas with existing capital assets, rather than solely at the fringe.
Infill development helps make full use of existing infrastructure,
thus limiting unnecessary expansions and associated expense.
Such developments are appropriate when they respect the
character of the surrounding neighborhoods.
ADDRESS STORMWATER MANAGEMENT AT
BOTH A LOCAL AND REGIONAL LEVEL
Preserving wetlands, low lying areas, and floodplains can protect
property values for adjacent and downstream developments,
enhance and connect the park system, reduce flooding and lower
development costs by providing more natural areas for water to
be absorbed while reducing the amount of fill needed on a site.
A network of natural preserve areas will enhance community
character, protect existing properties and future development
areas, and avoid short term rewards with long term costs.
PLAN FOR COMMUNITY AMENITIES SUCH AS
PARKS AND SCHOOLS
Parks, open space, schools, and other public places can serve
as neighborhood focal points that promote community activity,
personal interaction, a sense of place, and ultimately a sense
of ownership in the community. The City of Brookings Forestry
Department which plans for and maintains over 10,000 boulevard
trees and 10,000 trees within the parks system. Public art
installations and venues should be incorporated into these
amenities.
59
3AN INTEGRATED LAND USE VISION
PROVIDE A MULTI-MODAL AND CONNECTED
TRANSPORTATION NETWORK
A network of streets, trails, pedestrian paths and on-street
bike facilities should provide safe, efficient connectivity and
accommodate a diverse set of mobility needs and preferences.
Although not every street can or will accommodate all modes of
transportation, Brookings residents want to see more bike and
pedestrian options and new developments and redevelopments
need to accommodate these options.
ENHANCE PUBLIC SAFETY AND MINIMIZE
HAZARDS
Land use decisions have a wide variety of effects on public
safety and hazard mitigation. Preserving natural drainage-ways
to manage stormwater minimizes the risk of injury and property
damage due to flooding. A well-connected transportation
network promotes better emergency service provision and
evacuation routes in case of large-scale hazards. A mixture of
land uses within neighborhoods enhances security by creating
activity and “eyes on the street” throughout the day.
ENCOURAGE BALANCED AND CONNECTED
NEIGHBORHOODS
Residents often spoke of the need for a greater sense of
“neighborhood.” Balanced neighborhoods provide residents
with easy access to a variety of places to live, shop, work, play,
and engage in community life. Mixing compatible uses, such as
a corner store or school in a residential neighborhood, creates a
sense of community and promotes efficiencies in infrastructure
and travel times. Balanced neighborhoods offer a variety of
housing options, access to open space, and contain activity
centers such as parks, schools, civic centers, or commercial
areas that are well connected to surrounding neighborhoods.
Appropriate transitions should be made between higher intensity
uses, such as industry, and lower intensity uses, such as homes.
USE PUBLIC INVESTMENTS TO PROMOTE
PRIVATE DEVELOPMENT
Brookings' public investments in streets, water, sewer, parks
and civic facilities can be leveraged to promote private
investments. When strategically located, a new park or public
building can inspire private residential development, while
targeted infrastructure improvements can attract new industry.
Any infrastructure extension should be done with the goal of
maximizing private investment, thus supporting the long term
costs associated with any infrastructure or facility.
MAKE DECISIONS IN A TRANSPARENT AND
COLLABORATIVE MANNER
Land use and environmental decisions should be made through a
transparent process, with opportunity for input from all citizens
and affected entities, such as the county or school district.
Creation and implementation of land use decisions should be
shared responsibilities that promote quality living environments
and efficient use of fiscal resources.
60
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
WHERE WE GROW: ENVIRONMENTAL
FRAMEWORK
Brookings' natural environment can both be a major hurdle
and a tremendous asset to the city's future growth. Preserving
floodplains and wetlands can increase property values for
adjacent development, enhance and connect the park system,
protect plant and animal habitats, and reduce flood risk by
providing natural stormwater drainage. But Brookings is nearly
surrounded by floodplain and wet soils, potentially making
development more expensive. For Brookings, environmentally-
aware development is especially important, both in how
stormwater is managed but also how efficiently land is used.
MAJOR THEMES
·Floodplains. Much of the land surrounding Brookings is
restricted by floodplains and a high ground water table.
Due to the increased risk to life and property, floodplain
development should be minimized which thus limits potential
growth directions.
·High Ground Water Table. The depth to groundwater plays
a role in the cost of development in several ways: impact on
soil conditions, soil saturation and impact on foundations,
and its contribution to surface conditions including flooding
and wetlands. While areas with a high ground water table
have traditionally been addressed through fill dirt and
designing developments without basements, it can be
difficult to determine the impact of fill and detention on the
flow of groundwater and the additional costs to homeowners
today or in the future. A geotechnical report would indicate
recommended actions to mitigate issues caused by soil and
ground water issues.
·Resource Extraction Areas. Areas throughout the region
exhibit conditions desirable for resource extraction – most
commonly gravel. Once the resources are extracted, the
pit is often filled with water to form a pond; thoughtful
operations often consider how the land can be configured to
create a residential neighborhood once the land extraction
is completed and the pit either filled or incorporated into the
development as a practical aesthetic feature that can provide
storm water benefits.
CONTEXT
FLOOD PLAINS
·100 Year Flood Plain. An area prone to inundation
by a 100-year flood event (an event with a 1% annual
probability or that over the course of a 30-year
mortgage has a 26% chance of being flooded at
least once). These areas are severely limited from
development and are subject to many additional
requirements. It is difficult to mitigate these issues
responsibly and the extent of these areas should
continue to be studied. Development should not
occur in the 100-year floodplain unless the impact
can be responsibly mitigated.
·500 Year Flood Plain. An area prone to inundation
by a 500-year flood event (an event with a 0.2%
annual probability). These areas are limited from
development, but issues can typically be mitigated
responsibly without significant negative impact to
the overall flow of water. Development may occur
in the 500-year floodplain if it can be made flood-
resistant and be responsibly mitigated.
·Floodway. A regulatory floodway means the
channel of a waterway that must be reserved
in order to discharge the base flood without
cumulatively increasing the water’s surface elevation
more than a designated height. FEMA delineated
the floodways within Brookings’ corporate limits
but not the surrounding county areas. Development
should never occur in the floodway unless a no-rise
certificate is issued by a Professional Engineer.
61
3AN INTEGRATED LAND USE VISION
FIGURE 3.1: Environmental Limitations / Development Suitability Model
62
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
DEVELOPMENT SUITABILITY
Figure 3.1 identifies areas that should be preserved and/or
receive special consideration during development. The map was
created by overlaying various environmental features to identify
those areas where development should be avoided or will result
in significantly higher development costs.
Developers, the Planning Commission, City Staff, and City
Council should use the development suitability map to determine
if proposed developments adequately protect and preserve
sensitive environmental features. In the case that a proposed
development falls within an area with potential suitability
issues, it should undergo a detailed environmental analysis to
determine how to address environmental concerns. Specifically
a geotechnical assessment to determine the impact that
ground water will have on the development and surrounding
developments.
Factors Used to Create Suitability Map
·Wetlands. Areas of poorly drained soils characterized by
permanent or temporary soil saturation and occasionally
standing water. Wetlands perform an important ecological
function absorbing and slowing floodwaters, and providing
a habitat for plants and animals. Wetlands are protected by
state and federal law and must be preserved.
·Depth to Water. A seasonal high water table is the highest
average depth of water during the wettest season. The
ground water level, or water table, may be high year round or
just during periods of heavy rainfall. How high the water table
rises and how long it stays at that height affects the use of the
soil. A water table that rises above the surface is considered
ponding.
·Floodplain. An area susceptible to being inundated by a
flood event. The 100-year floodplain indicates a 1% chance
of flooding in any given year, while the 500-year floodplain
indicates a 0.2% chance of flooding in any given year.
·Soil Drainage Class. Drainage class refers to the depth,
frequency, and duration of periods of saturation or partial
saturation. Seven classes of natural drainage are used in soil
surveys. They range from excessively drained to very poorly
drained.
·Other Features. Additional environmental features were
considered, including slopes and land cover. Environmental
features are presented separately in maps in the appendix.
NATURAL
APPROACH TO
STORMWATER
Stormwater systems have traditionally focused
on collecting rainwater into networks of
pipes that transport water off-site quickly to
detention basins and creeks. In Brookings these
systems have also included water discharged
from sump pumps. These systems can be costly
to maintain and have negative side effects
such as stream bank erosion and contaminated
streams. Over the years Brookings has worked
to improve the ways it handles stormwater,
but often this is done on-site through small
detention basins or even underground basins.
Developments constructed before the detention
regulations, with a high degree of impervious
surfaces, still result in an overwhelming amount
of runoff, causing ponding and flooding during
rain events.
Brookings, like many communities, has been
trying to take a more natural approach to
stormwater, by preserving natural areas that
help mimic pre-development drainage patterns.
In the past this has included mitigation areas
to offset the wetlands lost to development.
However, as the city looks to the south where
water already naturally drains the focus must
shift to increasing the volume of stormwater
absorbed into the soil or stored in ponds.
Protecting this area allows it to continue serving
its natural function which is very important.
A natural system requires less costly hard
infrastructure and the gradual infiltration
results in less erosion and contamination in the
waterways.
63
3AN INTEGRATED LAND USE VISION
FIGURE 3.2: Projected PopulationHOW MUCH WE GROW
The conversations and input provided by business owners, SDSU,
and residents clearly identify strong growth potential for the city.
Chapter Two outlined the historic trends within the community,
which again, showed consistent and steady growth over the past
50 years.
POPULATION GROWTH
Establishing a population forecast for Brookings is complicated
by the student population – comprised of locals, newcomers,
and international students – which impacts the ability to identify
the permanent population, on which future population gains
should be calculated. There were three methods assessed for
determining the permanent population.
·Methodology 1: Exclude Full Time Enrollment. This model
removes non-traditional and those students who may have
local connections, and therefore likely overestimates the
student population impact on the city.
·Methodology 2: Exclude the Dorm Population (those in
group quarters). This model seeks to remove students who
attend SDSU from outside the region and will therefore be
less likely to establish themselves in the community upon
graduation. However, the model does not adequately account
for the large number of students living off-campus that will
likely leave Brookings upon graduation.
·Methodology 3: Excluding All Non-Resident Students and
80% of Resident Students. A hybrid of the first and second
models, the third methodology excludes 80% of full-time
students. This model recognizes the low retention rates for
the majority of the student population while also recognizing
that Brookings likely retains a share of the full-time students
who may have local connections or be non-traditional
students. Based on this methodology it is estimated that the
city's permanent population is approximately 11,800.
Building off a base population of 11,800 and the assumption
that the city has the potential to capture more growth, including
students, city should reach a total population of 31,000 by 2035.
LAND USE GROWTH
Population growth must be supported by new places for
people to live, work, and play. Therefore, population growth
has a direct correlation to the demand for new development or
redevelopment at higher densities.
Many factors effect how and where Brookings will grow, including
environmental factors, market preferences, and access to city
services. The land use planning process gave residents an
opportunity to make choices about what kind of community they
want to live in and the type of community they want to leave
for their children and grandchildren. In order to facilitate these
choices, a scenario planning process was undertaken with the
Steering Committee and shared with the public so that they could
visualize the consequences of choices made today.
Two growth scenarios were presented to the Steering Committee
and public.
·Trend Scenario. This scenario assumes that the city will
grow at the same density and patterns that it has in the past,
including a large number of single-family detached homes.
·Efficiency Scenario. This scenario assumes that development
will happen in a more compact manner, including a greater
variety of housing options on smaller lots and reflect the
national trend in smaller scale retail.
32,000
30,000
28,000
26,000
24,000
22,000
20,000
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
31,031
29,533
28,170
0.5% Annual Growth Rate 1% Annual Growth Rate 1.5% Annual Growth Rate
64
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
8,100 new
residents
(2015-2035)
8,100 new
residents
(2015-2035)
2,975 new
housing units
2,975 new
housing units
1,488 low
density (595
acres)
893 low
density (223
acres)
298 medium
density (50
acres)
893 medium
density (89
acres)
1,190 high
density (100
acres)
1,190 high
density (100
acres)
+
+
50%
30%
10%
30%
40%
40%
+
+
744 Acres
Residential
397 Acres
Residential
TREND SCENARIO*
EFFICIENCY SCENARIO*
0.21 Ratio of
Commercial
to Residential
0.21 Ratio of
Commercial
to Residential
0.57 Ratio of
Industrial to
Residential
0.57 Ratio of
Industrial to
Residential
157 Acres
Commercial
84 Acres
Commercial
421 Acres
Industrial
225 Acres
Industrial
* For additional detail see Appendix A
65
3AN INTEGRATED LAND USE VISION
Findings
·The trend scenario will require approximately double the
amount of land and infrastructure to support growth as the
efficiency scenario.
·If the trend model continues, the amount of developable land
adjacent to the city and outside of environmentally sensitive
areas will be quickly absorbed.
·Once developable land adjacent to the existing city and
services is built out, new growth with have to "jump" the
floodplain. This will likely happen to the north where land is
dry but still limited by SDSU agriculture research land.
·Extension of infrastructure past undevelopable land in the
floodplain will be costly for both residents and the city.
Key Findings
·Through the scenario planning process, the Steering
Committee found that continuing the trend model would be
difficult to do within areas that can be affordably served.
·During the Community Workshop, an overwhelming majority
of participants preferred mixed-use choices with greater
housing variety.
“High density housing with shared
green space. Provide locations for
urban agriculture..”
- Stakeholder Comment
“Need to mixed-uses. Co-locate
commercial and high density
residential together”
- Stakeholder Comment
“Infill is a good idea. Consider the
evolution of old houses around
campus”
- Stakeholder Comment
66
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
HOW WE GROW: VISUALIZING DENSITY
SINGLE FAMILY DETACHED SINGLE FAMILY ATTACHED
Development can occur in many ways - in different configurations, at different densities, and with different landscape, setbacks, and resource
management requirements. This board illustrates a variety of residential densities for context. All units are 1,200 - 2,000 square feet.
8 units
2.7 units / acre
75’ lots
12 units
4.0 units / acre
50’ lots
16 units
5.4 units / acre
40’ lots
12 units
4.0 units / acre
50’ lots
16 units
5.4 units / acre
40’ lots
18 units
6.0 units / acre
~35’ lots
20 units
6.7 units / acre
30’ lots
67
3AN INTEGRATED LAND USE VISION
MULTI-FAMILY
22 units
7.4 units / acre
32 units
10.7 units / acre
96 units
32.2 units / acre
64 units residential
1,000 square feet / ea.
21.5 units / acre
16 commercial bays
2,000 square feet / ea.
68
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
DEVELOPMENT POLICY AREAS
Drawing on the key themes from Chapters 1 and 2 and the
environmental assessment and guiding principles identified in
this chapter, general development policies can be tailored to the
city's unique development areas. For planning purposes, the city
is divided into four areas that share common issues, challenges,
and opportunities. The policies identified in the following section
should be viewed from a big-picture perspective, with the
goal of balancing neighborhoods and providing quality living
environments across the city.
CENTRAL DEVELOPMENT AREA
The Central Development Area is the core of the developed city.
This area has grown east, north, and south from the historic
downtown core. Housing has flourished to the south of the
railroad in the last several decades, mainly as single family homes
on larger lots. At the same time multi-family development has
tended to occur more in areas close to SDSU. Interstate 29 has
been a major driver of commercial and industrial development.
The city grew towards the interstate and to areas outside of the
floodplain which has left the downtown on the western edge of
the city, rather than in the traditional center.
Issues Facing the Area:
·Compatibility between land uses, specifically along
transitioning corridors like 6th Street.
·The railroad resulted in a development pattern to the south
with limited north-south connectivity.
WHAT IS LAND USE
INTENSITY?
Land use intensity is the relative level of activity of
a land use and the associated traffic flow, paving
(impervious coverage), and other external effects
such as noise, lighting and etc.
·Maximizing the reuse of infill sites.
·Neighborhood conservation.
·Continued enhancement to build the Brookings experience.
·Lack of neighborhood centers in the southern portion of
the area.
Policies
·Continue to maintain and improve public facilities and
infrastructure that support infill development and
reinvestment in the city's existing neighborhoods.
·Enable increased densities when impacts such as parking and
access are addressed.
·Direct medium and higher density residential uses to areas
adjacent to higher intensity assets or along major streets.
These areas include undeveloped land along 20th Street,
22nd Avenue, and Main Avenue South.
·Extend and connect existing arterial and collector street
system, like 15th Street South.
·Encourage mixed use developments with similar land use
intensities along arterial corridors.
·Direct higher intensity commercial uses to the I-29 interchanges.
·Neighborhood-oriented or lower intensity commercial uses
should be directed to mixed use areas along arterial streets
like 20th Street South.
·Protect existing drainage areas and wetlands and provide trail
corridors that connect to the city north-south.
·Continue to enforce property maintenance standards on both
private and public property.
·Evaluate signage and landscaping requirements along the
areas high-volume corridors.
·Follow the specific policies outlined in this plan for the 6th
Street corridor.
69
3AN INTEGRATED LAND USE VISION
FIGURE 3.3: Development Policy Areas
70
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
EAST DEVELOPMENT AREA
The East Development Area is a mixture of commercial and
industrial business located on the east side of Interstate 29.
Commercial and entertainment uses have concentrated around the
6th Street interchange. Major employment centers, like Daktronics,
are located north of the railroad. Resource extraction is a common
use south of the railroad surrounded by agricultural lands.
The area has potential for future development but also has some
limiting factors. The biggest limitations are the floodplain east
of 34th Avenue and the landfill north of 210th Street. However,
there are good opportunities for housing near jobs in mixed use
developments north of 6th Street and lake oriented development
south of the railroad.
Issues Facing the Area
·Limited access to the core of the city.
·Need for an additional interchange at 20th Street South.
·Mining practices that have created challenges for future
development and road expansions.
·Car dominated transportation with limited direct access
between jobs and housing.
·Infrastructure extensions and phasing.
Policies
·Business park and industrial areas should allow for a range
of industrial, office, or even retail development as long as it
supports or strengthens major employment uses.
·Site design should be done in a way that does not restrict future
development by creating fragmented parcels, or impeding
circulation or connections to future development areas.
·Provide adequate separation and buffering between higher
and lower intensity uses.
·Require adequate screening of outdoor storage areas,
preferably requiring that they are not visible from the I-29
corridor.
·Ensure proper circulation within and between developments.
·Provide proper wayfinding and gateway features at the major
interchanges.
71
3AN INTEGRATED LAND USE VISION
·Encourage more mixed use development, including residential
uses, that provide housing close to jobs.
·Commercial uses should avoid large expanses of concrete
that are visible from the interstate and do not integrate
stormwater management best practices.
·New developments along arterial streets should use shared
entrances and avoid multiple access points.
·Evaluate adopting a policy for geotechnical reports to be
submitted with any preliminary plat for properties located
within the environmentally constrained areas.
Business &
Economic
Development
The business community is exceptional today
and continues to grow based on its strengths -
a tech savvy and young workforce; a symbiotic
relationship with SDSU, and an entrepreneurial
spirit. These strengths allowed the business
community to grow to what it is today and, as
an asset, plays a major role in why Brookings
continues to grow.
The Brookings Economic Development
Corporation (BEDC) is the primary engine
for promoting economic growth in Brookings
and the surrounding area. BEDC serves as an
advocate for the business community by building
relationships with companies that allow them to
succeed by taking advantage of the area's unique
and progressive business environment.
Their economic development strategy is based
on four central principles:
·Community Development
·Business Development
·Workforce Development
·Entrepreneurship & Innovation
The economic development strategy has been
advanced through technical and financial
assistance but also through the creation of
physical assets including the business incubator,
makerspace, and the physical development lots
in the Innovation Campus.
Brookings should continue building a diverse
economy by strengthening existing ventures (ex:
by providing workforce housing), by incubating
and recruiting complementary business clusters,
and by accelerating new ideas and innovations
into business opportunities.
72
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
SOUTH DEVELOPMENT AREA
The South Development Area is located south of the Central
Development Area and west of I-29. The area has experienced
some of the city's newest development. Development in this area
that occurred before 2010 was generally configured as large lot
residential but in the last several years interest in a greater mix of
housing has grown.
Development in the area is severely limited by both the floodplain
and high water table. Much of the area is dotted by both small
and large wetlands.
Issues Facing the Area
·Frequent ponding during small rain events and water c
overing roads during larger rains or wet years.
·High development costs due to the high water table and
needed infrastructure.
·Limited access to city services in the eastern portions of
the area.
·Limited street connectivity due to large areas of
undeveloped land.
·Lack of neighborhood centers that serve existing and
future residents.
Policies
·Developments in areas where water and sewer service can be
extended efficiently should focus on higher density uses and
mixed uses that uses both the services and land in the most
efficient ways possible.
·Land use regulations in developing areas should focus on the
intensity of the use rather than just the type, allowing for more
mixing of compatible uses. The City and County should work
together to create shared ordinances for the joint jurisdiction.
·Wetlands and natural drainage ways should be interconnected
and create neighborhood and regional amenities.
·Transportation connectivity should be a priority and should
avoid overloading Main Avenue and Medary Avenue.
·Improved streets and any new streets should be designed as
complete streets, incorporating access for both motorists and
non-motorists.
·Evaluate adopting a policy for geotechnical reports to be
submitted with any preliminary plat for properties located in
environmentally constrained areas.
·A limited amount of larger lot or acreage development may
occur in areas where the water table is high. However, municipal
sewer may be required to ensure groundwater quality.
·Review the Joint Jurisdiction Boundary based on
development trends and adjust the boundary accordingly.
·Adopt a landscape ordinance for the Joint Jurisdiction area
to support attractive site design and a smooth transition from
city to county jurisdiction.
·Open spaces in this area should be designed as a community
asset to service residents of this and other parts of the city.
73
3AN INTEGRATED LAND USE VISION
NORTH DEVELOPMENT AREA
The Northern Development Area, located north of the Central
Development Area and the railroad, is composed mostly
of agricultural lands. It also has some of the "driest" land
surrounding Brookings. Much of the agricultural land north of
Highway 14 Bypass is owned by SDSU and used for research and
education. This land is essential to SDSU's mission and any future
development in the area should not infringe on these operations.
Issues Facing the Area
·A large floodplain separates developable land from the core
of the city and city services.
·SDSU's research farms are a high priority use, limiting where
development can occur.
·Infrastructure extensions into this area will be expensive and
likely require participation by the city.
·East-West Street connectivity will be limited due to the SDSU
property.
BUILD THROUGH
ACREAGES
Build Through Acreages allow for some
large lot development, if that development
is clustered on a larger site with the balance
of the site remaining open for future higher
density development. The development
should be designed to allow future municipal
services to serve the entire area in the most
efficient way possible.
Policies
·Significant infrastructure extensions into this area should only
occur after more cost effective extensions have been fully
developed.
·In areas where a detailed flood elevation has been
established, development can occur in the floodplain as long
as it is elevated, located outside of the floodway, and best
management practices are used to control the volume and
velocity of water.
·If a development is proposed in the floodplain, a detailed
flood elevation must be completed before a plat is submitted.
·Evaluate adopting a policy for geotechnical reports to be
submitted with any preliminary plat for properties located in
environmentally constrained areas.
·Some larger lot development may occur to the east of Medary
Avenue, adjacent to existing development. This development
must connect to city services, in order to avoid limiting future
extensions.
·Large lot development shall be discouraged south of 207th
Street unless it is done as a build through acreage. For the
purpose of this plan, large lot should be considered residential
development designed to R-1 or R-1A zoning standards.
74
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
LAND USE FRAMEWORK
LAND USE PHILOSOPHY: A FLEXIBLE
APPROACH
Contemporary growth in American cities has tended to separate
different land uses through zoning. The concept of single-use
zoning grew out of a need to separate people’s homes from
major industries, in order to protect their health. Still today, some
uses can produce so much traffic, noise, smells, or other effects
that separation remains the most appropriate policy. However,
increasingly, mixing compatible, and different uses is shown to
create interesting and attractive communities. The Brookings
Plan recommends a flexible land use approach that allows mixing
of uses.
A development pattern that encourages a mix of land uses and
activities has a variety of benefits:
·By promoting activity at various times of day, among various
types of uses, it increases security, vitality, and the number of
people using public spaces.
·Reduces the number of miles that people must travel daily by
car when homes are in close proximity to jobs and services.
·Opens opportunities to build a variety of housing types.
The development of housing above office and commercial
establishments adds vitality to business areas and increases
the economic yield on property.
·Nationally, more communities are finding that by mixing land
uses, neighborhoods are more attractive to residents.
·Plans and land development policies that provide appropriate
use mixing also provide greater flexibility for developers, and
avoid unnecessary regulation.
Brookings can achieve all these benefits by using a flexible land
use framework that allows for appropriate mixing of compatible
uses. The land use framework recognizes existing land use
patterns while establishing an intensity based approach for some
developing areas. While this approach may allow for land uses
with similar intensity to be integrated, each land use category has
unique requirements for the following attributes:
·Types of Allowable Uses
·Intensity, or density
·Compatibility (transitions between uses)
·Form, or design
In this section of the plan, each land use category is described
in terms of its purpose, form, uses, intensity, and compatibility
requirements.
USE: INTEGRATION AND MIXING OF USES
One advantage of an intensity based framework is its ability
to integrate different land uses. Uses may be integrated in two
ways: horizontally and/or vertically. Horizontal integration keeps
individual building purposes separate but relates buildings
harmoniously to each other. Vertical integration puts more than
one use in the same building. In Brookings, most of the major
corridors and nodes are in multiple-use categories, but certain
areas, such as industrial, and more remote residential areas are
still kept as single-use areas.
“Attract and enable interesting
specialty retail”
- Survey Comment
75
3AN INTEGRATED LAND USE VISION
Understanding Mixing of uses and Transitions
Horizontal Integration
HORIZONTAL
INTEGRATION
Horizontal integration of uses means that different
uses are housed in different buildings but are
related to each other.
VERTICAL
INTEGRATION
Vertical integration of uses means that different
uses are located in the same buildings.
76
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
Intensity
The Brookings land use framework designates how much
development occurs in an area and how that development affects
its neighbors. This is measured by intensity and/or density of
development. In residential areas, intensity is measured by
dwelling units per acre. For other uses, by factors such as the
amount of traffic that a project generates or how it affects its
neighbors to determine intensity. Intensity for non-residential
uses can also be measured by a factor called "floor area ratio"
(FAR), calculated by dividing building area by site area.
Low Intensity
Medium Intensity
High Intensity
77
3AN INTEGRATED LAND USE VISION
Compatibility
One of the most important concerns in land use planning
is the relationship between different uses and their relative
compatibility with each other. In areas where densities are low,
compatibility is usually achieved using spacing between buildings
and by congregating similar uses together. This simple method is
easy to administer and understand; however it can lead to some
undesirable conditions such as increased commute times, un-
walkable neighborhoods, and higher costs of utilities and public
services.
Compatibility in multiple-use districts can be attained in a more
nuanced way by focusing more on the performance (effects) of
various uses and designing land use regulations that allow for
more integration of uses. If carefully done, the integration of uses
can be achieved so that commute times become shorter, and
neighborhoods become more walkable and interesting, all while
preserving privacy, security and aesthetics.
The land use categories described in this plan exist on a
continuum of intensity, and therefore have a continuum of
Multi-Family
Apartments/Condos
Bi-Attached Homes
Townhomes
Single Family Homes
Neighborhood Park
Mixed-Use
(commercial & housing)
compatibility methods. As land uses become more intense and
uses become more integrated, compatibility methods focus
less on spacing and congregating of similar uses, and more on
performance-based methods that directly address issues such as
noise, traffic, privacy, and aesthetics.
It is important to remember that while the intensity-based
concept proposes mixing uses, it does not mean that every
land use is appropriate everywhere. Location standards and
compatibility requirements for higher impact uses are an
important part of the land use system proposed in this plan.
Form
Form relates to how the developments in the land use
categories are laid out, including the street pattern, the type of
infrastructure required, how buildings relate to each other (e.g.:
are buildings close together or separated?) and the relation
of buildings to the street. Form also includes the scale of the
buildings - the length, width and number of stories. The degree
to which the buildings in an area are similar to each other in
terms of these “form” characteristics impacts the perceptions of
compatibility, and therefore market value.
78
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
CAVEATS TO THE
FUTURE LAND
USE MAP
The development concepts and future land use map
are based on population projections, economic trends,
environmental analysis, and public input. The amount
of land that is planned for is greater than the projected
need, in order to provide market flexibility, avoid
creating a false land shortage, and provide
long-term planning. This means that many areas
shown in the maps are unlikely to develop in the
20-year time frame. Three important points about
the Development Concept and Future Land Use Map
1. PROPERTY OWNERS DECIDE
The Future Land Use map depicts new land uses
for privately owned properties. The transition
of these properties from their current use to the
depicted use is expected to occur slowly over
time, in response to market demands, as property
owners voluntarily sell, develop, or change the
use of their land.
2. GENERALIZED MAP
The Future Land Use map should be interpreted
generally and is not intended to provide the
specificity or the rigidity of a zoning map or
engineering document. The map should provide
guidance for the zoning map and is meant to show:
»Generalized land use locations and transitions:
The boundaries between land uses on the
map are “fuzzy” lines and are meant to show
approximate areas for transition, rather than
rigid boundaries. The exception to this are those
areas that preserve floodplains and wetlands.
»Collector and Arterial Street connections:
Critical arterial and collector street connections
are specified on this map, though the exact
routes will depend on detailed engineering
studies. Local streets will be determined as
development occurs.
3. BASIS FOR LAND USE DECISIONS
The Future Land Use map should provide the
basis for decisions of the Planning Commission,
the City Council, and private developers. The
map is a critical part of the approval process for
development proposals and zoning decisions.
My vision for the future of
Brookings: “A connected
community that focuses on
the interconnection between
environmental, economic, and
social sustainability.”
- Steering Committee Comment
79
3AN INTEGRATED LAND USE VISION
FIGURE 3.4: Development Concepts Map
80
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
FIGURE 3.5: Future Land Use Plan
81
3AN INTEGRATED LAND USE VISION
LAND USE:LOW DENSITY RESIDENTIAL
DESCRIPTION:
·Neighborhoods emphasizing single-family detached
homes, although other single-family attached and small lot
single-family homes may be permitted based on location.
POTENTIAL ZONING:
·Single-Family Dwelling District
INTENSITY (DU/A):
·1-4
USES:
Restrictive land use, emphasizing single-family detached
development, although innovative single-family forms may be
permitted with special review. Civic uses are generally allowed,
with special permission for higher intensity uses. Developments
will be provided with full city services.
FORM:
Developments should provide connectivity within and between
developments both for cars and pedestrians. A framework of
streets and open space should create a sense of neighborhood.
Densities should be higher at transition points with other more
intense uses or districts.
COMPATIBILITY:
Compatible with most single-family detached housing,
attached single-family and some townhome developments.
Traffic and higher intensity uses should be directed away from
these areas and along major thoroughfares. Building elements
and scale should be consistent with surrounding development.
PARKING:
·Majority accommodated off-street in private garages
and driveways with a limited amount of overflow parking
allowed onstreet.
·Due to the limited demand for on-street parking,
neighborhood streets can often be narrow with parking
limited to one-side.
82
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
LAND USE:MEDIUM DENSITY RESIDENTIAL
DESCRIPTION:
·Neighborhoods that incorporate a mix of housing types,
including single-family detached, single-family attached,
townhouse, and small lot single-family. Civic uses would
also generally be allowed.
POTENTIAL ZONING:
·Single-Family Dwelling District; Manufactured Housing
District; Townhouse Dwelling District; Two-Family Dwelling
District
INTENSITY (DU/A):
·4-12
USES:
Restrictive land use, emphasizing a mix of housing styles
including single-family detached, single-family attached, and
townhouses. Limited multi-family development may be allowed
with special review and criteria. Civic uses are generally
allowed, with special permission for higher intensity uses.
FORM:
High level of connectivity between and within developments.
Connections to neighborhood commercial services and
civic destinations should provide a sense of neighborhood.
Developments should have articulated scale and maintain
the identity of individual units. Densities should be higher at
transitions points with other more intensive districts.
COMPATIBILITY:
Applies to older established neighborhoods of the city which
have diverse housing types, and in developing areas that
incorporate a mix of development types. Projects may be
incorporated in a limited way into UR-L districts and into mixed
use projects and planned areas.
PARKING:
·Accommodated off-street in private garages and driveways
with a limited amount of overflow parking allowed on-
street.
·Due to the limited demand for on-street parking,
neighborhood streets can be narrow with parking limited to
one-side.
·Parking facilities should to manage storm water and be
screened from adjacent land uses.
83
3AN INTEGRATED LAND USE VISION
LAND USE:HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL
DESCRIPTION:
·Neighborhoods that incorporate a mix of housing types,
including multi-family housing and tiny homes. These areas
may also allow small scale office and commercial uses but
the primary use is residential.
POTENTIAL ZONING:
·Manufactured Housing District; Townhouse Dwelling
District; Two-Family Dwelling District; Multi-Family Dwelling
District; Business/Office District
INTENSITY (DU/A):
·12+
USES:
Allows multi-family and compatible civic uses. Some limited
office and convenience commercial within primarily residential
areas may be appropriate.
FORM:
Located at sites with access to major thoroughfares and
activity centers. Should be integrated into the fabric of nearby
residential areas, while avoiding adverse traffic and visual
impacts on low-density uses. Traffic should have direct access
to collector or arterial streets to avoid overloading local streets.
High level of pedestrian access and connectivity, avoiding the
creation of compounds.
COMPATIBILITY:
Conflicts with low density residential developments should
be resolved or minimized through project design. Traffic and
other external effects should be directed away from lower-
intensity uses. Landscaping, buffering, and screening should be
employed to minimize negative effects. May be incorporated
into mixed use projects or planned areas.
PARKING:
·Accommodated through surface parking lots, parking
structures, and underground parking facilities.
·Parking facilities should to manage storm water and be
screened from adjacent land uses.
·When adjacent to a sensitive frontage, parking should be
screened behind a residential or commercial space when
possible.
84
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
LAND USE:MANUFACTURED HOME COURT
DESCRIPTION:
·Neighborhoods where HUD certified manufactured homes
or tiny homes may cluster.
POTENTIAL ZONING:
·Manufactured Housing District; Townhouse Dwelling
District; Two-Family Dwelling District
INTENSITY (DU/A):
·8-12
USES:
Restrictive land uses, emphasizing manufactured housing and
tiny homes. Areas should include storm shelters and shared
open spaces.
FORM:
High level of connectivity between and within developments.
Traffic should move at a slower speed and create a safe and
comfortable environment for pedestrians and bicyclist. High
level of connectivity to shared open spaces and recreation
areas.
COMPATIBILITY:
Compatible with most MDR and HDR districts. Individual
manufactured homes or tiny homes may be allowed
within higher intensity residential or small-lot single family
developments but clustering of these uses should be only
allowed within the MHC district.
PARKING:
·Vehicle parking should be accommodated within walking
distance of the manufactured home in shared parking lots,
in the unit driveway, or along the private drives.
85
3AN INTEGRATED LAND USE VISION
LAND USE:URBAN-LOW INTENSITY (U-L)
DESCRIPTION:
·Neighborhoods with relatively low-density housing and
easily accessed neighborhood commercial services.
As compared to denser areas, U-L has more space and
separation of uses, with farther distances between
destinations and fewer shared amenities.
POTENTIAL ZONING:
·Single-Family Dwelling District; Manufactured Housing
District; Office District; Local Retail District
INTENSITY (DU/A):
·2-7
USES:
A mix of complementary uses including mostly single-family,
with some attached, townhome and small multi-family
projects, schools, small parks and churches, and neighborhood
retail or mixed use
FORM:
Uses are integrated so that residents can access them by
walking or biking. U-L areas use a high connectivity grid street
pattern to expand viable locations for low intensity commercial
uses, and allow multiple access points and route choices
between all uses.
COMPATIBILITY:
Compatibility will be achieved through gradual increases of
intensity transitioning from one land use to another. A cross-
section of this area may show large lot single family next to
medium lot single family, next to small lot single family, next to
townhomes, next to small commercial. Although the focus is on
gradual changes in intensity, these changes should occur at a
small enough scale to ensure inclusion of a range of land uses
within roughly a quarter square mile (160 acres) in order to
encourage walking, biking, and the reduction of auto trips.
·Different intensity uses are positioned to create a smooth
transition from lower to higher intensity uses.
·Larger commercial or office uses should cluster around
arterial streets.
·Smaller commercial uses may be appropriate on collector
streets
PARKING:
·Majority accommodated off-street in private garages
and driveways with a limited amount of overflow parking
allowed onstreet.
·Due to the limited demand for on-street parking,
neighborhood streets can often be narrow with parking
limited to one-side.
86
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
LAND USE:URBAN-MEDIUM (U-M)
DESCRIPTION:
·Vibrant, urban areas that draw customers and employees
from outside the immediate area. A mix of housing types
(see MDR), neighborhood and community commercial,
office, and service uses.
POTENTIAL ZONING:
·Single-Family Dwelling District; Townhouse District; Office
District; Local Retail District; Mixed Use Residential /
Business
INTENSITY (DU/A):
·7-12
USES:
A mix of complementary uses, including single-family
housings, multi-family housing, schools, mid-sized parks and
churches, commercial and mixed use. Amenities such as parks,
plazas and quality streetscapes should be more prevalent than
in U-L areas.
FORM:
A high-connectivity grid pattern expands viable locations
for commercial land uses, and allows multiple access points
and route choices between uses. As compared to U-L, U-M
encourages closer proximity between transportation, housing,
and shopping choices.
COMPATIBILITY:
Land uses and intensities should be integrated at a finer
grain than within the Urban—Low Intensity designation. As
compared to U-L areas, compatibility should be achieved
through increased attention to traffic circulation and parking,
site and building design, and on-site operations.
·Land uses are sometimes mixed vertically, resulting in
complementary and alternating times of use and the ability
to share parking areas.
·Different types of land use are positioned to create a
smooth internal transition from lower to higher intensity
uses; however, this transition happens over a shorter
distance than within the U-L designation.
·Larger commercial or office uses should cluster around
arterial streets.
·Smaller commercial uses are appropriate on any street
provided that a smooth transition in intensity of uses is
maintained.
PARKING:
·Accommodated off-street in private garages, driveways,
onstreet (limited) and surface parking lots.
·Parking facilities should to manage storm water and be
screened from adjacent land uses.
87
3AN INTEGRATED LAND USE VISION
LAND USE:URBAN-HIGH (U-H)
DESCRIPTION:
·These areas improve economic performance and
opportunities for social interaction, by locating diverse and
complementary uses in close proximity. Higher-density mix
of housing (see HDR), major commercial, office, and service
uses, and limited industrial in suitable locations.
POTENTIAL ZONING:
·Townhouse District; Multi- Family Dwelling District; Office
District; Commercial District; Mixed Use Residential /
Business
INTENSITY (DU/A):
·12+
USES:
A mix of complementary uses, including multi-family
residential, large offices, medical buildings, regional
commercial, limited industrial, institutional uses such as
churches, schools, or hospitals, and other regional attractors.
Residential uses range from townhomes/rowhouses up to
apartment towers. Parking garages or public parking lots may
be found in these areas. Higher levels of urban amenities are
used to offset the area’s intensity level.
FORM:
Access to freeways, highways, arterials, and transit, yet still
designed around pedestrians. A high-connectivity grid pattern
provides viable locations for higher intensity land uses, and
allows multiple access points and routes between uses.
COMPATIBILITY:
Land uses and intensities should be fully integrated and mixed.
Compatibility should be achieved through increased attention
to traffic circulation and parking, site and building design, and
on-site operations.
·Different land uses can be close together because design
and amenities take into account these juxtapositions and
make appropriate accommodations.
·Form and design rules and performance regulations
address aesthetic and functional compatibility.
·Limited industrial uses may be allowed with requirements
that they mitigate any anticipated negative impacts on
adjacent land uses and that they are located on arterial
streets or rail lines.
·Land uses should be fully integrated horizontally and mixed
vertically, resulting in complementary and alternating times
of use and the ability to share parking areas.
PARKING:
·Accommodated through surface parking lots, parking
structures, and underground parking facilities.
·Parking facilities should to manage storm water and be
screened from adjacent land uses.
·When adjacent to a sensitive frontage, parking should be
screened behind an active storefront when possible.
88
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
LAND USE:URBAN STRATEGY AREA
DESCRIPTION:
·Similar to Medium Intensity areas. A mix of housing types,
neighborhood and community commercial, office, and
service uses. Uses may be mixed both vertically and
horizontally.
POTENTIAL ZONING:
·Single-Family Dwelling District; Townhouse District; Office
District; Local Retail District; Mixed Use Residential /
Business
INTENSITY (DU/A):
·7-12
USES:
Same as U-M. Developments should be based on a more
strategic master plan for the 6th Street corridor.
FORM:
Transitions between higher intensity uses along the 6th
Street corridor and adjacent neighborhoods should be
carefully buffered. These areas should maintain a high
level of connectivity between the corridor and surrounding
neighborhoods, especially for pedestrian and bicycles. Design
and form should follow a strategic vision for each block along
the corridor.
COMPATIBILITY:
Even more than other U-M districts, land uses and intensities
should be integrated at a finer grain. Like other U-M districts,
compatibility should be achieved through increased attention
to traffic circulation and parking, site and building design, and
on-site operations.
·Land uses may mix vertically, like the Downtown District.
Combined with good transportation options parking may
be shared or limited.
·Different types of land use are positioned to create a
smooth internal transition from lower to higher intensity
uses; however, this transition happens over a shorter
distance than within the U-L designation.
PARKING:
·Theses areas are focused on creating visually cohesive and
human scale environments. Interruptions such as parking
lots and drive aisles should minimized in the street frontage
·Vehicle parking can be accommodated through surface
parking lots (screened from adjacent land uses), shared
parking structures, and underground parking lots.
·Site design should emphasize transitions between land
uses using landscape treatments, screening parking areas
behind buildings, and designing parking areas in a way
to reduce the impact on adjacent properties, especially
residential neighbors.
89
3AN INTEGRATED LAND USE VISION
LAND USE:DOWNTOWN
DESCRIPTION:
·Brookings downtown is the civic and commercial heart of
the city. It should offer small to moderate scale commercial
development along with housing. The district should remain
connected to and surrounded by a mix of housing types
including townhomes and small lot single family
POTENTIAL ZONING:
·Central Business District; Office District; Local Retail
District; Mixed Use Residential / Business
INTENSITY (DU/A):
·12+
USES:
A broad range of retail services, excluding large-scale stores
and services, auto related services, and large offices. Multi-
family uses can be mixed in with commercial, but commercial
would be the dominate use.
FORM:
Low to moderate building and impervious coverage, located
along major streets in areas close to residential growth
centers or at nodes created by significant intersections of
streets. Developments should emphasize pedestrian scale and
relationships among businesses and accommodate automobile
access without being dominated by an automotive scale.
Good pedestrian circulation should connect businesses and
surrounding residential uses.
COMPATIBILITY:
The emphasis for the downtown should be on creating a
unique neighborhood center or village. Compatibility should be
achieved through increased attention to traffic circulation and
parking, site and building design, and on-site operations
·Land uses may be mixed vertically in smaller scale two to
three story buildings.
·Horizontal mixed use must create smooth internal
transitions from lower to higher intensity uses in distances
similar to U-M or U-H.
·Larger commercial uses should cluster around arterial
streets.
·Smaller commercial uses are appropriate on any street
provided that a smooth transition in intensity of uses is
maintained.
PARKING:
·Parking in the downtown should encourage customers
to park on Main Avenue and employees/business owners
in off-street parking lots. It is appropriate to institute
measures to discourage on-street parking for more than
two hours.
·Off-street parking lots should be a secondary option for
downtown customers. Parking facilities should manage
storm water and be screened from adjacent land uses.
90
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
LAND USE:BUSINESS PARK
DESCRIPTION:
·Areas preserved for larger business development essential
to Brookings’ economic stability and future growth. These
areas protect larger acreages to maximize clustering for
specialization, synergy, transportation efficiency, and
knowledge exchange.
POTENTIAL ZONING:
·Business Park District; Regional Retail District
INTENSITY (DU/A):
·12+
USES:
Centers with major office and business uses, such as
technology and research centers, corporate headquarters,
and lower intensity industries with larger scale visitor services
located at the major intersections. Multi-family may be
appropriate when integrated as part of a holistic development
that incorporates retail and office uses.
FORM:
Areas should have a strong emphasis on high design and
landscaping standards. Transportation improvements should
enhance connectivity, efficiency, and capacity. Special
consideration should be given to the image that travelers see
for those areas adjacent to Highway 12 and I-29.
COMPATIBILITY:
Adjacent and internal development should not compromise the
viability of employment lands. Incompatible uses such as lower
density residential or K-12 schools should not be located within
BP areas.
·Development abutting a BP boundary, whether inside or
outside the boundary, should be held to higher design
standards to ensure compatibility between uses and
possible adjacent residential uses.
·In cases where transportation infrastructure has been
installed with the purpose of providing capacity to BP
areas, any proposed rezone or subdivision outside of the BP
area must not reduce the transportation capacity of the BP
area below the level intended.
PARKING:
·Typically accommodated through off-street lots. Surface
lots can be shared with other complementary ventures.
·Parking facilities should to manage storm water and be
screened from adjacent land uses.
91
3AN INTEGRATED LAND USE VISION
LAND USE:GENERAL INDUSTRIAL
DESCRIPTION:
·Areas intended to accommodate industrial uses that are
difficult to integrate with less intensive uses due to negative
impacts from heavy traffic, noise, or odors.
POTENTIAL ZONING:
·Industrial District
INTENSITY (DU/A):
·Not applicable
USES:
All types of industrial: manufacturing, warehousing,
distribution, and office/industrial flex space. Uses in this area
can be smaller in size than in the Business Park areas and
aesthetic standards are less stringent.
FORM:
Designation of any new GI areas should be done with
consideration of the following factors:
·Freeway and rail access;
·Availability and capacity of water and sewer service;
·Proximity to existing employment centers;
·Compatibility of neighboring land uses;
·Brownfield status;
·Impact of added employee/truck traffic to the level of
service of roadways in the surrounding area and impact on
the non-industrial uses along those roadways.
COMPATIBILITY:
Development within GI areas will be similar in nature, so
compatibility is less difficult to manage. However, in areas
where industrial abuts other land use categories, the following
should be considered.
·Design standards: including land buffers, architectural and
site design standards, and other appropriate standards
implemented through PUDs or new codes or guidelines.
·Operational standards that consider traffic, noise, lighting,
and air quality.
·Areas adjacent to I-29 and Highway 14 should have a higher
level of landscaping and avoid outdoor storage visible from
these corridors.
PARKING:
·Typically accommodated through off-street lots. Surface
lots can be shared with other complementary ventures.
·Parking facilities should to manage storm water and be
screened from adjacent land uses.
92
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
LAND USE:PARK/OPEN SPACE
DESCRIPTION:
·Areas intended to remain undeveloped and natural or
recreational in character.
POTENTIAL ZONING:
·Various
INTENSITY (DU/A):
·Not applicable
USES:
Limited, primarily natural. Any development is recreational
and low impact in nature (such as park shelters or ball fields),
while complementary to the purpose of the wider area as open
natural space.
FORM:
Traditional park and recreation areas including both passive
and active recreation. Brookings’ many wetlands, floodplains,
and any other sensitive areas should be preserved and
incorporated into the city’s stormwater management system.
COMPATIBILITY:
These areas are valuable for the natural character and uses
within them should have minimal impact. This requires minimal
visual, auditory, and other pollutants that would reduce the
pristine character of areas. Aids for compatibility may include:
·Heavy landscaping screening, very large buffers; height
limitations, zero odor emissions, strict ambient noise
requirements.
More intense recreation uses, like sports complexes should be
treated like comparable commercial uses for the traffic and
compatibility issues that they can generate.
93
3AN INTEGRATED LAND USE VISION
LAND USE:CIVIC/INSTITUTIONAL/SCHOOL/UNIVERSITY
DESCRIPTION:
·To provide space for educational, institutional, assembly,
and other public uses, including hospitals, major campuses
(high school, SDSU), cemeteries, airport, landfills, water
plant, and major utilities.
POTENTIAL ZONING:
·Various
INTENSITY (DU/A):
·Not applicable
USES:
·Educational: Public, private and parochial institutions at
K-12 and post-secondary level, or trade/business schools
and their accessory uses.
·Institutional and Assembly: Community or cultural facilities,
religious institutions, public health care or human services
facilities and their accessory uses.
·Other: Government or non-profit organizations and
accessory uses.
FORM:
Government facilities should be held to the same standard for
site design and connectivity as any private enterprise of similar
intensity
COMPATIBILITY:
Civic uses may be permitted in a number of different areas,
including residential areas. Maintenance, operating facilities
and public works yards should generally be located in industrial
areas. Individual review of proposals requires an assessment
of operating characteristics, project design, and traffic
management. Industrial operating characteristics should be
controlled according to same standards as industrial uses.
PARKING:
·Typically accomodated through remote parking lots that
allow visitors to park their vehicle one-time, then navigate
the campus on foot.
·Overall parking supply should be managed at a campus-
wide level including the location of parking, permit supply
and cost, and the creational of transportation alternatives
on campus and routes leading to campus.
·Bicycle parking facilites should be integrated throughout
the campus including at all potential origins and
destinations, such as residence halls, academic buildings.
94
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
FIGURE 3.6: Chapter Recommendations Summary
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
DEVELOPMENT POLICIES
Promote contiguous and compact development Goal Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City Staff,
Developers
Promote the creation of diverse housing options Goal Ongoing Planning
Commission
Planning Commission, Advisory
Committees; Developers
Promote infill development Goal Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City Staff,
Developers
Address stormwater management at both a local and regional
level Goal Ongoing City Staff City Council, Planning Commission,
Developers
Coordinate/plan for community amenities such as parks and
schools Goal Ongoing City Council City Staff; Developers; School
District
Provide a multimodal and connected transportation network Goal Ongoing City Council City Staff; SD DOT; Planning
Commission
Enhance public safety and minimize hazards Goal Ongoing City Council Planning Commission; City Staff;
Advisory Committees
Encourage balanced and connected neighborhoods Goal Ongoing Planning
Commission
City Council; City Staff; Advisory
Committees
Use public investment to promote private development Goal Ongoing City Council City Staff
Make decisions in a transparent and collaborative manner Goal Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City Staff,
Advisory Committees
Delineate floodways for the core development areas Action Medium City Council City Staff; FEMA; Planning
Commission
Evaluate adopting a policy for geotechnical reports to be
submitted with any preliminary plat for properties located within
the environmentally constrained areas
Policy Short City Council Planning Commission; City Staff
Require a reuse plan that is compliant with the comprehensive
plan for resource extraction areas Policy Short City Council Planning Commission; City Staff
Consider the environmental constraints when reviewing
development proposals Policy Ongoing City Staff City Council, Planning Commission,
Developers
CENTRAL DEVELOPMENT AREA
Maintain and improve public facilities and infrastructure to support
infill development and reinvestment in existing neighborhoods Policy Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City Staff,
Developers
95
3AN INTEGRATED LAND USE VISION
FIGURE 3.6: Chapter Recommendations Summary
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
Enable increased densities when impacts such as parking and
access are addressed Policy Short Planning
Commission City Council; City Staff; Developers
Direct medium and higher density residential uses to areas
adjacent to higher intensity assets or along major streets including
the undeveloped land along 20th Street 22nd Avenue, and Main
Avenue South
Policy Medium Planning
Commission City Council; City Staff; Developers
Extend and connect the existing arterial and collector street
system Policy Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City Staff,
Developers
Encourage mixed use developments with similar land use
intensities along arterial corridors Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission City Council; City Staff; Developers
Direct higher intensity commercial uses to the I-29 interchanges Policy Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City Staff,
Developers
Direct neighborhood-oriented or lower intensity commercial uses
to mixed use areas along arterial streets like 20th Street South.Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff, Developers
Protect existing drainage areas and wetlands and provide trail
corridors that connect to the city north-south Policy Medium City Council Planning Commission, City Staff,
Developers
Enforce property maintenance standards on both private and
public property Policy Short City Council Planning Commission, City
Staff
Evaluate signage and landscaping requirements along the areas
high-volume corridors Policy Short Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff
Follow the specific policies outlined in this plan for the 6th Street
corridor Policy Short Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Developers
EAST DEVELOPMENT AREA
Provide adequate separation and buffering between higher and
lower intensity uses Policy Short Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Developers
Require adequate screening of outdoor storage areas, preferably
requiring that they are not visible from the I-29 corridor Policy Short Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff
Ensure proper circulation within and between developments Policy Short Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff
Provide proper wayfinding and gateway features at the major
interchanges.Action Medium City Council Planning Commission, City
Staff
Encourage more mixed use development, including residential
uses, that provide housing close to jobs Policy Short Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff
Commercial uses should avoid large expanses of concrete that
are visible from the interstate and do not integrate stormwater
management best practices
Policy Short Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff
96
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
New developments along arterial streets should use shared
entrances and avoid multiple access points Policy Short Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff
Evaluate adopting a policy for geotechnical reports to be
submitted with any preliminary plat for properties located within
the environmentally constrained areas
Policy Short Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Developers
SOUTH DEVELOPMENT AREAS
Developments in areas where water and sewer service can be
extended efficiently should focus on higher density uses and
mixed uses that uses both the services and land in the most
efficient ways possible
Policy Short Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Developers
Land use regulations in developing areas should focus on the
intensity of the use rather than just the type, allowing for more
mixing of compatible uses. The City and County should work
together to create shared ordinances for the joint jurisdiction.
Policy Medium Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Developers County
Wetlands and natural drainage ways should be interconnected
and create neighborhood and regional amenities.Policy Short Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Developers
Transportation connectivity should be a priority and should avoid
overloading Main Avenue and Medary Avenue.Policy Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City
Staff, Developers
Improved streets and any new streets should be designed as
complete streets, incorporating access for both motorists and
non-motorists
Policy Short Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Developers
Evaluate adopting a policy for geotechnical reports to be
submitted with any preliminary plat for properties located within
the environmentally constrained areas
Policy Short Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Developers
A limited amount of larger lot or acreage development may occur
in areas where the water table is high. However, municipal sewer
may be required to ensure groundwater quality
Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Developers
Review the Joint Jurisdiction Boundary based on development
trends and adjust the boundary accordingly Policy Short Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Brookings County
Adopt a landscape ordinance for the Joint Jurisdiction area to
support attractive site design and a smooth transition from city to
county jurisdiction
Policy Short Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Brookings County
Open spaces in this area should be designed as a community asset
to service residents of this and other parts of the city Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Developers
FIGURE 3.6: Chapter Recommendations Summary
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
97
3AN INTEGRATED LAND USE VISION
NORTH DEVELOPMENT AREAS
Significant infrastructure extensions into this area should only
occur after more cost effective extensions have been fully
developed
Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff
Require a detailed flood elevation must be completed for any
development proposed in the floodplain before a plat is submitted Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff
Evaluate adopting a policy for geotechnical reports to be
submitted with any preliminary plat for properties located within
the environmentally constrained areas
Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff
Some larger lot development may occur to the east of Medary
Avenue, adjacent to existing development. This development
must connect to city services, in order to avoid limiting future
extensions
Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Brookings Municipal Utilities
Large lot development shall be discouraged south of 207th Street
unless it is done as a build through acreage. For the purpose of
this plan, large lot should be considered residential development
designed to R-1 or R-1A zoning standards
Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff;
Brookings County
LAND USE POLICIES
Implement an intensity based approach to land use and
development in accordance with the future land use map and land
use categories
Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff
Encourage responsible horizontal integration (mixed use
development) at appropriate locations Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff;
Developers
Encourage responsible vertical integration (mixed use
development) at appropriate locations Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff;
Developers
Use the future land use map as a basis for decisions by the
Planning Commission, the City Council, and private developers Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff;
Developers
Implement site design standards in accordance with the
recommendations of each land use category Policy Short Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff;
Developers
FIGURE 3.6: Chapter Recommendations Summary
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
TITLE HERE
Vibrant communities are composed of a variety of safe and interesting
places for people to live, work, play, and learn. These types of places exist
today in Brookings, and they are the types of places residents seek to
maintain and incorporate into the future Brookings.
Housing & Neighborhoods
4
100
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
CHAPTER 4:
HOUSING &
NEIGHBORHOODS
GOALS
Create healthy neighborhoods that offer a range of
housing types to accommodate workers and residents
at all stages of life.
Connect neighborhoods to community destinations
including jobs, commerce, and recreation.
Create neighborhoods that build on the character and
quality of existing neighborhoods.
CONTEXT:
Brookings is growing. Between 1960 and 2016, Brookings has
welcomed more than 6,700 new residents including students
and traditional residents. This is a healthy growth rate of
between 1% and 1.75% annually and is faster than many of its peer
communities.
The development community is responding. To accommodate
growth, builders in Brookings are producing an average of 175
units per year (2005 - 2025) with approximately 50% of those
units being single-family detached. New development areas are
limited making land consumption an area of concern.
Students impact the housing market. Nearly 50% of units are
renter occupied, driven mostly by a large number of students
living off campus. Traditional residents of all ages and income
brackets looking for rental housing often compete with students
for a finite number of units.
Students impact neighborhoods. Some blocks around SDSU are
fully occupied by students. Other adjacent blocks are working to
retain more of a balance between owner and renter occupancy.
ISSUES:
Affordable housing. Many factors are affecting housing costs for
Brookings. Some of these issues are similar to other communities
in the region, including construction costs growing at a faster rate
than wages and lack of variety in the market. Somewhat unique
to Brookings is the impact students have on the housing market.
The economics of how they pay for housing and their living
arrangements make it difficult for many traditional residents to
compete for housing.
Single-product housing development. Home production has
focused on single family-detached and multi-family, primarily
at the upper end of the market. While this does accommodate
the technical need for new housing, this pattern serves to isolate
populations and decreases movement in the market
Fragmenting street grid and isolated neighborhoods.
Connected neighborhoods provide countless benefits including
reliable and prompt emergency response, the ability for residents
to walk or bicycle to their destination, and for residential
developments to complement one another. Due to several
factors, recent developments have resulted in a loss of street
connectivity and increased isolation of new neighborhoods.
Evolving student and retiree housing needs. On campus housing
is changing with greater interest and demand for suite type units.
At the same time, demand for good quality off-campus student
housing is increasing and interest in downsizing by retirees is
creating a demand for new, quality units.
101
4HOUSING & NEIGHBORHOODS
OPPORTUNITIES:
Strengthen existing neighborhoods. Brookings’ neighborhoods
are a primary source of the charm and quality that residents value
and want to preserve. Efforts should enhance and strengthen
existing neighborhoods to ensure their quality, role, and identity.
Trail, street, and sidewalk connections. Connected
neighborhoods are healthy neighborhoods that allow residents
to walk or ride a bicycle to parks, schools, and other destinations;
conversely, a lack of connections rapidly increases the actual
and perceived distance between places within the city. A robust
transportation system will support the small-town character that
residents value today even as Brookings continues to grow.
Stormwater as an amenity. A significant liability for Brookings is
the combination of high-groundwater and the need to manage
stormwater during rainfall events. Innovative treatments such as
detention and retention basins, wetlands, and regional lakes can
serve as a focal point and amenity for new neighborhoods.
Growth and appetite. There is a strong appetite for new housing
types throughout the city. This growth and appetite offers
the development community and the city the opportunity to
introduce innovative neighborhood configurations, housing
products, and amenities with limited risk.
BIG IDEAS:
Housing as a public good. Housing is the single greatest real
estate investment in Brookings’ and these homes shelter and
offer a sense of place to Brookings’ single greatest asset, its
people. Therefore, housing should be treated as infrastructure
and an extension of the community fabric.
Thoughtful and intentional growth. Brookings will welcome
approximately 8,000 new residents by 2035 as it grows to a
population of nearly 31,000. The way it grows will determine the
type of community it becomes, the lifestyle choices residents will
have, and the role that Brookings will play in the region.
·Average annual production needed. Approximately 165
dwelling units should be produced annually with community
facilities such as parks, schools, and trails to support the
growing population.
·Housing types needed. Approximately 60% should be owner
occupied and 40% should be renter occupied.
·Price-points for market health. A variety of price-points is
needed to allow residents to enter the housing market (as
owners or renters), establish financial stability, and then to
move within the market based on their phase of life.
Create neighborhoods. A neighborhood is an extension of the
city framework that integrates new streets, public space, and
homes in a way that seamlessly benefits both the existing and
new residential areas. Effective neighborhood development
requires a vision for how land will fit together as it develops.
·Integrate Diverse Housing Types. A vibrant housing market
and neighborhood accommodates a resident throughout the
phases of their life including entry-level options (owner and
rental), family homes, and downsize options (owner and rental).
·Create Workforce Housing Opportunities. Used in place of
“affordable housing” which is too relative, the community
should focus on providing housing products and price-points
for its workforce. Without a focus on housing its workforce
(current and future), housing will continue to limit the
economic potential of Brookings.
Preserve existing housing. The city's best source of
affordable housing is within its existing housing stock. Poor
property maintenance, structural deterioration, and delayed
maintenance of public infrastructure can quickly degrade
neighborhood quality and property values. This has the dual
effect of diminishing the city's stock of sound affordable housing
and suppressing the economic benefits of rehabilitation.
Reinvestment in older neighborhoods is essential to providing a
continuing source of workforce housing.
Role of Students in the Market and the Community. Student
oriented neighborhoods should offer these residents a quality
setting, proximity and direct access to SDSU for bicyclist and
pedestrians, and seek to integrate students into the community.
Shared Risk, Shared Reward: Collective Housing Development.
While it is easy to float lofty ideas of how development should
occur, it can be difficult to introduce new housing products, new
neighborhood types, and innovative infrastructure treatments.
For this purpose, public-private partnerships may be required to
demonstrate innovation.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION:
1. Utilize the relevant recommendations from the Brookings
Affordable Housing Task Force final report
2. Expand housing diversity by type and cost
3. Revitalize and stabilize older neighborhoods
4. Encourage infill development
5. Integrate amenities at the heart of new neighborhoods such
as trails, parks or plazas, schools, and other facilities
6. Establish minimum connectivity standards
7. Encourage downtown's evolution as a neighborhood with
housing
102
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
INTRODUCTION
Brookings has quality neighborhoods, strong housing stock and
a healthy demand for new housing. Meeting that demand with a
range of affordable options in well thought-out neighborhoods
supports economic efforts and is fundamental to providing safe
and affordable workforce housing. Brookings residents have
expressed desire for a wider variety of housing options at prices
accessible to middle-income buyers.
RECOMMENDATIONS
EXPAND HOUSING DIVERSITY BY TYPE AND
COST
Affordability and a general undersupply of housing is a major
issue for the city. Much of the undersupply is driven by a lack of
movement in the market. People are choosing not to move when
only one or two product types are available, and those products
are similar to what they already live in. Expansion of housing
diversity should address affordability issues and create greater
movement in the market. Additionally, greater diversity by type
has to address the housing needs of those with physical and
mental health issues.
Brookings should implement the intensity
based land use philosophy outlined in
Chapter 3
The previous chapter outlined an integrated land use vision
that shifts away from separated land uses to greater integration
based on the intensity of uses. This approach should support
the development of more diverse housing mix and encourage
developments to have a wider range of uses and residential
types. For example, the Urban-Medium land use category
would allow for a range of housing types including single-family
detached, single-family attached, and townhomes. Densities
within an Urban-Medium district may range from seven units
per acre (smaller lot single-family detached) to 12 units per acre
(townhome density). This mix of units should not be developed
in isolation and should instead be connected both internally and
externally to neighborhood services.
Review codes to ensure that adequate
flexibility exists for new types of housing
Traditional zoning ordinances from the mid-twentieth century
valued low density and separation of different land uses. Today
there is a growing interest in what some might consider “non-
traditional” housing types. The city’s existing ordinance does
allow for smaller lots, down to 50-foot-wide lots for single-
family detached, but accommodating tiny homes, accessory
dwelling units, lot sizes smaller than 50-foot, or even the newest
innovations in senior living should be considered. The Brookings
Affordable Housing Task Force in 2017 also recommended review
of some of these opportunities. Additionally, the city should
review its codes as they relate to housing for the physically
and mentally handicapped. Often these may be in more group
quarters settings. Universal design standards that allow homes to
be easily adapted for aging or physical disabilities should also be
considered.
103
4HOUSING & NEIGHBORHOODS
Establish a not-for-profit housing development
corporation
Many cities, some much smaller than Brookings, have created
a not-for-profit housing development corporation to operate in
the markets where the private development community cannot
(low-revenue or untested products). The organization can reside
within an existing organization such as the Brookings Housing
Authority or economic development, but with the express
mission of implementing housing programs. Its board of directors
and stakeholders should be comprised of partners whose mission
is impacted by the housing market. A not-for-profit can accept an
assortment of funding sources, implement a variety of housing
programs, and work on behalf of its partner organizations to
strengthen Brookings housing market for the benefit of all.
Give higher priority for city assistance to
projects that offer mixed-income housing
Any incentives, whether they come from the city or the economic
development community, should favor housing developments
that blend income levels. For many residents working in the
service industries, the cost of housing is a burden. This is often
the hardest housing market to address, as the profit margins
are not high enough to attract private market construction and
prospective tenants often make over the income limits required
to qualify for housing assistance programs. By blending income
levels, projects should also provide a mix of housing styles.
CASE STUDY: WAYNE COMMUNITY HOUSING DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION
Wayne, Nebraska is a thriving community of 5,500 in
Northeast Nebraska with a mixed economy based on
a small state college, strong industries, and regional
agriculture. Over 20 years ago, the leaders of Wayne
saw the need to provide housing for their workforce
and formed the Wayne Community Housing
Development Corporation (WCHDC).
Growing out of the local economic development
organization, WCHDC is a proactive nonprofit with
the mission to improve the region through affordable
housing development. Offering a purchase/rehab/
resale program, home buyer education, and
assistance on local projects, like new rent-to-own
housing, WCHDC works to expand housing options
for the local workforce.
104
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
Require large scale projects to incorporate
universal design standards into at least a
portion of all units
The need among special needs populations, including the aging
and people with physical and mental disabilities, is only growing.
Much of the discussion to this point has focused on providing a
diversity of housing styles but housing must also accommodate
individuals with varying levels of independence at various stages
of life. Universal design means that homes can be used by the
widest range of people possible. Closely tied to accessible
design, universal design means that every aspect of a home from
the bathroom to the garage are more accessible and comfortable
to use. At a minimum, universal design standards should be
applied to at least a portion of all units within a larger project or
subdivision.
REVITALIZE AND STABILIZE OLDER
NEIGHBORHOODS
For any city the best source of affordable housing is within the
city’s existing housing stock. Maintaining those units and the
services provided in those neighborhoods is essential to ensure
a continued supply of safe and affordable housing. Adopting
strategies to assure the stability and livability of Brookings'
historic and established neighborhoods will help to preserve the
culture, history and identity of the community.
Establish or continue to fund rehabilitation
programs
Housing rehabilitation and maintenance programs should include
a mixture of owner and renter assistance programs. Owner
assistance programs may include:
·Emergency repair program for very low-income residents in
need of emergency repairs. These programs are designed to
meet critical individual needs, but also keep viable housing
from deteriorating further.
·Direct rehabilitation loan programs that provide forgivable
loans or grants to low income households.
·Energy efficiency loans for improvements that can extend
the life of a house and substantially reduce utility bills for a
household.
Rental assistance programs can be more challenging because
they are income producing properties. Therefore, any program
must be combined with code enforcement. A program would
likely be a matching loan that would require regular inspections
during the life of the loan. For a community like Brookings,
with a high demand for rental properties, new construction of
affordable rental units can also help improve the market. With
new construction, units in the worst condition will need to make
improvements to stay competitive, however, some of the most
vulnerable in the population can still find themselves living in
substandard units.
105
4HOUSING & NEIGHBORHOODS
Expand demolition program
Demolition dollars are in short supply in every community but are
important to ensuring the safety of residents and to help avoid
undue hardship on adjoining property owners. The city may want
to consider developing a program that is targeted at removing
vacant or abandoned manufactured homes (mobile homes).
Manufactured homes can be a viable source of affordable
housing, but they must be maintained, or their life expectancy
is greatly reduced. The reuse of these lots for newer mobile
homes or tiny homes can provide affordable housing and may
provide options for replacement of occupied mobile homes in the
worst condition. Special considerations should be rendered to
demolition activities when contemplating historic resources.
CASE STUDY: NEIGHBORWORKS OF NORTHEAST NEBRASKA PURCHASE/REHAB/RE-SALE PROGRAM
Over a five year period NeighborWorks Northeast
Nebraska has implemented a highly successful
Purchase Rehab Resale program. Under the
program a qualifying household identifies a home,
an assessment of the home for structural stability is
completed, followed by a NeighborWorks Northeast
Nebraska purchasing the home to complete any
repairs needed. Repairs can range from $2,000
to $25,000. Following completion of the repairs
the home is sold to the qualifying household often
with down payment assistance of 20% of the final
purchase price, up to $20,000. For Columbus,
Nebraska this has resulted in 140 homes being
updated and owned, often by first time home buyers.
https://www.nwnen.org/what-we-do/
homeownership-assistance/purchase-rehab-
resellprogram
BEFORE
AFTER
106
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
ENCOURAGE INFILL DEVELOPMENT
Infill development is a key component of stabilizing and
revitalizing older neighborhoods, however, it can also be the most
challenging projects for the private market. Site development
issues, including older infrastructure, compatibility with existing
neighborhood structures, or the removal of an existing structure,
along with lower assessed values for surrounding properties can
increase the costs and risk for development. Often these types of
projects need some assistance from the city but the return on the
investment can be significant both for the neighborhood and the
city’s overall tax base.
Establish incentives for vacant lot
development
Infill housing refers to housing that is built on vacant or under-
used lots in existing neighborhoods. Vacant lots can be a good
resource for new affordable housing. However, these lots may
have site issues that need to be addressed such as dilapidated
structures that need to be removed. Site issues along with the
scattered nature of vacant lots can make infill development
challenging. The adjacency of lots, allowing for easier movement
of resources and supplies between job sites, is an important
component to the development of affordable housing. The
city should identify barriers to the development of vacant lots,
especially in targeted neighborhoods. This may include fees
for demolition, dumping, and hook-ups. Removing or reducing
these fees or providing a privately funded pool of money to off-
set these costs can begin to eliminate hurdles. Some cities will
also assist in the assembly of vacant lots, generally focused on
targeted neighborhoods. These lots can then be sold or given
to either for-profit or not-for-profit developers to encourage
development in otherwise struggling neighborhoods. These
types of programs can be combined with increased demolition
and property maintenance to create visible change and
momentum in a struggling neighborhood.
CASE STUDY: MOBILE HOME BUYOUT PROGRAM: FARIBAULT, MINNESOTA:
The Housing and Redevelopment Authority (HRA) in
Faribault has used its Mobile Home Buyout Program
to acquire and remove substandard housing from its
existing mobile parks.
Through this voluntary program, owners of
uninhabited, dilapidated or substandard mobile homes
may apply to participate in the buyout program. If the
unit is determined to be substandard, uninhabited, or
dilapidated, the HRA will buy the mobile for a flat rate
of $2,000, not including property tax or lot rent. Upon
acquisition, the home is then properly demolished,
removed, and the lot repurposed.
https://www.ci.faribault.mn.us/427/Mobile-Home-
Buyout-Program
107
4HOUSING & NEIGHBORHOODS
Actively assist infill and redevelopment
programs
As noted above cities often have to take an active role in
redevelopment of struggling neighborhoods. The most common
ways cities assist with these initiatives include:
·Land Assembly. One of the biggest hurdles to transformative
infill development in struggling neighborhoods is the
assembly of land or lots. Most developers do not have
the capital, time, or other resources to assemble lots
from multiple property owners. This can be true for both
deteriorated older residential areas or even older commercial
and industrial sites. In areas with a concentration of infill
sites or just one larger infill development, preparation of a
redevelopment plan by the city should guide developers and
builders.
·Tax Increment Financing. In redevelopment areas, TIF can
be a significant tool for land acquisition and development
financing. TIF uses the added tax revenue created by the
redevelopment to finance project-related costs like land
acquisition and public improvements.
·Infrastructure Assistance. The city may choose to assist with
infrastructure improvements to a site as a way to reduce
the cost of the development. This assistance may be as
simple as waiving fees to more active involvement in larger
infrastructure improvements. Projects that receive this type
of assistance should be meeting the city’s goals of expanding
workforce housing or housing variety.
Require infill development receiving incentives
or along key corridors to complement the
character of the surrounding neighborhood
and expand housing options
It is important for infill development to complement the character
of the existing neighborhood and provide appropriate transitions
where needed. Principles that should be considered with any infill
development include:
·Transitions. Provide a transition between higher intensity uses
and lower intensity uses to address compatibility issues.
·Scale. The size and height of the buildings is in keeping with
surrounding buildings or the context of the corridor.
·Context. The design fits the housing styles around even if
the type of units are different. Other context variables on a
site may include views that enhance the site or stormwater
facilities that may add open space amenities.
·New Housing Options. Can the site provide an alternative
that might allow a young adult to live in the neighborhood
where they grew up or enabling a senior to downsize without
needing to leave their neighborhood behind.
Small lot single-family infill: Excelsior Springs, MO - before and after.
108
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
INTEGRATE AMENITIES
As the city grows, new neighborhoods should have access to
the resources and community amenities in a way that integrates
them with the rest of the city. These should include trails, parks or
plazas, schools, and other facilities.
Expand the park system with growth
To the extent permitted by applicable law, all new subdivisions
should be required to provide either a park dedication fee based
on the number of lots or dedicate land within the development
to ensure adequate neighborhood park service within walking
distance of the development. The park dedication fee should
be used by the city to acquire land that services multiple
developments.
Expand the trail system with growth
New developments should be required to connect to any
adjoining trail system or provide the space necessary for future
expansion of the trail system.
Identify potential gathering space in new
developments
New developments should include spaces where residents or
visitors can gather and have shared community experiences.
This may include park or open spaces, plazas, or outdoor seating
areas in mixed use developments. These spaces should increase
opportunities for community interaction and increase the sense
of belonging to a community. Drainage or wetland areas may
function as open space amenities for neighborhoods.
109
4HOUSING & NEIGHBORHOODS
ESTABLISH MINIMUM CONNECTIVITY
STANDARDS
In the following chapter, Brookings' transportation system
will be reviewed in greater detail but access to and within
neighborhoods is important.
New developments should provide good
connectivity and separate local and major
traffic
All new developments will have to have more than one access
point and should respect both existing and proposed collector
and arterial streets. For existing arterial streets, access
management should be carefully assessed to avoid both safety
and flow issues. Proposed collector and arterial streets should
also be respected. While the proposed streets identified in Figure
5.2 may not be located exactly along these paths, the idea that
connectivity through these areas is essential and should be
maintained.
Establish guidelines for minimum connectivity
including pedestrian routes
These guidelines should be built on the idea of improving
efficiency of the roadway system by measuring and increasing
connectivity. This may include urban design concepts regarding
block length, alleys, street widths and simple requirements such
as street and sidewalk stubs to adjacent vacant land and future
neighborhoods. To improve connectivity between neighborhoods
and improve emergency response, the number of entry points
should be based on the number of lots, and where available,
alleys should be used for the trash collection, parking, and access
management.
ENCOURAGE DOWNTOWN’S EVOLUTION AS
A NEIGHBORHOOD WITH HOUSING
As downtowns have evolved in recent years, there are many
success stories to learn from. Almost all the successes include a
residential component. Land use and development policies will
be instrumental in achieving the area’s neighborhood goals.
Use appropriate city incentives for the
development of housing adjacent to jobs and
activities
Incentives to adding housing both in and around the downtown
do not always have to be the traditional fiscal approaches,
although having tools like tax increment financing can be very
important. Other incentives may include:
·Density bonuses for added open or public space
·Improvements by the city to parking and pedestrian
environments
·Adding family-friendly public amenities including parks, open
space, greenways, plazas, bikeways, or public art
·Reviewing parking requirements to make sure they do not
create a hurdle for new residential development
·Reducing permit fees and processing time for infill residential
projects
Work with the Chamber to encourage
businesses that support residents and workers
The expansion of the business base in the downtown is important
both to provide services to workers that come to the district
during the work day but also to attract and retain households
in and around the district. The city should be a partner with
the business community to expand the overall economy of the
district and encourage services that benefit the worker, visitor,
and resident of the district.
110
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
Create healthy neighborhoods that offer a range of housing types
to accommodate workers and residents at all stages of life.Goal Ongoing Developers Planning Commission, City Council,
City Staff
Connect neighborhoods to community destinations including jobs,
commerce, and recreation.Action Short Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff; Developers
Create neighborhoods that build on the character and quality of
existing neighborhoods.Goal Ongoing Developers Planning Commission, City Council,
City Staff
Utilize the relevant recommendations from the Brookings
Affordable Housing Task Force final report Action Short City Council City Staff; Developers; Advisory
Committees
Expand Housing Diversity by Type and Cost Goal Ongoing Developers Planning Commission, City Council,
City Staff
Implement the intensity based land use philosophy outlined in
Chapter 3 Policy Medium Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff, Developers
Review codes to ensure that adequate flexibility exists for new
types of housing Action Short City Staff City Council, Advisory Committee,
Developers
Establish a not-for-profit housing development corporation Action Medium City Staff City Council, Community
Stakeholders
Give higher priority for city assistance to projects that offer mixed-
income housing Policy Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City Staff,
Developers
Require large scale projects to incorporate universal design
standards into at least a portion of all units Policy Medium Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff, Developers
Revitalize and stabilize older neighborhoods Goal Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City Staff,
Developers
Establish or continue to fund rehabilitation programs Action Short City Council Planning Commission, City Staff
Expand demolition program Action Short City Council Planning Commission, City Staff
Encourage infill development Goal Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City Staff,
Community Stakeholders
FIGURE 4.1: Implementation Table
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
111
4HOUSING & NEIGHBORHOODS
Establish incentives for vacant lot development Action Short City Council Planning Commission, City Staff
Actively assist infill and redevelopment programs Action Short City Council Planning Commission, City Staff,
Developers
Require infill development receiving incentives or along key
corridors to complement the character of the surrounding
neighborhood and expand housing options
Policy Medium Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff, Developers
Integrate amenities into neighborhoods - new and old Goal Medium City Council Planning Commission, City Staff
Expand the park system with growth Action Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City Staff,
Park & Rec Board
Expand the trail system with growth Action Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City Staff,
Park & Rec Board
Identify potential gathering spaces in new developments Action Ongoing Developers Planning Commission, City Staff
Establish minimum connectivity standards Policy Short City Staff Planning Commission, City Council,
City Staff
Establish minimum pedestrian connectivity standards Policy Short City Staff Planning Commission, City Council,
City Staff
Encourage downtown's evolution as a neighborhood with housing Goal Ongoing City Council City Staff, Main Street Organization,
Community Stakeholders
Guide city incentives for the development of housing adjacent to
jobs and activities Policy Medium City Council City Staff, Developers
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
An effective transportation system moves people and facilitates
efficient land development patterns. It can also become a quality of life
amenity in its own right. Integrated into the unified land use plan, the
transportation plan proposes system improvements, expansions, and
policies to guide investment towards creating a healthy and balanced
mobility system.
Transportation
5
114
CHAPTER 5:
TRANSPORTATION GOALS
Create a transportation network that provides a
safe and efficient means for all users including
pedestrians, bicyclists, and drivers.
Establish a transportation system that will support
desirable patterns of community, neighborhood, and
economic development.
CONTEXT:
Brookings is growing. Brookings is growing geographically with
new residential, industrial, and commercial areas developed
each year. The transportation system must serve this future
development without compromising the character of the
community.
Dependence on the regional transportation system. Brookings’
role as a regional job center is increasing. Over 50% of the city's
workforce lives outside of Brookings. The transportation system
must be capable of managing this inflow of traffic on a daily basis
while also growing in ways that bring more of those individuals to
live in Brookings.
Resident expectations. Residents value the ease of movement
and small town character that Brookings affords them today.
Many allow their children to walk or ride a bicycle to school, a lot
of adults enjoy walking on the trail or to the downtown, and all
value how quickly they can get from place to place regardless of
their mode of transportation. These expectations will persist as
the community continues to grow.
Real estate. The real estate dedicated to public roadways
accounts for 24.5% of all land in Brookings (34% of all developed
land). As a significant land use, the roadways affect the
perception of the public environment and the city as a whole.
ISSUES:
Increasing fragmentation of the street network. As development
has moved south, environmental barriers and misunderstandings
about what makes neighborhoods safe has, at times, created a
fragmented street network. However, connecting transportation
routes concurrent with development allows for more reliable
emergency services, increased resilience to closures and
incidents, and an environment that is more walkable and
bikeable.
Limited interstate access for resident and freight travel. As
the city continues to grow, demand for an additional interstate
access point will only grow. New homes, community features,
and destinations are being developed farther south, increasingly
more distant from interstate access.
Limited Interstate crossings. The interstate divides the
community with virtually all residential on the west and major
employers on the east. This division creates pinch-points that
result in regular congestion and a system with little resilience to
street closures and incidents.
Barriers to bicycle and pedestrian transportation. Brookings has
a good trail system but barriers exist that prevent the connection
of key destinations around the city. These include physical
barriers and safety barriers. Crossing major streets is often
challenging or uncomfortable, and the lack of street connectivity
in newer areas can make active transportation difficult.
115
OPPORTUNITIES:
Interstate proximity and access. The interstate affords Brookings
many advantages including rapid access to Sioux Falls for
commercial, industrial, and employment centers; high visibility
and convenient access for interstate travelers; and a location that
is attractive to commercial and industrial enterprises.
Low stress neighborhood streets. Brookings has a well-
established hierarchy of streets where the majority of traffic
is directed efficiently from neighborhood streets, to collector
streets, and onto the arterial streets that ultimately lead to the
final destination. This creates a system of well-connected and
quiet neighborhood streets that support strong neighborhoods
and safe bicycle and pedestrian travel.
Strong trail and pedestrian system. The existing trail system
provides a foundation for the city's bicycle and pedestrian
system. The community can build upon this foundation with
the implementation of the bicycle and pedestrian plan and
the addition of trails, sidewalks, and destinations in new
developments.
Well-respected and well-utilized transit. The Brookings Area
Transit Authority (BATA) provides a well-respected transit service
as evidenced by its outstanding ridership numbers. While most
recognized for its safe ride program, many residents use BATA for
its on-demand transit, trips to parks and amenities, and regular
trips to Sioux Falls. Despite these successes, there are many that
still do not realize the high level of accessibility that it provides
and the potential it has to support the continued growth of the
city.
Bicycle Master Plan. The city developed a Bicycle Master Plan
to provide a roadmap towards creating an integrated system of
trails and comfortable on-street routes that will support human
powered transportation throughout the city. The implementation
of this plan is an opportunity to integrate bicycles as a vital
component of the transportation system.
BIG IDEAS:
Build a system that works for everyone. A transportation system
should integrate all modes of travel in a manner that allows each
mode to complement the others and provide viable alternatives.
For example, robust bicycle, pedestrian, and transit systems
complement one-another and create a stronger transportation
network. A system that works for everyone allows people to
move around a city and seamlessly integrate different modes of
transportation.
Plan ahead and implement with growth. The city’s future
transportation system should be a framework that is conceived
in advance of development, implemented with development, and
allows for the graceful expansion of the system to accommodate
future development.
Build with development. Development projects should be
designed in a way that allows for transportation infrastructure
to be built incrementally. This approach offsets initial costs to
the development community and the long-term maintenance
responsibilities of the city.
Principles for transportation development. Residents of
Brookings cherish aspects of the city transportation system
including how their children can walk or ride their bicycles to
schools and parks and how quickly it is possible to get from place
to place. The transportation element identifies the positive traits
and prescribes these as values for how the transportation system
should serve its residents.
·Design for walkability and bicycle friendliness
·Create quiet neighborhood streets through a defined
hierarchy of streets and a connected system with few dead-
ends
·Reduce pinch-points by creating alternative routes
·Consider lifecycle costs and the overall impact of
infrastructure development
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION:
1. Coordinate transportation and land use plans
2. Implement the Major Streets Plan
3. Establish site development standards for pedestrian and
bicycle friendly development
4. Expand the existing bicycle and pedestrian system pursuant
to applicable system plans
5. Create multi-modal transportation standards
6. Maintain existing streets, sidewalks, and trails in a state of
good repair
7. Create a funding strategy for new and existing streets
116
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
INTRODUCTION
An effective transportation system moves people and facilitates
efficient land development patterns. It can also become a quality
of life amenity in its own right. Integrated into the unified land
use plan, the transportation plan proposes system improvements,
expansions, and policies to guide investment towards creating a
healthy and balanced mobility system. This chapter delves into
the details of the transportation system with recommendations to
improve the existing transportation system and new additions to
enable and advance the vision articulated in this plan.
RECOMMENDATIONS
COORDINATE THE TRANSPORTATION AND
LAND USE PLANS
Transportation and land development are codependent systems
– a transportation system is created to serve land as it develops,
and land can only develop as access is granted. This is a story
as old as human settlement but is especially pertinent to
development in Brookings in which land access and development
is often limited by environmental factors. For the purposes
of advancing a coherent land use plan and a high-quality
transportation system, land use and transportation plans must be
coordinated.
Brookings classifies roadways based on their function in the
city's transportation system. Local roads, collector streets,
arterial roadways, and highways are the primary designations.
In this order, each classification provides increased mobility
and decreased access. This mobility hierarchy should guide
future investment, the methods for providing land access in
new developments, and the design specifications of new streets
depending on their context.
Regional Street Heirarchy
The regional transportation system provides access between
Brookings and the surrounding area. The regional system is
under the management and maintenance of the South Dakota
Department of Transportation and includes two major routes:
• Interstate 29
• US Highway 14 (Bypass)
City Street Hierarchy
The local transportation system for Brookings includes the
arterials, collectors, and local streets that provide access to
housing, businesses, and public gathering spaces. The role
of each class of streets balances the need for mobility (rapid
movement) with the need for access to individual destinations
within the community.
UNDERSTANDING
THE FUTURE
STREET MAP
·Big Picture. The map does not show every street
that would be needed for future development.
The local street pattern should be determined as
development occurs.
·Flexible. While the routes shown in Figure 5.2
have been carefully thought out, the exact path
of these streets may vary depending on the
details of development as it occurs. The priority
is to maintain the principle of connectivity, to
provide access to key connecting points, and to
follow the general path shown in the map. Minor
modifications can be made as needed on a case-
by-case basis. Detailed engineering studies will
be needed before undertaking any new road
construction.
›Collector streets in Figure 5.2 have a higher
“status” than the local streets. The collector
routes should be given significant weight when
making development decisions, while local
streets are more flexible.
·Working with Property Owners. Many new roads
shown on this map run through property that is
privately owned, and their implementation will
therefore depend on the decisions of the property
owners. The city should reach out to property
owners in these key areas to discuss plans for the
future.
117
5TRANSPORTATION
Arterial Network:
Arterials provide the greatest level of mobility in Brookings’
transportation system. These routes provide access between
areas of the city with limited access to individual businesses
and homes. For access to these destinations, arterials rely on
the collector and local street systems. The following streets
comprise the primary framework of arterials streets in the future
transportation plan.
6th Street. The primary gateway into Brookings, 6th Street
provides direct access to/from Interstate 29, to many
destinations including major industries, SDSU, the downtown
district, and the commercial ventures along the corridor. It also
provides the first and last impressions for all of Brookings. The
City has an intergovernmental agreement with the South Dakota
DOT to maintain 6th Street. Further guidance can be found in the
Strategic Development Opportunities chapter.
US Highway 14 (18th Street / Bypass). The bypass plays several
important roles in the city. First, this street is the only other
interstate access, providing rapid and immediate access to and
from Brookings. As an arterial located one-mile north of 6th
Street, the bypass plays a local role in providing east-west access
to residential and commercial areas and SDSU. As regional
transportation route, it serves to reduce traffic congestion from
6th Street.
8th Street South. Located one-mile south of 6th Street and
across the railroad corridor, 8th Street South provides a mirror
function to 6th Street by offering east-west mobility between the
22nd Avenue business corridor and South Main Avenue.
20th Street South (Recommended Future Interchange and
Arterial Role). This corridor offers one of the best opportunities
for a needed southern interchange with I-29. The 20th Street
South corridor is two miles south of the 6th Street interchange
and would connect newly developing neighborhoods with the
interstate; this access would better connect residents with the
remainder of Brookings and the entire I-29 corridor.
215th Street / 32nd Street South. Located one-mile south
of 20th Street South, 215th Street / 32nd Street provides an
east-west connection extending across the interstate. This
arterial connection will continue to grow in importance as the
employment centers grow in the east side of the interstate and
residential areas grow on the west.
216th Street / West 44th Street South to 217th / Highway 324.
Located one-mile south of 215th Street, this combination of
streets provides a strategic east-west connection and access to
the interchange. The route also includes a proposed stretch to
shorten the distance from both Main Avenue and Medary Avenue
to the interstate.
Main Avenue. Main Avenue functions as a north-south arterial
from 8th Street North to 20th Street South with service through
the downtown district. The design of the roadway and adjacent
land uses should maintain the quality of downtown and the
emerging South Main corridor.
Medary Avenue. Located a half mile east of Main Avenue, Medary
Avenue provides continuous service from the bypass, through the
SDSU campus, across 6th Street and the railroad, to 20th Street
South.
22nd Avenue. Located a half mile east of 17th Avenue and a half
mile west of Interstate 29, 22nd Avenue plays several important
roles in the city. As a primary commercial street, 22nd Avenue
provides access to employment centers (both existing and
emerging) including the hospital and a network of clinics. As the
eastern-most continuous route, 22nd Avenue is the most direct
and immediate north-south route with access to/from Interstate
29 and the southern portion of Brookings.
34th Avenue. Located a half mile east of the Interstate, 34th
Avenue services many of Brookings’ employment centers. With
improved east-west connections across the Interstate, 34th
Avenue will become more important.
118
FIGURE 5.1: Arterial Street System
32ND ST S
119
FIGURE 5.2: Major Streets Plan
32ND ST S
120
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
Collector Network:
Collector streets balance mobility and access by serving as
intermediate connections between arterial routes. These streets
are narrower than arterials and designed to collect traffic from
neighborhoods and offer access to neighborhood destinations.
As such, they should operate at lower speeds than the arterial
network.
While this list is not exhaustive, the following form the framework
of the system:
8th Street. From Western Avenue on the west, this collector
provides east-west access through the northern neighborhoods
to the SDSU campus.
3rd Street. From downtown on the west, this collector provides
east-west access to 17th Avenue.
2nd Street South / Orchard Street. From Western Avenue on
the west, this collector provides east-west access between the
northwest of the city and 22nd Avenue.
12th Street South / Trail Ridge Road. From Western Avenue
South on the west, this collector provides east-west access to
22nd Avenue.
15th Street South (incomplete). From Trail Ridge Road on the
west, the collector unites a series of incomplete road segments
(Mustang Pass, 15th Street South, and Constitution Boulevard) to
provide access to 22nd Avenue.
Western Avenue. From 209 Street at the north, Western Avenue
provides a north-south connection that transitions to the 2nd
Street/Orchard Street collector which runs east-west.
7th Avenue South (incomplete). From 2nd Street South on the
north, this collector provides north-south access to 26th Street
South via Tallgrass Parkway. The remaining segment is located
between 12th Street South and Remington Street and would be
bisected by the 15th Street South Collector.
Christine Avenue. From 8th Street South, this collector provides
north-south access to 20th Street South.
17th Avenue. From 6th Street on the north, this collector provides
north-south access across the railroad to 8th Street South.
32nd Avenue. From North of Highway 14 Bypass extending to
34th Avenue South through the quarry lakes
Half Moon Route. From Main Avenue (north of 20th Street South)
to Main Avenue (south of 32nd Street South), this collector uses
several road segments to provide a north-south pathway. The
collector is comprised of the following segments: Half Moon
Road, Larkspur Ridge Drive, Pine Avenue, and a segment that has
not been constructed.
SDSU Collector Route. From 6th Avenue on Jackrabbit Avenue,
this collector provides access to to Medary Avenue via North
Campus Drive.
East Brook / Sunrise Ridge Route. From 22nd Avenue via Sunrise
Ridge Road South, 25th Avenue, and Research Parkway, this
collector provides access to the employment and commercial
centers west of the interstate.
121
5TRANSPORTATION
Local Streets:
Local streets provide direct access to and through neighborhoods
in Brookings. These streets are narrow, host low traffic volumes
at low speeds, and should direct users to the collector and/
or arterial networks for longer trips. The local street network
should be designed as a grid whenever possible to maximize the
walkability/bikeability of an area and to provide redundancy for
emergency vehicle access. The local street network is comprised
of all public and private streets not designated as arterials,
collectors, or highways.
Plan, Budget, and Implement the Street Plan
To implement the city’s future street plan (Figure 5.2), the city
should follow two guidelines:
1. Reserve Right-of-Way in Advance
The city should work with developers and property owners to
reserve right-of-way for major streets in advance of development.
This right-of-way should be adequate to accommodate multi-
modal facilities, utilities and future expansion. Developers should
leave room to extend streets to future adjacent development by
leaving stub streets or empty lots where extensions are planned.
2. Build with Development
Brookings and Brookings County should work with developers to
extend new roads or to improve existing roads as development
demand arises, in conjunction with development agreements.
Street construction is one of the costliest pieces of new
development, and the high costs of development make it difficult
to build new homes at prices that most families can afford. One
way to control the cost of local street construction is to avoid
overbuilding these residential streets. Local streets that are too
wide or have more capacity than current or projected traffic
volumes warrant are costly and often encourage speeding.
FORECASTING TRAFFIC IMPACT
One of the greatest challenges to designing a transportation
system is to estimate the demand that will be placed on new
roadways. In fear of designing for insufficient capacity, the
standard practice has been to over-design streets to excess
capacity. This preference, coupled with parking minimums, has
led to exceptionally wide roadways that encourage speeding,
increase the cost of building and maintaining the road system,
and create transportation infrastructure specifically oriented
to automobiles at the detriment to other road users. However,
advantages can be gained by applying context-sensitive design
for streets based on realistically projecting demand.
Evaluate implementing a traffic impact
analysis requirement for large-scale projects
There are specific advantages for both the city and the
development community to using traffic impact studies as a
best practice. The city would gain a clearer picture of anticipated
traffic demand to identify necessary system improvements
(present or future) and to more fairly determine the share of
improvements for which an individual developer should be
responsible. The development community would also gain
a clearer picture of the traffic generated by their site and
system issues nearby that may become problematic. From
this understanding, developers can make changes to the site
design to alleviate future issues while providing an answer to the
potential traffic impact.
A traffic impact analysis is not appropriate in all cases because
land development projects vary widely based on their location,
size, phasing, and the character of traffic expected. For example,
a ten-lot residential subdivision adjacent to a collector street
would be expected to have minimal impact on the existing
transportation network whereas a high density residential
complex may produce issues depending on the location and
context of the site. This plan recommends that the city consider
adopting a policy that would require a traffic impact analysis for
large scale projects.
The threshold of when a traffic impact analysis would be required
may consider any of the following factors.
·Estimated number of trips generated based on development
proposal including the mix of uses (ITE estimates)
·Minimum commercial square footage
·Minimum site acreage (request and consider all phases of
proposed development)
·Extenuating circumstances such as the scale of infill
development, limited access to appropriate roads classified to
support the use, a site which integrates multiple land uses in a
complex manner, and other factors as identified.
122
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
Apply "Context Sensitive" street design
The below information is adapted from the Institute of
Transportation Engineers manual: “Context Sensitive Solutions
in Designing Major Urban Thoroughfares for Walkable
Communities”
Context Sensitive Design takes a more holistic approach to
transportation planning, where street network design involves
deeper consideration of community planning issues such as
adjacent land uses, intensity of development, and multiple modes
of travel. The desired goal is to design streets that accommodate
traffic volumes at speeds that reduce barriers for all users.
Features of this approach include:
·“Streets as places”, making community identity a key
component in street corridor design.
·The surrounding community influences the design of a given
roadway, instead of applying a standard cross-section that is
applied everywhere.
·Accommodate all modes of travel and make walking, transit,
and bicycling more enjoyable and practical.
·Design features that enhance safety by controlling speed and
access.
·A street design that may change as it passes through different
“context zones” or land uses within the community.
·Capacity provided through a network of streets, rather than
widening a single corridor to accommodate more vehicular
traffic.
·Concentrate longer trips along limited access routes.
·Focus transit where land uses can support it.
·Measure performance by more diverse standards than just
level of service for automobiles.
ESTABLISH STANDARDS FOR PEDESTRIAN
AND BICYCLE FRIENDLY DEVELOPMENT
One of the key ingredients to successful communities is
active transportation. This is important for the economic and
environmental health of communities but also the physical well-
being of its residents. Studies indicate that commercial corridors
with active transportation infrastructure show significant
increases in retail activity. Many factors make a city truly bicycle
and pedestrian friendly.
Traits of Bicycle and Pedestrian Friendly
Development
Transportation System Design: Pedestrian and Bicycle
Friendly Fundamentals
Street connectivity. Development with a high degree of street
connectivity (and sidewalks) allows more direct and shorter
walking distances in all directions.
Intersection / barrier treatments. A pedestrian friendly
transportation system welcomes residents into all
environments by integrating measures to help them safely and
conveniently cross barriers such as major streets, railroads, and
major land developments.
Mixing land uses. For a system to be pedestrian friendly,
it must include a mix of origins and destinations within a
reasonable walking distance. By situating complementary land
uses together - shops, homes, and schools – walking becomes
an option.
Trails and pathways. Often a strong recreational amenity, trails
are much loved by residents and often play many roles in a
community. However, the priority is most often recreation first
and transportation a distant second. Trails and pathways can
be used to bypass barriers or fill a “gap” that may be missing in
the street system.
123
5TRANSPORTATION
Example: The Impact of Connectivity
on Walkability and Bikeability
The following examples demonstrate the impact that
connectivity has on walkability. Both scenarios show a
quarter-mile walking distance. The example with high
connectivity has a significantly greater reach (greater
efficiency) than the low connectivity example which
requires the walker to back-track.
High Connectivity Scenario
·Walking Distance: 0.25 mile
·Range/Reach: 0.21 mile
·Efficiency (Range/Distance): 84%
Low Connectivity Scenario
·Walking Distance: 0.25 mile
·Range/Reach: 0.09 mile
·Efficiency (Range/Distance): 36%
Site Design: Pedestrian and Bicycle Friendly
Fundamentals
Narrow lot widths. In both residential and commercial
developments, the width of parcels has a direct correlation
with the time that a walker or bicyclist must travel to reach
a destination. The time and distance directly affect whether
an individual can (considering mobility issues) and will
(considering convenience issues) choose to walk.
Clear pathways through the site. Upon arrival to a destination,
there should be a clear pathway for a bicyclist or pedestrian to
navigate through the site (often a parking lot and drive aisles)
to the entrance of the facility or bicycle parking areas. Clearly
defined pathways should provide the pedestrian and bicyclist
with a route that is safe, convenient, and visible to automobile
traffic.
Bicycle racks. Appropriate bicycle parking - site location and
rack design - must be included to make any new development
bicycle friendly.
Require pedestrian ways in all new
development
Require pedestrian routes between parking
and entrances
Provide safe local routes to main trails and
bike routes
Consider the location of future transit routes
in neighborhood design and when designing
pedestrian pathways
124
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
FIGURE 5.3: Bicycle Master Plan
Trail Loop Search Corridors
Shared Use Path or Separated Bike Lane
125
5TRANSPORTATION
EXPAND THE EXISTING BIKE AND
PEDESTRIAN SYSTEM
Bicycle Master Plan
The City of Brookings adopted a Bicycle Master Plan which
provides a deeply practical approach to systematically retrofit
the existing street network to better accommodate bicycles. The
recommendations of the Bicycle Master Plan should be integrated
into the city’s transportation plan, capital improvements plan,
and land development ordinance. The plan identified the
following recommended strategies and actions:
1. Support Safe Routes to School (SRTS) planning and programs
at all schools in Brookings
2. Enforce bicycling traffic laws for bicyclists and motorists
3. Develop a comprehensive approach to bicycling education
4. Organize and promote bicycle-related events
5. Develop, adopt, and integrate a Complete Streets policy
6. Promote the bicycle facility network
7. Implement and enforce subdivision regulations that support
bicycling
8. Increase the number of organizations participating in the
Bicycle Friendly Business (BFB) program
9. Employ temporary demonstrations to promote and pilot new
bicycle infrastructure
10. Increase City Staff's attention to bicycling issues
11. Evaluate the possibility of a bike share system
12. Develop a bicycle crash evaluation program
13. Create a bicycle count program
Brookings Pedestrian System
The pedestrian system is comprised of sidewalks and trails. Each
of these is appropriate for different circumstances and when
developed appropriately and consistently, they combine to create
a pedestrian system that serves all areas of the city, helps enliven
city streets (the front door of the city), and creates a place where
people enjoy walking. The expansion and enhancement of the
pedestrian system will reinforce the quality of life that residents
expect and currently experience. The following strategies and
actions are recommended:
Pedestrian Infrastructure and Applications
Sidewalks. Sidewalks provide safe and comfortable
transportation for walkers of all ability levels and enliven city
streets with activity. The purpose of a sidewalk is to provide a
practical transportation route for walkers. Sidewalks should:
·Be located along all city streets. Exceptions should be
rare and limited to circumstances where the area served is
extremely low density, where trails are provided, and where
additional development will not occur beyond the current
phase, due to a floodway, for example.
·Be designed to standards required by the Americans with
Disabilities Act (ADA).
Trails. Trails provide a place where walkers, runners,
and bicyclists can be separate from traffic and enjoy the
community. While the priority of trails is often recreational,
they can sometimes play a role in the transportation network
for bicyclists and, occasionally for walkers. Trails should:
·Be connected to sidewalks to allow pedestrians to reach the
trail from their home.
·Strive to be within walking distance of all residents along
well-connected sidewalks.
126
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
General policy recommendations
Most developed areas in Brookings have well-connected
pedestrian pathways, and these features are also incorporated
into many new development areas. As a general policy, the
following is recommended:
·New streets should have sidewalks on both sides of the street,
especially for new collectors and arterials.
·Existing streets should provide sidewalk on at least one side
of the street. Priority areas for retro-fitting include:
›Arterial and collector streets
›Streets within a quarter mile radius of schools and parks
›Any gaps within the existing sidewalk network
›Evaluate the appropriateness of converting any “desire
paths” to permanent pedestrian ways. “Desire paths” are
places where pedestrians are actually walking but are not
necessarily served by paved pathways, most often visible
as worn footpaths.
·As streets require reconstruction, they should include the
addition or expansion of sidewalks or sidepaths. In addition
to pedestrian pathways such as sidewalks and sidepaths,
the potential for bicycle facilities should be evaluated when
streets are due for reconstruction or major treatments.
·Construction of sidewalks on existing streets can be done
over time in conjunction with other street or infrastructure
improvements.
To ensure the needs of pedestrians are met, the city should
consider the development of a pedestrian master plan to provide
a granular perspective on opportunities to make Brookings
more pedestrian friendly. A pedestrian master plan could
examine current and proposed policies, compliance issues,
and an incremental approach to funding specific pedestrian
improvements to improve the network.
Implement the recommendations of the
Bicycle Master Plan
Implement the bicycle network identified in
the Master Plan
Identify high priority sidewalk or pedestrian
ways to plan for safe routes to school
Establish dedicated funding sources to
address gaps and maintenance for pedestrian
ways and multi-use trails
CREATE MULTI-MODAL STANDARDS
A transportation system should promote a variety of
complementary transportation modes including motorists,
bicyclists, pedestrians, and transit riders. At present, Brookings
has a strong pedestrian system, an emerging bicycle system, and
a well-respected and growing on-demand transit service. The use
of these modes is expected to grow and should be incorporated
into development standards and city budgets.
“Complete Streets”
Description from the Brookings Master Plan
Complete Streets recognize and balance the needs of all street
and road users – pedestrians, bicyclists, transit users, and
motorists. Complete Streets ensure that no transportation modes
are ignored and all street users are accommodated fairly, which
most often means that roads become more bicycle-friendly.
These policies are especially effective during street planning
and design projects, both for new roadways, reconstructing
existing roadways, and roadway retrofit projects. Roadway
retrofit projects are those that change the lane configurations of
a roadway, lane widths, or on-street parking availability.
Retrofit projects can achieve the goals of Complete Streets
policies without requiring a complete reconstruction of the curbs
and pavement of a roadway.
Complete Streets policies have numerous benefits for communities.
They create streets that are designed more equitably, and provide
accessibility to children, seniors, and people with disabilities. They
have the ability to transform streets into more:
·Efficient, economically vibrant, safe, connected, and
accessible places for the neighborhoods they serve. Bicyclists
benefit from Complete Streets in many ways, including slower
traffic speeds, more and higher quality bicycle infrastructure,
and safer street and intersection designs.
127
5TRANSPORTATION
The development of Complete Streets policies is not limited
to large cities or regions. Small cities have also had success in
developing and implementing Complete Streets, including Albert
Lea, Minnesota, a city with a population around 18,000. Albert
Lea passed a Complete Streets subdivision requirement in 2009
that supports more walking and biking. In total, over 1,000 cities
across the country have already adopted Complete Streets
policies, pledging to equally consider all modes of transportation
in street design projects.
Retrofitting for Transit
Brookings Area Transit Authority (BATA) currently operates an
important and well respected on-demand bus service, a safe-ride
program, and service to Sioux Falls. While the recent feasibility
assessment did not demonstrate sufficient demand to warrant
the transition to a fixed route system, it is likely that it will occur
within the 20-year horizon of this plan and therefore, thought
should be given to designing developments in a way that can be
retrofitted easily for transit or rideshare systems which continue
to evolve.
Designing for a transit retrofit is best when it can combine
relatively dense urban development patterns, strong pedestrian
and bicycle facilities to a central point, and forethought to where
demand exists today and will exist in the future. Dispersed, low
density development patterns are more difficult to retrofit for
transit service.
Develop and adopt a Complete Streets policy
Require all new collector streets to be
designed to Complete Streets standards
Develop new design criteria for arterial streets
to include options for medians and improved
pedestrian environments
Explore ways to retrofit existing development
for transit and identify potential future routes
Encourage large new developments to identify
a plan for future transit service
MAINTAIN EXISTING STREETS, SIDEWALKS,
AND TRAILS IN A STATE OF GOOD REPAIR
Brookings’ existing roads, sidewalks, and trails represents a
tremendous asset and investment developed over the history
of the city. Many communities learned the hard way about the
exponential costs and downward spiral created by choosing to
defer maintenance in transportation infrastructure. It is essential
that the city establish a plan, procedure, and funding mechanism
to evaluate and fund road, sidewalk, and trail maintenance.
Establish a dedicated funding source for
maintenance
CREATE A FUNDING STRATEGY FOR NEW
AND EXISTING STREETS
The creation of new roads and the maintenance of existing
streets must be planned, budgeted, and executed efficiently
for the greatest public benefit. There are several ways that new
streets are financed and constructed including: installation by
developers, maintenance by the city; installation cost shared
by the city and the developer; and situations where the city
upgrades the capacity of an existing street at their full cost or
through cost sharing with the developer. Due to the cost of new
streets and existing street upgrades, it is essential that a funding
strategy be established.
Develop, routinely evaluate, and update an
arterial capital improvement plan
Provide dedicated funding source for arterial
and collector development
128
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
Create a transportation network that provides a safe and efficient
means for all users including pedestrians, bicyclists, and drivers Goal Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City Staff
Establish a transportation system that will support desirable
patterns of community, neighborhood, and economic
development
Goal Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City Staff
Coordinate the transportation and land use plans Policy Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City Staff
Implement the Major Streets Plan Action Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City Staff
Extend and connect the existing arterial and collector street
system Action Medium City Council Planning Commission, City Staff
Evaluate implementing a traffic impact analysis requirement for
large-scale projects Policy Medium City Staff City Council, Planning Commission,
Developers
Apply "Context Sensitive Design" to street design Policy Short City Staff Planning Commission, City Council
Establish standards for pedestrian and bicycle friendly
development Policy Short City Staff Planning Commission, City Council
Require pedestrian pathways in all new development Policy Short City Staff Planning Commission, City Council
Require pedestrian routes between parking and entrances Policy Short City Staff Planning Commission, City Council
Provide safe local routes to main trails and bike routes Action Short City Council Planning Commission, City Staff
Implement the recommendations of the Bicycle Master Plan Action Varies City Council Planning Commission, City Staff
Implement the bicycle network identified in the Master Plan Action Varies City Council Planning Commission, City Staff
Add or expand sidewalks and sidepaths when streets are due for
reconstruction or major treatments Action Ongoing City Staff City Council
FIGURE 5.4: Implementation Table
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
129
5TRANSPORTATION
Evaluate the potential for bicycle facilities when streets are due for
reconstruction or major treatments.Action Ongoing City Staff City Council
Identify high priority sidewalk or pedestrian ways to plan for safe
routes to school Action Ongoing City Staff City Council
Establish dedicated funding sources to address gaps and
maintenance for pedestrian ways and multi-use trails Action Ongoing City Staff City Council
Create multi-modal standards Policy Ongoing City Staff Planning Commission, City Council
Develop and adopt a Complete Streets policy Action Ongoing Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff
Require all new collector streets to be designed to Complete
Streets standards Policy Short City Staff Planning Commission, City Council
Develop new design criteria for arterial streets to include options
for medians and improved pedestrian environments Policy Short City Staff Planning Commission, City Council
Explore ways to retrofit existing development for transit and
identify potential future routes Action Ongoing BATA City Staff
Encourage large new developments to identify a plan for future
transit service Action Ongoing Developers City Staff, BATA
Maintain existing streets, sidewalks, and trails in a state of good
repair Action Ongoing City Staff City Council
Establish a dedicated funding source for maintenance Action Ongoing City Staff City Council
Create a funding strategy for new and existing streets Action Ongoing City Council City Staff
Develop, routinely evaluate, and update an arterial capital
improvement plan Policy Ongoing City Council City Staff
Provide dedicated funding source for arterial and collector
development Policy Ongoing City Council City Staff
FIGURE 5.4: Implementation Table (Continued)
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
Municipal Services
Brookings' municipal services provide the foundation that supports
everyday life and makes Brookings a safe place to call home. The provision
of these services in a cost-efficient manner is a chief responsibility of the
city and guides the development and quality of life for the residents who
rely on these services.
6
132
CHAPTER 6:
MUNICIPAL
SERVICES
GOALS
Ensure land use, infrastructure, and transportation
patterns support the efficient and cost-effective
delivery of emergency services.
Guide the extension of infrastructure in a way
that supports efficient patterns of community and
economic development.
Strengthen existing public facilities and
infrastructure strategically to encourage private
sector investment and reinvestment, job creation,
and to improve quality of life in Brookings.
Establish a regional stormwater management
strategy and apply to all aspects of development.
Strategically identify and implement specific
initiatives identified in the Brookings Benchmark
Baseline Sustainability Report as amended
thereto.
CONTEXT:
Foundation of urban life. Municipal facilities and services are the
foundation of the community. On this foundation, neighborhoods,
commercial ventures, employment centers, and the city’s quality
of life are built.
Many service providers, including quasi-public entities.
Brookings is served by various public and quasi-public
entities that provide services including the Brookings School
District, SDSU, Sanford Health Clinic, and many not-for-profit
organizations. While all providers are important and should be
strengthened, the focus of this chapter are the services provided
by the City of Brookings and its affiliates.
Shared responsibility. Infrastructure is developed by a
combination of forces – the need for infrastructure is often
created by growth in the private sector, while the installation
(including specifications, operation, and long term maintenance)
is then delivered by the city. The creation of infrastructure must
suit the short and long-term needs of the development but also
the city.
Resident expectations. Residents currently experience high-
quality community services. This service is valued by current
and future residents who expect the same level of service and
amenities to continue, even with growth.
Condition of facilities and infrastructure. Many of the community
facilities in Brookings have seen recent investment through new
development, major rehabilitation, enhancement, or feasibility
studies.
ISSUES:
City and Brookings Municipal Utilities (shared responsibilities,
separate entities). The expansion of infrastructure requires
a high degree of planning, communication, and cooperation
between the separately managed Brookings Municipal Utilities
and the City of Brookings. It is important than the two entities
share a common vision on development in Brookings. Continued
cooperation and joint planning for all infrastructure expansions
and extensions is crucial to insuring such services are efficient,
economical, financially sustainable and meet the goals and
objectives of both entities.
Stormwater, ground water, and the impact on development.
Brookings has a limited amount of developable land due to
the shallow depth to groundwater. Shallow ground water and
flat topography limit development and often create higher
development costs due to the additional site work including
adding soils and addressing stormwater. Flat grades can also
increase water and sewer infrastructure costs due to the need for
pump and lift stations.
133
Increasing demand for a growing population. Brookings will
continue to grow and, it must expand its municipal services and
amenities to meet those new needs.
Cost of infrastructure - lifecycle costs. The cost of installation
is too often considered the only cost of infrastructure. However,
the cost of operation and long term maintenance immediately
passes into the public responsibility. Factors that impact the
lifecycle cost of infrastructure include: density of development;
infrastructure/amenity durability, street configuration, and many
other factors.
OPPORTUNITIES:
Use infrastructure to guide land development. Infrastructure
is required for urban land development and should be used as a
tool to guide the implementation of this plan.
Greenways and connected stormwater basins. Many
developments in Brookings include isolated stormwater detention
basins engineered to offset the exact amount of runoff generated
by site improvements. While this does fulfill the technical need to
manage stormwater onsite, it wastes an opportunity to create a
community amenity and restore the ecosystem of the prairie. By
creating a system of greenways, connected basins, and regional
detention, Brookings could manage its stormwater in a way that
can also host trails, parks, amenities, and wildlife.
Premier public facilities. The tradition of excellence with
regards to its public facilities sets Brookings apart from its peer
communities. By expanding upon this tradition of excellence,
Brookings will continue to expand its reputation as a leading city
in South Dakota.
BIG IDEAS:
Maintain and expand level of service for the growing
population. Brookings offers a high level of municipal services.
The focus should be maintaining this level of service to ensure
that all residents – current and new – will enjoy the benefits of
quality municipal services.
Infrastructure and facilities as economic development.
Infrastructure plays a requisite role in the development of land
and therefore must be seamlessly integrated into the process
of negotiating how land is developed. This comprehensive plan
should establish a vision that both the city and BMU can pursue.
Facilities as neighborhood centers. With new land development
comes the need for additional public facilities and amenities
(public and quasi public) and these features should be
intentionally located to anchor the development. If a facility is
integrated into a development both resources will benefit.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION:
1. Support and strengthen the level of service offered by all
service providers including public providers and quasi-public
providers (including the Brookings School District, the South
Dakota Children’s Museum, SDSU, and others)
2. Maintain all facilities in a state of good repair, continually
evaluate facility use and adapt accordingly to best serve
the market, and expand services to meet the needs of the
growing community
3. Maximize public safety through site design
4. Establish a funding mechanism for the maintenance of all
types of public facilities to ensure the long term viability and
efficiency of public infrastructure
5. Coordinate infrastructure extensions to reflect the shared
goals of the City of Brookings and Brookings Municipal
Utilities
6. Coordinate stormwater ordinances with the vision of the land
use plan
7. Develop creative measures to increase efficiencies of
solid waste through more environmentally sustainable
management practices.
134
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
INTRODUCTION
The provision of health, safety, and welfare are chief
responsibilities for the Brookings City Government. The purpose
of this chapter is to evaluate the current level of service, issues,
challenges, and opportunities to enhance municipal services
within Brookings. The section provides a review of each public
facility system.
RECOMMENDATIONS
SUPPORT AND STRENGTHEN
COMPLEMENTARY SERVICE PROVIDERS
Services that enable residents to experience a high quality of
life are offered by a variety of providers including the City of
Brookings, the Brookings School District, SDSU, the South Dakota
Children's Museum, and other community organizations.
In pursuit of a stronger community, these organizations often
develop strategic plans (much like this comprehensive plan)
to allow them to better serve their constituents and position
themselves for long term success. While their specific goals may
be different, their general missions are most often aligned with
the purpose of creating a stronger community.
Work with providers to align mission
statements and coordinate actions of mutual
benefit
Many of the major institutions and organizations in Brookings
have created strategic plans. These plans often articulate a
vision for what they would like to achieve in the next 10-years
with implementation steps classified as short-term, mid-term,
and long-term. Together, these plans provide a roadmap of the
actions needed to accomplish their goal.
By coordinating the plans, it is possible to identify the places
where the various plans intersect. These alignments can help
identify projects that will leverage resources, energy, and
outcomes for the greatest benefit.
Accommodate growth and modernize
services by creating high quality community
facilities that match the pride citizens have for
Brookings
By continuing to create high quality community facilities that
match the pride its citizens have for their community, the city
will be well positioned to accommodate growth and modernize
its services and amenities. This includes expanding services
proportionate to projected growth and encouraging cooperation
between service providers, both public and non-public, as
previously described.
Continuing to modernize facilities is also important as it ensures
that current facilities will function well in the future. Examples
include determining the needs for the public safety center,
replacing and retiring out-of-date equipment and facilities,
and building new facilities with state-of-the-art equipment to
continue serving the population with the highest possible quality
of services. Other ways to modernize services include integrating
information technology into processes to reduce costs, increase
transparency and communication, and provide better services.
To ensure that services are meeting resident standards, a mix
of current metrics and national metrics should be used. Certain
facilities, like parks, can be increased proportionately to the
increase in population. National metrics provide the city a goal to
strive toward.
MAINTAIN FACILITIES IN A STATE OF GOOD
REPAIR AND CONTINUALLY ADAPT FOR A
GROWING POPULATION
The growing population and geographic expansion of the city
will mandate new facilities in new development areas. However,
the city should still prioritize the maintenance of existing facilities
to continue serving the current population, neighborhoods and
districts. The city must balance its focus and resources to serve
the full population including existing development and new
development areas. Making sure new demand is served through
the proper and efficient extension of services will ensure the
long-term sustainability of the system for future generations.
Continue to maintain facilities and equipment
on a routine schedule
Currently, the City of Brookings does a good job of continually
evaluating facility use and maintenance needs over time. Doing
so provides some regularity in year-to-year budgets by spreading
out large repairs and capital projects. In addition, maintaining
facilities in a state of good repair prolongs the life of facilities
135
6MUNICIPAL SERVICES
Considering Life-Cycle Costs
The provision of municipal services is never
a one-time investment but instead requires
attention and reinvestment through the life-
cycle of the facility or equipment. Facilities
should be evaluated regularly and improved to
ensure they remain in a state of good repair. The
following provides an example of how life-cycle
costs should be considered upfront, which can
then be easily incorporated into a public facility
maintenance schedule.
Example: Material Choice
for New Building
New Building, High Quality Materials
·Construction Cost: $1.4 million
·Annual Utilities Cost: $15,000
·Staff Cost: $90,000
·Regular Maintenance Cost: $200,000
·Expected Lifetime: 30 years
·Total Lifetime Cost: $10.6 million
·Average Annual Cost: $351,667
New Building, Low Quality Materials
·Construction Cost: $1.1 million
·Annual Utilities Cost: $16,000
·Staff Cost: $90,000
·Regular Maintenance Cost: $220,000
·Expected Life: 25 years
·Total Lifetime Cost: $8.9 million
·Average Annual Cost: $354,016
and equipment, saving money and making more efficient use
of taxpayer dollars. On the other hand, deferring maintenance
causes services to suffer while requiring higher costs over time.
Working with other service providers to ensure minimum
standards of quality and maintenance, the city can produce
benefits for non-city owned entities. It can do so by setting
standards and helping them evaluate the need, location, and
functional suitability for public buildings to prevent inefficiencies.
Use high quality materials and equipment
High quality facilities and using quality equipment can reduce
maintenance costs, in addition to accommodating growth and
modernizing services. Using high quality materials can reduce
the annual maintenance costs of a building while providing a
more attractive exterior. In addition, purchasing buildings and
equipment with a larger upfront cost but longer life span can also
reduce ongoing expenses in the long run.
Work with providers to evaluate the need,
location, and functional suitability for public
buildings
Public buildings represent a major investment in the future of
the city. These buildings should be maintained in a state of good
repair and regularly evaluated for appropriateness.
A facility and the underlying property should be maintained and
used while it is appropriate for that primary use. However, when
demands change, it should be studied to determine its future -
can it be adjusted to serve its current purpose better or should
it be re-purposed. If its current use is no longer practical, several
options should be considered:
·Is the facility appropriate for another public use?
·Is the location appropriate for another public use?
·If not, can the building/site be put to a private purpose that
is supportive of the goals of this plan (examples: housing;
business development, recruitment and retention)?
Balance the intensity of development and
response times to locate facilities, including
fire stations and branch police stations.
The character of growth in Brookings will impact the ability and
cost of providing essential public services to new development
areas. Development proposals should be evaluated with this
perspective in mind - how will residents and homes in these areas
receive emergency services and costly infrastructure extensions -
and developments should be adjusted to reflect this need and cost.
136
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
MAXIMIZE PUBLIC SAFETY THROUGH SITE
DESIGN
Clearly define public and private spaces
Undefined spaces can often leave visitors feeling unwelcome
and unsafe. Well-defined public spaces are places where people
can literally see and be seen. These spaces increase the level of
positive interaction that is the essence of a quality neighborhood.
Hidden or neglected public spaces have the opposite effect,
attracting nuisances and sometimes crime, and being scary or
off-putting places that people avoid.
Design spaces with natural surveillance
Areas with natural surveillance are designed to have physical
features that can include walkways, gathering areas, roadways,
and structures that eliminate hiding places and increase human
presence and supervision.
Maintain public spaces and enforce existing
codes to create environments that feel well-
kept and safe
Property maintenance can have significant impact on a visitor’s
comfort level. Areas filled with litter and overgrown landscaping
can feel unwelcoming and unsafe. Studies have shown that
the best way to combat property damage and illegal activity
is to create a strong sense of ownership. If a public space feels
“owned” by the community, and any damage is quickly cleaned
up or removed, criminal activity often decreases.
Prohibit developments with one access point
Large developments with one access point can leave homes and
business isolated during emergencies. The more access points
or street connections that a development has, the easier it is for
emergency personnel to reach areas in need of their services.
Neighborhoods with a high degree of connectivity can improve
emergency response times as well as offer alternative routes for
motorists and pedestrians.
ESTABLISH A FUNDING MECHANISM FOR
THE MAINTENANCE OF PUBLIC FACILITIES
Maintaining public facilities is a priority of the city, so establishing
a funding mechanism to maintain all types of public facilities
is essential to ensuring the long term viability and efficiency of
public infrastructure and services. In some cases, services will
be covered or partially covered by fees, while in other cases,
grants and cost-sharing will be required. In all situations, a facility
maintenance schedule is necessary.
Incorporate new facilities and enhancements
into the capital improvements plan (CIP)
Many community facilities in Brookings have recently had
investment through new development, major rehabilitation,
enhancement, or feasibility studies. However, the city still
should maintain a "facilities and enhancement construction
and maintenance schedule" to budget for expenditures in a
predictable manner. This could then be incorporated into the
capital improvements plan (CIP), allowing the consideration of
the full life cycle costs of new projects. In addition, life cycle cost
analysis can provide the city a better idea of the difference in
long-term cost effectiveness of different measures such as the
use of high quality materials.
Identify funding sources
Local public funding will be the primary method for funding
new enhancements for public services. Part of this will require
creating a strategy for successful bond issues which will likely
require marketing and educating the public on the issue. Other
local funding sources such as economic incentives or cost-sharing
where developers can also play a role.
In addition to local funding of maintenance and public service
provision, alternative funding sources can be identified. State
and federal grants are often able to assist with the construction
of new facilities, often for innovative approaches such as green
infrastructure.
137
6MUNICIPAL SERVICES
Private foundations and philanthropy can also be an effective
source of funding for projects with appropriate public recognition
and memorialization. These sources should be identified prior
to projects as the life cycle costs are being determined as they
could make projects feasible that may not be using local public
dollars alone. Specific funding sources are identified in the
implementation chapter of this plan.
Create a strategy for successful bond issues
Every project is different and therefore the strategy for a
successful bond issue can be different but there are well
documented approaches that have been shown to be successful.
With any bond issue the city should establish a strategy that:
·Ensures the greatest benefit to the largest portion of the
community
·Establishes why this is important to the community and the
talking points that communicate the message to residents
·Establishes a marketing plan to communicate the importance
of the project to residents and how they will personally
benefit
Having a well documented understanding of the need and benefit
of any project is the first step to any successful strategy.
COORDINATE INFRASTRUCTURE
EXTENSIONS
Brookings will continue to grow and, it must expand its municipal
services and amenities to meet those new needs. Currently,
numerous entities including the City of Brookings, Brookings
Municipal Utilities, and other groups are involved in long-term
infrastructure planning. Coordinating the process of evaluating
infrastructure extensions can make development easier and more
efficient.
Promote development consistent with the
comprehensive plan
The City of Brookings has a limited amount of developable land
within and adjacent to the existing city; therefore development
must be done in a thoughtful manner that will use resources
in the most efficient and cost effective manner. Extension of
infrastructure must be maximized and therefore very low density
development in many areas is not the best use of infrastructure
resources or developable land. Expedited permitting or density
bonuses can be provided for projects that incorporate elements
that advance the goals of this plan. In this way, policies for
infrastructure extensions can be used to guide land development.
Consider a policy to evaluate the cost-benefit
analysis of infrastructure extensions
Extending infrastructure, including water and wastewater lines,
is an expensive part of land development, and only the upfront
cost of expansion is typically considered by developers. The
City and BMU should continue to evaluate the cost-benefit
or appropriateness of infrastructure extension to ensure that
taxpayer dollars are being utilized efficiently and legally.
138
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
Requiring a cost-benefit analysis will show whether a
development will pay for its own costs through additional taxes
and user fees or if taxpayers and rate payers are subsidizing the
development. Including life-cycle costs provides a more effective
and longer-term understanding of the factors at play. By creating
these policies, the city can ensure that development is cost-
efficient for the long-term and therefore promote development
consistent with the comprehensive plan.
While a cost-benefit analysis is an important tool to evaluate
the cost of a development, the city should keep an open mind
to projects with the potential to significantly advance the
community's vision. Examples may include model projects
that will demonstrate the viability of certain approaches to
development such as:
·Innovative neighborhood design
·Locally untested housing products,
·New stormwater management techniques
The city may consider working with the SDSU Engineering
Department or others to establish a template cost benefit
analysis that can be easily completed for new project.
COORDINATE STORMWATER ORDINANCES
WITH THE LAND USE PLAN
Brookings has a limited amount of easily developable land due to
the shallow depth to groundwater and its flat topography. These
factors create higher development costs due to the additional site
work such as adding fill and addressing stormwater. Flat grades
can also increase water and sewer infrastructure costs due to
the need for pump and lift stations. The city must coordinate its
stormwater ordinances and development standards to match the
vision of the land use plan.
Evaluate ordinance updates that would require
stormwater management to be integrated as a
site amenity
Many developments in Brookings have included isolated
stormwater detention basins engineered to offset the increased
peak runoff rategenerated by site improvements. These may
include underground storage facilities that offer no site or
neighborhood benefit other than controlling the stormwater.
Updating the city's ordinances to integrate stormwater
management as an amenity can provide benefits to developers,
residents, and the city as a whole. It should prioritize the
following:
·Mitigate flooding and peak runoff (required)
·Provide a site amenity for residents
·Support the creation of a regional amentity such as a trail,
nature preservation area, or regional detention basin
·Restore the native prairie ecosystem
Often stormwater facilities can be planted with native prairie
species to provide valuable habitat. In this way, stormwater
infrastructure can be much more than a technical need which
must be fulfilled.
139
6MUNICIPAL SERVICES
Evaluate ways to incentivize innovative
approaches to stormwater management
In addition to traditional stormwater management practices, the
city should incentivize more innovative approaches. Often, this
can provide more attractive infrastructure and amenities at less
cost, while still providing the same levels of public service.
Green infrastructure is one such innovative way of managing
stormwater. Green infrastructure approaches water management
by protecting, restoring, or mimicking the natural water cycle
by using trees and wetlands to effectively capture, filter,
and infiltrate water. As opposed to more traditional gray
infrastructure (concrete channels, pipes, and water treatment
plants), green infrastructure effectively and economically
enhances community quality of life. Bioswales can also provide
attractive connecting corridors between detention basins, which
paired with trails and parks, creates a connected recreational
system that fulfills other community purposes.
These types of initiatives should be incentivized through shared
cost, density bonuses or other approaches that are appropriate
to Brookings.
Identify area(s) for larger regional detention
Developers typically address stormwater management on a site-
by-site basis. However, looking at a larger level, basins could
potentially be combined in such a way to provide a larger amenity
to serve nearby neighborhoods. This can also free up valuable
land for development, while still providing a similar amenity
nearby. Where possible, developers should evaluate the benefits
of combining stormwater management facilities to create larger
areas to host trails, parks, amenities, and wildlife.
While the individual development costs of conveying stormwater
to a regional basin can be higher, these costs should be weighed
against the benefits including the greater impact on future
development patterns and the residents that it will service.
EXAMPLE: USING A DISTRICT BASIN AS AN AMENITY EXAMPLE: DISTRICT BASIN BOARDWALK AND PLAZA
EXAMPLE: NATIVE PRAIRIE RESTORED AS AMENITY
AND GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
EXAMPLE: A PEDESTRIAN PLAZA THAT INCORPORATES NATIVE
PLANTINGS, A RENTENTION BASIN, AND PERMEABLE PAVERS
140
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
Ensure land use, infrastructure, and transportation patterns
support the efficient and cost-effective delivery of emergency
services.
Goal Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City Staff
Guide the extension of infrastructure in a way that supports
efficient patterns of community and economic development.Goal Ongoing City Council BMU, City Staff
Strengthen existing public facilities and infrastructure strategically
to encourage private sector investment and reinvestment, job
creation, and to improve quality of life in Brookings.
Goal Ongoing City Council City Staff
Establish a regional stormwater management strategy and apply
to all aspects of development Policy Medium City Staff Planning Commission, City Council,
Consultant
Support and strengthen the level of service offered by all service
providers including public and quasi-public providers Goal Ongoing City Council City Staff, Service Providers
Work with providers to evaluate the need, location, and functional
suitability for public buildings Action Ongoing City Staff City Council, Service Providers
Accommodate growth and modernize services by creating high
quality community facilities Action Ongoing City Council City Staff, Service Providers
Continue to maintain materials and equipment on a routine
schedule Policy Ongoing City Council City Staff
Work with providers to evaluate the need, location, and functional
suitability for public buildings Action Ongoing Advisory
Committees City Staff, City Council
Balance the intensity of development and response times to locate
facilities, including fire stations and branch police stations.Policy Ongoing City Staff City Council
Maintain public spaces and enforce existing codes to create
environments that feel well-kept and safe Action Ongoing City Staff City Council
Prohibit developments with one access point Policy Short Planning
Commission City Staff
Maintain all facilities in a state of good repair, continually evaluate
facility use and adapt accordingly to best serve the market, and
expand services to meet the needs of the growing community
Action Ongoing City Staff City Council, Service Providers
Establish a funding mechanism for the maintenance of all types of
public facilities to ensure the long term viability and efficiency of
public infrastructure
Action Ongoing City Council City Staff
FIGURE 6.1: Implementation Table
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
141
6MUNICIPAL SERVICES
FIGURE 6.1: Implementation Table
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
Incorporate new facilities and enhancements into the capital
improvements plan (CIP)Action Ongoing City Council City Staff
Identify funding sources for public facility maintenance and
development Action Ongoing City Council City Staff
Create a strategy for successful bond issues Action Short /
Ongoing City Staff City Council
Coordinate infrastructure extensions to reflect the shared goals of
the City of Brookings and Brookings Municipal Utilities Action Medium City Council City Staff, BMU
Promote land development consistent with the comprehensive
plan Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff
Consider a policy to evaluate the cost-benefit analysis of
infrastructure extensions Policy Short City Council City Staff, BMU
Coordinate existing stormwater ordinances with the vision of the
land use plan Policy Ongoing City Staff Planning Commission, City Council
Evaluate ordinance updates that would require stormwater
management to be integrated as a site amenity Action Short Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff, Developers
Evaluate ways to incentivize innovative approaches to stormwater
management Action Short City Staff City Council, Developers
Identify area(s) for larger regional detention Action Medium City Staff Consultant
Strategically identify and implement specific initiatives identified
in the 2014 Brookings Benchmarks Baseline Sustainability Report
as amended thereto.
Goal Medium City Staff Advisory Committees, City Council
Develop creative measures to increase efficiencies of solid waste
through more environmentally sustainable management practices.Action Medium City Staff Advisory Committees, City Council
TITLE HERE
7
Quality of Life
The quality of life that residents experience is based on a variety of factors
including many that are deeply personal. The focus of this chapter is
the foundation of services that the community can provide to enable its
residents to thrive.
144
CHAPTER 7:
QUALITY OF LIFE
GOALS
Provide park and recreation facilities, programs and
services that are connected and accessible to all
Brookings’ residents.
Encourage the creation of places where residents
and visitors can gather, be active, and build social
connections.
Promote the advancement, development,
and appreciation of public art into community
amenities.
Encourage environmentally friendly construction
methods and use of recyclable, green "sustainable"
materials.
CONTEXT:
A combination of factors. Quality of life is the combination of
factors that contribute to the overall sense of well being that
residents of a place experience. While many distinct factors
combine to form a persons quality of life, this chapter examines
the primary factors in the public realm that influence quality of
life.
·Park and recreational facilities
·Trails and sidewalks
·Commercial, residential, and civic character
·Culture and the arts
Provide service for future generations. Quality of life features in
Brookings must keep pace with the growth of the community to
ensure that future residents are afforded the same opportunities
that residents enjoy today.
Community appearance and urban design. Quality of the built
environment and the image of the city, both internally and
externally, is important to many residents. While there are many
great neighborhoods around the city, there are also places for
improvement.
ISSUES:
Emerging disparities. As Brookings continues to grow, the city
should be proactive with regards to quality of life amenities. A
lack of investment and planning can lead to social and economic
disparities. Special attention should be paid to providing
resources to disadvantaged neighborhoods with safe and
comfortable access on foot or by bicycle to jobs and resources.
Gaps in trail service. While a strong community amenity, there
are many neighborhoods located more than a quarter-mile from
the nearest trail. The trail serves as a recreational feature in its
own right but also serves to connect several major park resources
together in addition to employment centers.
Minimal landscaping requirements. Over the years landscaping
and buffer requirements have been sporadic. A corridor like
South Main is a good example. As one moves south along the
corridor, landscaping decreases, sidewalks are adjacent to the
street with no buffering, and parking areas have no internal
landscaping. This creates a corridor that is less welcoming,
uncomfortable to pedestrians, and increases stormwater run-off.
Evolving recreation interests. Over time recreation demands
change and cities must be prepared to adjust and meet new
demands. Park spaces should be flexible and new park land
identified ahead of or with development to ensure a high level of
service.
145
OPPORTUNITIES:
Cultural amenities. Brookings has a healthy supply of cultural
offerings generated by SDSU and other organizations well
beyond what would be expected from a similarly sized city.
Strong offerings today. Brookings is able to provide excellent
opportunities for its residents to experience a good quality of life.
From its park and recreational opportunities, public gathering
spaces including sporting venues, performance spaces, and
commercial shops to its ready access to cultural amenities
including museums, programs at SDSU, and public events.
Bicyclist and pedestrian population. Brookings has a relatively
large segment of the population interested in using a bike or their
own two feet for recreation and/or transportation; this is evident
across the SDSU campus and the high volume of use that the trail
system receives.
Emerging trail network. The existing trail system is well-used
and well-respected by its residents. The Brookings Bicycle
Plan proposes connecting existing trails to create a loop that
will encompass the entire city. Expansion of the trail system, in
addition to a strong on-street network, will create a system that
has both recreation and transportation benefits.
Strong park system. Brookings has a strong park system both
in terms of geographic distribution and the total number of
park acres per capita. This system also appeals to a regional
population with several first class community and specialty parks.
Strong sense of community. Brookings has a strong identity,
both internally and externally, and residents care about the
quality of the built environment. This creates great opportunities
to expand amenities to developing and redeveloping areas.
BIG IDEAS:
Serve all residents with parks, trails, and community
features. The city should strive to provide all of its residents
with convenient access to quality of life features. The system
is strong today but the city should invest in serving all of its
neighborhoods, present and future. Neighborhood should be
designed to engage all residents in a sense of community focused
around common amenities and experiences.
Connect park and community amenities with trails. While many
neighborhoods are served with park amenities, the park system
can become even stronger when these individual resources are
connected.
Integrate quality of life features into development. As Brookings
continues to grow, new developments should create vibrant
multi-use destinations that support activities and residential
settings for multiple generations.
New developments should create great places where Brookings
residents can gather and socialize. On any beautiful evening in
Brookings one can find residents enjoying the Nature Park, trails,
or downtown. Future park space should capitalize on stormwater
retention to create water features that attract people, while new
commercial spaces should mix uses and offer outdoor dining and
common open spaces.
Greater attention should be given to landscaping and design.
This is especially important along key corridors where visitors
have their first impressions of the community and residents
spend the greatest amount of time in the public realm.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION:
1. Implement the recommendations of the Brookings Park
Master Plan and update the plan regularly
2. Maintain all facilities in a state of good repair, continually
evaluate facility use and adapt accordingly to best serve the
market
3. Add park land to the system to ensure the same level of
service as Brookings continues to grow
4. Use trails and greenways to connect the city's existing and
future parks through a linear recreation system
5. Identify and implement new programs and policies for
funding park expansions and enhancements
6. Implement land use regulations that support mixed use
neighborhoods centered around common park or quality of
life amenities
7. Maintain the city's heritage through historic
preservation
8. Improve landscaping regulation
9. Upgrade site design standards
10. Promote inclusive and well-connected neighborhoods
11. Develop and implement a public art master plan
146
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
INTRODUCTION
Brookings provides a high quality of life to its residents, not
only by providing valuable jobs and homes, but also through
community amenities such as parks, trails, cultural facilities,
and good schools. Continuing to support that quality of life
is important to residents. While the city continues to grow
around them, residents want to make sure that the features
they love about Brookings remain constant. This is important
for existing residents but also to businesses trying to attract
and retain employees. A city that looks good and offers a great
quality of life allows people the opportunity to expand their
horizons, encourages a sense of community, advances creativity,
and creates happy residents. Happy and engaged people are
ultimately more productive and connected to their community.
These attributes are especially important to a community that is
trying to attract and retain the next generation workforce.
IMPLEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE
PARK MASTER PLAN
Brookings has a number of excellent parks but park maintenance
and expansion must remain a priority. Park acquisition and
financing must be separate from maintenance budgeting and the
expansion of the system has to be done with a long-term vision.
Prioritize and identify funding sources for key
recommendations with the Park Master Plan
Over the years cities have found a variety of ways to fund park
expansion and maintenance. These have included:
·User fees for maintenance
·General fund dollars for maintenance
·General obligation bonds for larger upgrades and expansions.
These must benefit a broad section of the community to be
effective - if special projects could be viewed as benefiting
only a portion of the population or community, these projects
often need to be bundled with others to extend the reach of
the bond issue.
·A park land dedication ordinance that supports the
development of neighborhood parks in developing areas. This
can be done by requiring either a land dedication or payment
of cash in lieu of a dedication by developers as a condition
of subdivision plat approval. The development of these
spaces can be phased in as growth occurs within an area.
Ultimately everyone benefits from this type of approach – one
development does not have to cover the full cost of including
a park, and they have added value to their development
because of the appeal neighborhood parks have for buyers.
·Team with local civic organizations and philanthropist to fund
the expansion of improvement of the park system
·Public/private partnerships that combine the development of
public spaces with the long-term maintenance of those facilities
MAINTAIN ALL FACILITIES IN A STATE OF
GOOD REPAIR AND CONTINUALLY EVALUATE
FACILITY USES
The cost of maintaining existing parks is increasing, especially
as facilities age, but maintenance and adjustments to changing
interests builds community pride and quality of life.
Budget adequately for the maintenance and
improvement of existing parks on an annual
basis
A systematic assessment of maintenance needs and priorities will
help ensure that funds for operations and maintenance are both
adequate and targeted to address key needs. This assessment
begins with developing and maintaining a thorough inventory
of the conditions, with maintenance and replacement needs, of
existing parks and facilities. It then establishes a maintenance
standard and sets criteria and investment priorities. Establishing
a level of expectation within the community through a systematic
approach can help ensure adequate annual funding through the
city’s budget process.
Continually evaluate recreation trends and
demands to adapt to changing community
desires
Recreation trends are continually evolving, from tennis courts
in the 1970s to soccer fields today. Changing interests and
trends should be evaluated to ensure that the city’s park system
continues to meet the needs and desire of residents. This often
occurs through regular conversations with special interest groups
and advocates.
Regularly review facilities, use and strategic
interventions
The above section on budgeting recommended the
establishment of a thorough inventory of existing facilities. This
inventory should be regularly reviewed to ensure that new issues
have not arisen, and interests have not evolved.
147
7PLAN ELEMENTS
FIGURE 7.1: Proposed Park and Greenway System
148
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
ADD PARK LAND TO THE SYSTEM TO
ENSURE THE SAME LEVEL OF SERVICE AS
BROOKINGS CONTINUES TO GROW
Parks and recreation are a vital component of community life;
therefore, it is essential that the city provide additional facilities
as the community grows. Expansion is necessary to maintain a
high level of park and recreation services that boosts the city’s
competitive position for attracting both residents and visitors.
Expand the city’s neighborhood park system
to growth areas
Within areas that are already developing the city must take
more aggressive steps to identify and secure property for
neighborhood parks. Expansion of regional facilities and sport
complexes have occurred in growth areas on the south side
but neighborhood park space has lagged. For areas that have
not already seen development the city must implement a park
dedication system that ensure new neighborhood parks are
developed in conjunction with new growth (see above initative).
How the city grows is also very important when considering the
demand for neighborhood parks. Neighborhood parks serve
a smaller area and should be located within walking distance
of new dwellings. When considering how to service new
development with neighborhood parks, the following should be
considered:
·More dispersed development will require more parks to
service a smaller population, thus increasing the overall cost
of maintaining the components of the overall park system
·If incorporated into a larger development, the park may need
to be larger (adding several acres and activities) but will
often be more cost effective than several smaller parks which
duplicate facilities and maintenance needs.
·Neighborhoods that integrate a neighborhood park as a
central feature should be encouraged as they: increase use,
contribute more to the value of a development, require a
similar amount of maintenance as less used park resources.
Add to the city’s community park system
through the preservation of areas prone to
water issues, potentially including areas in the
floodplain or with high water tables
As the city grows in population new community parks will also
need to be added. Residents should expect the city will maintain
the current level of service or acres per resident that exist today.
Surrounding the city is a large floodplain and significant areas
where standing water occurs regularly. These areas provide a
great opportunity to enhance stormwater protection, connect
residents to the region’s ecosystem, and expand the city’s parks
system. These parks may have to be slightly larger to ensure good
stormwater protection and adequate space for park amenities.
Cities often purchase park land with a phased approach to
development of that land. For a larger community park the land
may even be purchased well ahead of residential development
but with a longer term vision toward residents’ needs. Ultimately
these areas should be connected to surrounding neighborhoods,
the park system, and major community destinations through
existing greenways and the trail system.
USE TRAILS AND GREENWAYS TO CONNECT
THE CITY’S EXISTING AND FUTURE PARKS
THROUGH A LINEAR RECREATION SYSTEM
Trails and greenways can be one of the best ways to expand park
access to the widest audience. Brookings is a safe community its
residents should feel comfortable walking or riding a bike to their
nearest park and should feel assured that they will have a good
experience once they arrive. Safe routes to those parks can be the
final hurdle to creating greater access.
Implement the Bicycle Master Plan (see
Chapter 5 and Transportation initiatives also)
Brookings’ Bicycle Master Plan outlines an extensive list of
potential projects that can connect key destinations. The plan
includes priority projects, design standards, funding sources
and responsibilities. This system can be easier and sometimes
a more affordable way to connect residents in underserved
neighborhoods to parks and recreation facilities.
Require buffers along drainageways both for
protection and to create corridors that connect
destinations together
The city’s drainageways and low-lying areas are a great way
to improve stormwater management and create corridors of
connectivity. A small additional buffer should be added to the
drainageways, both to add protection and provide space for
trail linkages. The existing trail south of 20th Street South along
Medary where the drainageway parallels the street and the trail
parallels the drainageway to the west provides a comparable
scenario.
149
7PLAN ELEMENTS
FIGURE 7.2: Future Trail and Infrastructure Plan - Brookings Bicycle Master Plan
Trail Loop Search Corridors
Shared Use Path or Separated Bike Lane
150
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
IDENTIFY AND IMPLEMENT NEW PROGRAMS
AND POLICIES FOR FUNDING PARK
EXPANSIONS AND ENHANCEMENTS
Park funding has historically been done on the local level as
compared to other infrastructure like roads that may be eligible
for state and federal assistance. As outside dollars begin to
shrink these services will depend more and more on local dollars
making park funding even more competitive. Communities need
to continue to find innovative ways to fund park maintenance and
expansion.
Adopt a park land dedication ordinance
Neighborhood parks are a fundamental component of any park
system. These are the parks where families walk for playground
time or a picnic. They are the spot where neighbors interact and
connect with their community. In the past there has been no set
policy or ordinance to ensure that new neighborhood parks are
developed in growing areas. To the extent permitted by state law,
the city should adopt a park land dedication ordinance to assist
in the acquisition of neighborhood park land. This can be done
by requiring either a land dedication or payment of cash in lieu
of a dedication by developers as a condition of subdivision plat
approval. The development of these spaces then can be phased
in as growth occurs within an area. Ultimately everyone benefits
from this type of approach – one development doesn’t have to
cover the full cost of including a park, and they have added value
to their development because of the appeal neighborhood parks
have for buyers.
Develop a Park Expansion Trust Fund
A park dedication ordinance should not put an additional burden
on the development of new affordable housing. Community
leaders may want to consider the development of a park trust
fund that could be called upon if a development provides
additional affordable housing. The cost of providing additional
park land or a cash in lieu payment could be offset through
trust fund dollars if the development were to provide a certain
percentage of housing in price points that meet the city’s
workforce housing demand.
Team with local civic organizations and
philanthropist to fund the expansion and
improvement of the park system
The city should develop partnerships and sponsorships with local
organizations to assist with the improvement and expansion of
the park system. For smaller neighborhood parks partnerships
with civic organizations can assist in the maintenance and
fundraising for smaller scale improvements, such as new
playground equipment. For larger scale or community parks
the city should consider teaming with local businesses or
philanthropists to fund or sponsor expansions. These often
include naming rights and other recognitions for the sponsoring
company.
IMPLEMENT LAND USE REGULATIONS THAT
SUPPORT INTENSITY BASED OR MIXED-USE
NEIGHBORHOODS, CENTERED AROUND
COMMON PARK AND QUALITY OF LIFE
AMENITIES.
Brookings regulates development with traditional ordinances that
often silo uses. The land use approach outlined in Chapter 3 uses
character, intensity, and performance as the primary measures
of land development. This does not mean that the city’s existing
ordinance needs to be discarded but should be reviewed for key
hurdles to creating mixed-use neighborhoods.
Implement the land use guidelines outlined in
the land use section of the plan.
Chapter 3 outlined the benefits of encouraging a mix of land uses
and activities. Implementation of an intensity-based approach
combines like uses and encourages the creation of more vibrant
centers of activity. These centers add to residents’ quality of life
by improving access to daily services, jobs, and entertainment
options.
Direct city investments and redevelopment
dollars toward mixed-use projects
Residents asked for more destinations where a person could
walk, dine, and shop in one stop. The city should prioritize
infrastructure and redevelopment dollars in the downtown, the
growing 20th Street South corridor, and on the east side of the
interstate toward projects that create mixed use destinations.
This same approach should be taken for any of the city’s other
existing commercial corridors and nodes.
151
7PLAN ELEMENTS
Require features in low density developments
that create a sense of community
Ultimately, creating great places involves more than just a
building; it includes creating a public realm that may include
walkways, landscaping, public spaces to meet or enjoy,
shapes and edges, public art, street furniture, water, and other
ingredients. It is very difficult to legislate good places for people
but the city should strive to create projects that, even when they
seem routine, contribute something to the beauty and welfare of
the city.
MAINTAIN THE CITY’S HERITAGE THROUGH
HISTORIC PRESERVATION
Brookings historic districts and structures hold a special place in
the hearts of many residents. Preservation of these places should
add to the quality of life and create a vibrant urban environment.
Retaining the historic quality of districts and buildings is
important to safeguard history but should also benefit the
community as a whole. Preservation should enhance the
environmental quality of the city, improve the economic potential
of a neighborhood or building, and strengthen property values.
Revise the city-wide historic preservation
assessment and implement historic
preservation plans and programs
Brookings should improve its understanding of the extent
and condition of its existing historic resources and the state of
current practice. This should be done through the development
of a historic preservation assessment that quantifies the impact
of current development patterns and existing policies and
regulations on the city’s historic resources. A comprehensive
historic preservation plan should identify future preservation and
rehabilitation initiatives. Historic preservation programs should
implement the basis for new and improved policies, review
guidelines, and incentives to conserve the city’s spectrum of
historic assets.
Create targeted incentives for preservation,
aimed at potential obstacles
Cities and developers have used a wide variety of tools to remove
the obstacles to historic preservation. These have included
low-interest or forgivable loans, Tax Increment Financing,
historic tax credits, preservation easements, and expedited
review processes. These strategies should focus on two general
areas: financing gaps created by some of the contingencies of
historically appropriate preservation (see Department of Interior
Standards) and adaptive reuse, and concerns by developers
about delays or uncertainties during the project development
process.
Develop guidelines for development in the
downtown or other historic districts
Development should respect the historic character of downtown
and adjacent historic neighborhood districts. However, historic
design guidelines should be just that, “guidelines” and not
prescriptive regulations that deter redevelopment and result in
continued deterioration of historic structures. The guidelines
should be a guide to building owners, contractors and project
reviewers prior to work being initiated and should support
the compatible use of a property through repair, alteration,
or addition while preserving those portions or features which
convey its historical, cultural, or architectural value.
152
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
PRESERVATION PLANNING
IN BROOKINGS
South Dakota Codified Law Section 1-19A-11.1
establishes procedures for historic properties
identified throughout the state. Included
in this section is a review process that is
required for any project involving property
included in the National Register of Historic
Places or the State Register of Historic Places
prior to the owner receiving a building permit.
The 11.1 review process (as it is known across
the state) uses the Secretary of the interior’s
Standards for Rehabilitation as the primary
metric for evaluating a project’s impact on a
historic property.
The State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO),
in collaboration with the local Brookings
Historic Preservation Commission, and City
of Brookings staff, reviews proposals to
determine if a project has the potential to
damage, encroach upon, or destroy historic
properties.
The goal of this process is to ensure that
projects proposed in historic districts and/
or on historic properties consider all feasible
and prudent alternatives to minimize harm
to historic properties and their character-
defining features.
FIGURE 7.3: Historic Districts in Brookings
Central Residential
Historic District
University Residential
Historic District
Medary3rd Street
6th Street
8th Street
MainCommercial
Historic
District
Sexauer Seed
Historic District
Sexauer Seed
Historic District
153
7PLAN ELEMENTS
SECRETARY OF INTERIOR STANDARDS FOR
REHABILITATION
The guidelines established in this document
follow the Secretary of the Interior’s
“Standards for Rehabilitation.” The standards
are intended to be a guide to building owners,
contractors and project reviewers prior to
work being initiated.
The “Standards” define rehabilitation as
the act or process of making possible a
compatible use for a property through repair,
alterations, and additions while preserving
those portions or features which convey its
historical, cultural, or architectural values.
The “Standards for Rehabilitation” are:
1. A property will be used as it was historically or
be given a new use that requires minimal change
to its distinctive materials, features, spaces, and
spatial relationships.
2. The historic character of a property will be
retained and preserved. The removal of
distinctive materials or alteration of features,
spaces, and spatial relationships that characterize
a property will be avoided.
3. Each property will be recognized as a physical
record of its time, place, and use. Changes that
create a false sense of historical development,
such as adding conjectural features or elements
from other historic properties, will not be
undertaken.
4. Changes to a property that have acquired historic
significance in their own right will be retained and
preserved.
5. Distinctive materials, features, finishes, and
construction techniques or examples of
craftsmanship that characterize a property will
be preserved.
6. Deteriorated historic features will be repaired
rather than replaced. Where the severity
of deterioration requires replacement of a
distinctive feature, the new feature will match the
old in design, color, texture, and, where possible
materials. Replacement of missing features will
be substantiated by documentary and physical
evidence.
7. Chemical or physical treatments, if appropriate,
will be undertaken using the gentlest means
possible. Treatments that cause damage to
historic materials will not be used.
8. Archeological resources will be protected and
preserved in place. If such resources must
be disturbed, mitigation measures will be
undertaken.
9. New additions, exterior alterations, or related
new construction will not destroy historic
materials, features, and spatial relationships that
characterize the property. The new work will be
differentiated from the old and will be compatible
with the historic materials, features, size, scale,
and proportion, and massing to protect the
integrity of the property and its environment.
10. New additions and adjacent or related new
construction will be undertaken in such a manner
that, if removed in the future, the essential form
and integrity of the historic property and its
environment would be unimpaired.
154
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
IMPROVE LANDSCAPING REGULATIONS
Urban landscaping is a crucial contributor to an attractive
community image. Landscaping can minimize land use
incompatibilities but also enriches the urban environment.
Residents at community input sessions noted the difference
between the South Main Street north and south of 8th Street
South. To the north the simple addition of trees and a greenspace
between the sidewalk and the street created a critical perception
difference. This awareness needs to be kept in mind as a desire
for better quality public and semi-public environments are
designed.
Support and encourage the use of native
landscaping materials
In South Dakota’s harsh environment the use of non-native
materials can quickly result in deteriorated looking areas or very
high water usages. The city should develop a list of regional
appropriate materials that should be given out to developers.
This list should be developed with the assistance of area experts
from SDSU. Additional guidelines for consideration would
provide information on maintenance and care of these materials.
Additionally, the city should work with local garden clubs or
beautification groups to raise money and apply for grants that
support tree and plant material giveaways.
Require additional landscaping for larger
projects
Tree planting and landscaping in larger projects and especially in
large parking lots has multiple benefits. Trees shade parking and
walkways, decrease the heat island effect, help orient customers
in large parking lots, manage circulation, and can be integrated
into design elements that provide public spaces and safe paths
for pedestrians. Landscaping should also assist in stormwater
management and reduce the volume and velocity of run-off.
Finally, landscaping and circulation in larger developments
should create an environment that is friendly and reflects the
pride residents have in Brookings.
UPGRADE SITE DESIGN STANDARDS
Good site design standards should do more than just ensure
proper turning radius but must also create environments that
people want to be in, properly control stormwater management,
and create safe connections to surrounding developments.
Require pedestrian accommodations in all site
design
New developments and redevelopment of existing sites must
include better pedestrian connections. At a minimum this may
include:
·Safe walkways between parking areas and business entrances
·Defined walkways between businesses within a development
·Median breaks and refuge areas when crossing major streets
·Well defined crosswalks that offer the pedestrian the shortest
possible crossing
·Connections to any adjacent trails or sidewalks
·Safe and convenient connections to public transit stops
(current or planned)
Create design guidelines for all arterial streets
Many communities have applied a higher level of site
development standards for their busiest corridors. A city’s arterial
streets carry the highest volume of traffic and may be the only
perspective a visitor has of the community. Standards for these
corridors should strive to create the greatest impression possible
and may include basic landscaping, lighting, sidewalk and
crosswalk design, utility placement and visibility, and screening of
stored materials.
Develop design guidelines for the 6th Street
corridor
As one of the city’s strategic areas, greater detail will be
provided on development of the 6th Street corridor in Chapter 8.
However, the importance of this corridor can not be overstated.
Design guidelines for this area should give clear direction to the
development community and planning commission. Guidelines
should focus on good landscaping, connectivity, shared parking,
stormwater management that creates amenities, public spaces,
building massing and scale, and properly scaled signage.
Integrate art and sculptures into public spaces
Art helps the public environment come alive! Public art should be
integrated into public gathering places including those that are
planned for construction. Priority areas for public art installations
should be: mixed use town centers; nodes along 6th Street and
22nd Avenue; at community gateways; and other gathering
places.
155
7PLAN ELEMENTS
Implement the recommendations of the Brookings Park Master
Plan and update the plan regularly Action Varies City Staff Advisory Committees, City Council
Promote the advancement, development, and appreciation of
public art into community amenities.Goal Ongoing City Council Advisory Committees, City Staff
Encourage environmentally friendly construction methods and use
of recyclable, green "sustainable" materials.Goal Ongoing City Council Advisory Committees, City Staff
Implement the recomments of the Brookings Park Master Plan as
it pertains the developing and maintaining a strong and healthy
urban forest and update the plan regularily.
Action Varies City Staff Advisory Committees, City Council
Prioritize and identify funding sources for key recommendations
with the Park Master Plan Action Varies City Staff Advisory Committees, City Council
Maintain all facilities in a state of good repair, continually evaluate
facility use and adapt accordingly to best serve the market Action Ongoing City Staff City Council
Budget adequately for the maintenance and improvement of
existing parks on an annual basis Policy Ongoing City Council City Staff
Continually evaluate recreation trends and demands to adapt to
changing community desires Action Ongoing City Staff Advisory Committees
Expand the city’s neighborhood park system into growth areas Action Ongoing City Staff Planning Commission, City Council,
Developers
Add to the city’s community park system through the preservation
of areas prone to water issues, potentially including areas in the
floodplain or with high water tables
Action Ongoing City Council City Staff, Developers
Use trails and greenways to connect the city's existing and future
parks through a linear recreation system Action Ongoing City Council City Staff, Developers, Advisory
Committees
Implement the Bicycle Master Plan Action Varies City Staff Advisory Committees, City Council,
Consultant
Require buffers along drainageways both for protection and to
create corridors that connect destinations together Policy Medium Planning
Commission City Staff, Developers
Promote inclusive and well-connected neighborhoods. Goal Ongoing City Council City Staff, Advisory Committee
Develop and implement a public art master plan.Action Short Advisory
Committees City Staff, City Council
FIGURE 7.4: Implementation Table
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
156
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
Identify and implement new programs and policies for funding
park expansions and enhancements Policy Short City Staff Advisory Committees
Adopt a park land dedication ordinance Policy Short City Staff Park & Rec Board, City Council
Coordinate infrastructure extensions to reflect the shared goals of
the City of Brookings and Brookings Municipal Utilities Action Medium City Council City Staff, BMU
Promote land development consistent with the comprehensive
plan Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff
Consider a policy to evaluate the cost-benefit analysis of
infrastructure extensions Policy Short City Council City Staff, BMU
Coordinate existing stormwater ordinances with the vision of the
land use plan Policy Ongoing City Staff Planning Commission, City Council
Evaluate ordinance updates that would require stormwater
management to be integrated as a site amenity Action Short Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff, Developers
Evaluate ways to incentivize innovative approaches to stormwater
management Action Short City Staff City Council, Developers
Identify area(s) for larger regional detention Action Medium City Staff Consultant
Strategically identify and implement specific initiatives identified
in the 2014 Brookings Benchmarks Baseline Sustainability Report
as amended thereto.
Goal Medium City Staff Advisory Committees, City Council
Develop creative measures to increase efficiencies of solid waste
through more environmentally sustainable management practices.Action Medium City Staff Advisory Committees, City Council
Develop a Park Expansion Trust Fund Policy Short City Council City Staff, Philanthropists
Team with local civic organizations and philanthropists to fund the
expansion and improvement of the park system Action Short City Council City Staff, Philanthropists, Advisory
Committees
Implement land use regulations that support mixed use
neighborhoods centered around common park or quality of life
amenities
Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission City Staff, City Council, Consultant
157
7PLAN ELEMENTS
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
Direct city investments and redevelopment dollars toward mixed-
use projects Action Short City Council City Staff
Require features in low density developments that create a sense
of community Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission City Staff
Maintain the city's heritage through appropriate historic
preservation Goal Ongoing Advisory
Committees City Staff, Planning Commission
Revise the city-wide historic preservation assessment and
implement historic preservation plans and programs Action Medium Advisory
Committees City Staff
Create targeted incentives for preservation aimed at overcoming
potential obstacles Action Short City Staff City Council, Advisory Committee,
Developers
Develop guidelines for development in the downtown or other
historic districts Action Short City Staff Main Street Organization, Advisory
Committees
Improve landscaping regulations Policy Medium Planning
Commission City Staff
Support and encourage the use of native landscaping materials Policy Ongoing City Staff Planning Commission
Require additional landscaping for larger projects Policy Short Planning
Commission City Staff, City Council
Upgrade site design standards Policy Short Planning
Commission City Staff
Require pedestrian accommodations in all site design Policy Short Planning
Commission City Staff
Create design guidelines for all arterial streets Policy Medium Planning
Commission City Staff
Develop design guidelines for the 6th Street corridor Policy Short Planning
Commission City Staff, Consultant
Integrate art and sculptures into public spaces Policy Ongoing Advisory
Committees
City Staff, Developers,
Philanthropists
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
TITLE HERE
8
Strategic Development Areas
By virtue of how cities operate - with issues and opportunities at both the
micro and macro scales - it is possible to create some of the greatest progress
with tactical interventions. The purpose of this section is to examine several
of these strategic development areas and offer recommendations on how to
guide these areas for the greatest impact.
160
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
INTRODUCTION
In the process of studying the community to develop this
comprehensive plan, several themes emerged that required
a more detailed exploration of small-scale development
opportunities.
1. Brookings has a finite amount of land to accomodate its
growing population. The Steering Committee expressed a
strong focus on promoting responsible infill development
to make the most of the developable land and the existing
infrastructure that it has to serve new development.
2. The exceptional pride that residents have in Brookings grew
from it being a small town where people know and help one
another. Continued low-density development from the fringe
of the city is not sustainable and would quickly jeopardize the
small-town character that residents know and love.
3. The community is committed to improving the quality of life
for all of its stakeholders. To best serve its population, the city
recognizes that it must: improve the function and value of its
districts and shopping centers; improve the quality of life for
all of its residents including the disadvantaged; and focusing
on building quality places for current and future generations.
Many of these themes focus on looking at ways to improve areas
of the city through site treatments, development policy, and
targeted reinvestment.
ORGANIZATION
The section addresses four primary topic areas in the following
order.
1. South Main Avenue Corridor
2. 6th Street Corridor
3. Planning for the Future of Aging Mobile Home Parks
4. Bridging the Interstate Divide
5. Strengthening Downtown
The recommendations of this chapter should be viewed and
used as a supplement to the unified land use vision contain in
Chapter 3.
161
8PLAN ELEMENTS
SOUTH MAIN AVENUE CORRIDOR
The South Main Avenue Corridor reflects a literal journey in time
through the history of Brookings' development patterns. From its
northern origin in the downtown district south, the character of
the street experiences several distinct segments ranging from:
·a mix of residential and commercial uses (until 5th Street), to
a greater concentration of light industrial operations (until 8th
Street South),
·then incorporating more adjacent contemporary residential
neighborhoods (until 15th Street South),
·before shifting toward exclusively contemporary residential.
This section will evaluate the Main Avenue South corridor
between the railroad and 12th Street South. With a combination
of tactical policy and investment interventions, this corridor could
serve as an effective bicycle and pedestrian route and support
high quality infill development.
PUBLIC INPUT AND DEVELOPMENT VISION
Due to the importance of this corridor in the future transportation
system (when the 20th Street interchange is completed), the
city chose to evaluate the corridor to explore opportunities to
improve its role in the city.
In August of 2017, the planning team facilitated a design
workshop to explore the opportunities and challenges that exist
within this corridor and the 6th Street Corridor.
Public Priorities and Recommended Actions:
·Incorporate multi-use trails and sidewalks along the right of
way to provide a north-south connection for bicyclists and
pedestrians
›Explore funding mechanisms to install a trail along the
South Main corridor. This may include public-private
partnerships.
·Promote landscaping and tree plantings along the corridor
›Evaluate adopting or updating landscape requirements to
require landscaping for site development projects.
·Reduce the number of new accesses allowed onto Main
Avenue South to allieviate potential traffic conflicts
›Encourage businesses to share driveway accesses
162
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
6TH STREET CORRIDOR
The 6th Street Corridor is important to the community as the
primary access to the city, to SDSU, to downtown, and the many
businesses along the corridor. It serves both a functional and
symbolic role as it represents Brookings as a whole.
·The visual impression that users experience from 6th Street
will impact their overall impression and experience.
·The function of the corridor must accomodate customers who
travel along 6th Street (often vehicular traffic) in addition to
the more localized customer base (pedestrians and bicyclists
from the adjacent residential neighborhoods).
·While it serves as a major corridor through the community, it
also divides the adjacent neighborhoods in an environment that
can be intimidating to pedestrians seeking to cross the road.
6th Street will continue to face significant development pressure
from the private sector in addition to residents expecting
improvements to the public realm. To date, the investment
projects have sought to improve the function of the corridor as
the principal arterial and business street through Brookings.
PUBLIC REALM IMPROVEMENTS
·Gateway landscaping, open space preservation, and
gateway signage between 20th Avenue and 22nd Avenue.
The gateway treatments are exceptional and offer a warm
welcome to visitors.
·The open space southwest of 22nd Avenue and 6th Street
includes a trail segment that can be expanded in all directions.
·The reconstruction of the interchange and 6th Street west to
22nd Avenue including thematic and streetscape elements in
additon to a wide sidewalk along the northside of 6th Street
was completed in 2018.
·Enhancements to Hillcrest Park including the installation of
landscaping, public art, a pedestran crossing signal across 6th
Street, and improvements to the Hillcrest Aquatic Center.
·A planned sidepath trail on 6th Street near the downtown
planned for 2020.
PRIVATE SECTOR INVESTMENTS
·6th Street Centre (Jimmy John's Mixed Use Project). At 13th
Avenue and 6th Street, the three story building includes front
parking, two drive-thru service windows, four businesses, and
two floors of residential units.
·Bank Star. At 13th Avenue and 6th Street, the single use
building includes two stories, a drive through, and parking
along both street frontages.
·Parkhill Lofts (Approved). At 12th Avenue and 6th Street,
the Parkhill Lofts proposal prompted much dialogue about
the appropriate scale and design character along the 6th
Street Corridor including how to manage parking and other
site impacts. The project was approved by the Planning
Commission as a four story building (approximate height of
48 feet), with parking beneath and behind the building, and
landscaping along the 6th Street frontage.
·Additional private sector improvements have also occured
including reinvestment in existing facilities throughout
the district and the acquisition of properties with plans to
redevelop.
163
8PLAN ELEMENTS
PUBLIC INPUT AND DEVELOPMENT VISION
Based on the current and future importance of this corridor and
the amount of continued development pressure, the city chose
to make a closer evaluation of the 6th Street Corridor to explore
opportunities to improve its image and function.
In August of 2017, the planning team facilitated a design
workshop to explore the opportunities and challenges that
exist within this corridor. The workshop was well attended and
stakeholders expressed strong opinions about the vision for 6th
Street.
Public Priorities:
·Create an attractive and welcoming pedestrian environment
along the length of the corridor related to the scale and
configuration of development
·Integrate safe and comfortable bicycle and pedestrian
crossings at major nodes along 6th Street
·Continue to integrate landscaping and thematic elements into
the streetscape
·Promote high quality development and a mix of
complementary uses that allow the corridor to function as a
cohesive business district rather than a collection of unrelated
businesses
·Mitigate impacts to the adjacent historic districts by
encouraging a graceful transition between those properties
with frontage on 6th Street to those with frontage on 7th and
5th Streets respectively
General Recommendations
·Appropriate redevelopment scale depends on the perception
of height from the sidewalk or curb lane.
›For low and moderate density residential and commercial
uses, the 6th Street frontage should maintain a minimum
setback from the sidewalk that is landscaped.
›For larger redevelopment projects such as mixed use
or high density residential projects, the scale (real and
perceived) is important and should be evaluated by the
following guidelines:
»A maximum height of four-stories is generally
appropriate
»Parking should be hidden or screened from 6th Street
when possible to increase the amount of frontage
designed for pedestrians
»Actions should be taken to mitigate the perceived
scale (height, lot coverage, and setback) should be
integrated such as incorporating landscaping, element
sof visual interest to a pedestrian, or setting back the
upper floors
»Actions should be taken to address site impacts
such as vehicle parking and traffic, stormwater, and
screening from adjacent properties and uses
·The diversity of land uses and scales along the corridor
require that a block-by-block evaluation be conducted to
identify whether a project is appropriate or can be made
appropriate. The Urban Strategy Area Policy Map (Figure 8.1)
provides a high-level review of where and how development
should occur along the corridor.
·Enhanced pedestrian crossings should be integrated
throughout the corridor especially at the attention nodes.
164
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
POLICY AREA:RESIDENTIAL SCALE PRESERVATION
EXISTING CONDITION:
·The 6th Street Corridor was comprised primarily of single
family detached dwellings constructed in the first half of the
20th Century. While sections of the corridor have redeveloped
as commercial businesses, the areas identified as “Residential
Scale Preservation” have maintained the character and scale
of the original residential neighborhoods.
FUTURE:
·Preserve the scale of the original 6th Street residential
neighborhoods for housing and commerce.
Form and Scale
·One to two story structures with residential appearance
·Setbacks typically between 25-30 feet
·Prefer parking from the alley
·Limited signage for commercial uses
THE POLICY MAP
The Urban Strategy Area Policy Map (FIgure 8.1) provides
guidance on how the corridor should evolve to respect its
strengths and character today and to promote new investment
that improves the image and function of 6th Street.
Based on public input, recent proposals, and a detailed study
of the corridor - the policy map balances competing realities,
perspectives, and the many roles that the corridor plays today to
create a vision for tomorrow.
THE DESIGN CONCEPT CALLOUTS
There are several locations throughout the corridor that would
benefit from tactical site improvements and reinvestments. While
these callouts identify improvements on private properties, these
improvements offer significant benefit to the development of the
corridor and its role in the community by: enhancing the function
of regional assets; by connecting disparate features; and by
demonstrating the value of good site design as a model for future
projects.
HOW TO USE THE POLICY MAP AND THE
DESIGN CONCEPT CALLOUTS:
A Policy Guide. In the same way that the Future Land Use Plan
serves as a guide to decision makers, the policy map can be
used by policy makers when considering the appropriateness
of a land use or development policy. It can also be used by the
development community and land owners along the corridor and
in adjacent neigborhoods.
A Focus on Design Compatibility. While zoning functions
relatively well to avoid compatibility issues, it does not do an
especially good job regulating good design or scale. The policy
map and this section provides direction to promote quality
development and it may be appropriate for the city to craft basic
design guidelines to better articulate a vision for appropriate
scale, use, and development practices.
Transitions and Compatibility
·Landscaping between this and higher intensity uses
·Alleys and rear yards should function as a transition zone to improve compatibility
165
8PLAN ELEMENTS
POLICY AREA:MEDIUM DENSITY RESIDENTIAL
POLICY AREA:HIGH DENSITY RESIDENTIAL
EXISTING CONDITION:
·A mix of single-family homes, converted dwellings, and small
multi-family structures
FUTURE ROLE:
·Preserve existing medium density residential neighborhoods
and encourage additional density at target locations along the
corridor
Form and Scale:
·One to three story structures
·Converted single family homes or townhome configuration
·Prefer parking to be located behind or to the side of the building
·Entrances oriented to the sidewalk and the primary façade to
the street
·The setbacks of the development should be consistent with the character of the block
·It is sometimes appropriate to incorporate commercial on the ground floor in addition to residential amenities
EXISTING CONDITION:
·High density residential policy areas include locations that
are currently developed as high density residential or in areas
where the properties are owned by a developer with plans to
redevelop the site.
FUTURE ROLE:
·Encourage additional density in targeted locations to
generate activity at certain segments of the corridor and to
reinforce the importance of attention nodes.
Form and Scale:
·Typically a three to four story structure
·To reduce the perceived scale of a structure, the upper floors
may be setback from the street
·Parking should be located beneath or behind the building
·Entrances oriented to the sidewalk and the primary façade to
the street
·The setbacks of the development should be consistent with
the character of the block
·It is often appropriate to incorporate commercial on the ground floor in addition to residential amenities
Transitions and Compatibility:
·Landscaping the transition between lower and higher intensity uses
·Parking lot lighting should be pointed downward
·When adjacent to low density residential areas, additional
measures should be taken to increase the compatibility.
›Additional landscaping at the transition between land uses
›Additional design attention of the rear façade for greater
compatibility with the architectural character of the
adjacent neighborhoods
›Reduce the height of the project or the perception of
height
›Screen utilities and waste enclosures using shrubs, trees,
fencing, or other landscape treatments
Transitions and Compatibility:
·Landscaping to transition between lower intensity uses.
·When adjacent to lower intensity uses, additional measures
should be taken to increase the compatibility of the uses.
›Additional landscaping at the transition point
›Additional design attention of the rear façade for greater
architectural compatibility with the adjacent character
›Reduce the height of the project or the perception of
height
›Screen utilities and waste enclosures using shrubs, trees,
fencing, or other landscape treatments
›Parking lot lighting should be pointed downward
166
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
Definitions:
Design Concept Area. A design concept area is a
priority area identified for its opportunity to create
significant public benefits through relatively modest,
but targeted, investments to site configurations and
redevelpment. These areas are explored later in this
section with more detailed design concepts.
Attention Node. Nodes are focal points along a
pathway that should be reinforced through targeted
investment and actions. These areas are explored later
in this section with more detailed recommendations.
No Change Recommended. Many of the uses in the
corridor are not recommended for any change or
to receive significant reinvestment. These include
areas identified as existing uses, office, restaurant,
or downtown. While additional investment and
improvements are always recommended, these areas
do not need to change.
Mixed Use (MU). This notation is added to MDR and
HDR policy areas that council benefit from additional
life and activity along the corridor.
Residential Scale Preservation. Described previously
Medium Density Residential. Described previously
High Density Residential. Described previously
18PLAN ELEMENTS
FIGURE 8.1: Urban Strategy Areas - Policy Areas and Design Concept Callouts
D e s i g n C o ncept Area
D e s i g n C oncept Area
Civic20th AveJackrabbit Avenue14th AvenueCampanile Avenue12th Avenue11th Avenue9th Avenue8th Avenue7th Avenue6th Avenue5th Avenue3rd Avenue2nd Avenue1st Avenue3rd Street
4th Street
5th Street
6th Street
7th Street
8th StreetMain AvenueMedary Avenue22nd AveCivicCivicHDRHDR /
MUHDR
MDRCampus
Gateway
MDR
MDR
MDR MDR
MDR
MDR / MU
MDR / MU
HDR
MDRRSP
MU /
HDR
Civic
Civic Rest.Com.Off.Com.
RSPRSP
RSPRSP
RSPRSP
RSPRSPRSPRSP
DT DT
Off. Redev
Off. Redev.
DT DT
DT DT
CITY CENTER PLAZA ENHANCEMENT
more detail on page 156
more detail on page 157
more detail on page 158
MIXED USE SCALE
PROTOTYPE VILLAGE SQUARE ENHANCEMENT
6th Street
6th Street
6th Street
3rd Avenue17th Avenue1st AvenueMain AvenueMedary Avenue11th AvenueResidential Scale Preservation (RSP)
Medium Density Residential (MDR)
High Density Residential (HDR)
168
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
ATTENTION NODES
"Attention nodes" can be thought about as a focal point that
is, or should be, noteworthy to a user of the corridor. These can
include major intersections, locations of public interest such as
public art, or concentrations of development. When evaluating
the 6th Street Corridor, several attention nodes emerged as being
especially important for its future.
1st Avenue
The 1st Avenue node is the western most focal point along
the corridor. Building on the strategic importance of Pioneer
Park which serves as a destination and valuable greenspace,
the intersection of 1st Avenue and 6th Street is a strategic
opportunity. The Policy Map and the Design Concept Callouts
identify this node as being prime for reinvestment. Focusing
attention at this location would eliminate blight conditions, would
leverage and connect Pioneer Park with the corridor, and would
allow for infill redevelopment that would contribute to the health
of the downtown and City Plaza Mall.
Appropriate interventions may include:
·Target the segments of the intersection opposite of Pioneer
Park for high density residential and urban scale commercial
redevelopment
·Improved pedestrian crossings (example treatments:
crosswalks, pedestrian crossing signs or beacons, and a
pedestrian refuge median).
·Streetscape enhancements to continue the landscaping and
thematic treatments throughout the corridor.11th Avenue9th Avenue8th Avenue7th Avenue6th Avenue5th Avenue3rd Avenue2nd Avenue1st Avenue7th Street
5th StreetMain AvenueMedary Avenue1st Ave
Node
3rd Ave
Node
Main Ave
Node
Medary
Node
3rd Avenue
The 3rd Avenue node is presently the least visible node along
the corridor but, with the reconfiguration of the City Plaza site,
3rd Avenue could easily be repositioned as a primary connection
between the downtown district and the City Plaza Mall. The
enhancement of this node would unite the downtown district and
the City Plaza site as complementary and connected destinations.
Appropriate interventions may include:
·Streetscape enhancements to continue the landscaping and
thematic treatments throughout the corridor and to make the
node more welcoming to pedestrians.
·Site improvements to the City Plaza site to provide a more
direct and intentional access through the site for vehicles and
pedestrians
·Improved pedestrian crossings (example treatments:
crosswalks, pedestrian crossing signs or beacons, and a
pedestrian refuge median)
Residential Scale Preservation (RSP)
Medium Density Residential (MDR)
High Density Residential (HDR)
169
8PLAN ELEMENTS
Main Avenue
The Main Avenue is the connection point between downtown,
the neighborhoods north of 6th Street, and the City Plaza Mall.
As the entryway to the city's downtown district, the Main Avenue
node is important for its functional role but also for the role it
plays in welcoming visitors to downtown Brookings. This is an
opportunity to highlight a symbolic transition in the city.
Appropriate interventions may include:
·Improved pedestrian crossings (example treatments: painted
crosswalks, pedestrian crossing signs or beacons, and a
pedestrian refuge median).
·Site improvements to the City Plaza site to provide a more
cohesive and comfortable connection between the downtown
and the City Plaza site.
·Streetscape enhancements to welcome visitors to downtown
Brookings and continue the landscaping and thematic
elements throughout the corridor.
Medary Avenue
The intersection of Medary Avenue and 6th Street is important
due to its roles as the transition between two arterial streets and
a major access into SDSU. As a central node in the city and its
transportation system, Medary and 6th should be a focal point for
visitors due to its public environment and the urban development
in vicinity of this intersection.
Appropriate interventions may include:
·Improved pedestrian crossings (example treatments:
crosswalks, pedestrian crossing signs or beacons, and a
pedestrian refuge median).
·A concentration of high density residential and mixed use
environments to reinforce the importance of this node as
a connection between SDSU and the 6th Street Corridor.
An example of what an appropriate scale might look like is
described in "Mixed Use Scale Prototype Design Callout."
·Streetscape enhancements to continue the landscaping and
thematic treatments throughout the corridor.
170
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
DESIGN CONCEPT AREA:
CITY PLAZA
The City Plaza Mall is a traditional 1960's era shopping center
located on 6th Street at the base of Main Avenue. While fully
occupied, the site includes virtually no internal circulation pattern
and intentional connection to the downtown. Extending west of
the mall toward Pioneer Park, this area includes many underused
properties that could be redeveloped to the benefit of the
corridor, the downtown, and the City Plaza Mall.
The Concept
City Plaza Site Improvements
·The concept proposes limited site treatments to the City Plaza
Mall to create comfortable and welcoming circulation patterns
for drivers, pedestrians, and bicyclists. Treatments include:
trees; sidewalks; and more clearly defined parking and drive
aisles.
·By orienting the main entrance toward downtown and by
improving pedestrian crossings at Main Avenue and 3rd
Avenue, the City Plaza would be viewed as a more obvious
extension of downtown and would therefore benefit from
additional patronage and pedestrian access.
·Treatments would direct vehicle access from 6th Street to two
locations - east of the mixed use building at the southeast
corner of the site and 3rd Avenue. The remaining accesses
would be closed.
West of City Plaza - Targeted Redevelopment and
Pedestrian Enhancements
·The concept proposes the redevelopment of several blighted
or underused sites west of the City Plaza Mall. These
improvements (described in the 1st Avenue Node discussion)
would leverage the quality of Pioneer Park to accomodate
additional housing and high quality development in close
proximity to the downtown and other amenities.
·By reinforcing the 1st Avenue node with new development,
it will better connect Pioneer Park to the downtown and City
Plaza Mall, will begin to make the northwestern developments
feel less distant, and eliminate blight conditions.
City Plaza Mall
Rest./ Groc.Rest.
Com. Dev.(2 story)
HDR
HDRPioneerPark
Com.Com.3rd Avenue6th Street
1st AvenueMain Avenue
171
8PLAN ELEMENTS
DESIGN CONCEPT AREA: MIXED USE
PROTOTYPE (6TH & MEDARY/11TH)
With the amount of discussion related to the importance of the
real and perceived scale of redevelopment along the corridor,
there is value into showing options for how to accomodate
density without overwhelming the street with a towering
monolith.
The area on 6th Street between Medary and 11th Avenues were
selected to illustrate a prototype of appropriate development
scale because these areas are likely to redevelop in the near
future.
Based on an analysis of the 6th Street Corridor, the scale of a
project from the street and sidewalk is important, often more
important than the height of the buildings.
The Concept
·To soften the scale, the concept illustrates a four-story
building (the maximum recommended height) with a single
story commercial frontage that could host a rooftop patio.
·In this concept, parking can be accomodated beneath the
building with access from 6th Street while providing ground
floor commercial activity.
HDR/MU
HDR(MU)HDR(MU)Medary Avenue6th Street
11th AvenueEXAMPLE: RENDERING OF INFILL DEVELOPMENT IN
WAUWATOSA, WI
172
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
DESIGN CONCEPT AREA: VILLAGE SQUARE
ENHANCEMENT
The Village Square shopping center hosts a strong collection
of destination businesses frequented by permanent residents
and students alike. The configuration of the center shows an
emerging internal circulation system but it fails to emerge fully.
The enhancement completes the circulation plan through limited
site improvements.
Village Square
Village SquareApartments
6th Street
8th Street
The Concept
·The concept completes several internal and external
circulation patterns to better delineate how customers should
access and interact with the public environment. It completes
the following circulation paths:
›an east-west connection from Faculty Drive to 20th
Avenue,
›a north-south bicycle and pedestrian connection to SDSU,
›and improved internal pedestrian pathways to make it
more comfortable for patrons to visit multiple businesses
without re-entering their vehicle or crossing a vast and
uncontrolled parking lot.
·By improving the form and function of this shopping center,
the Village Square development can function as an additional
node which contributes to the quality and appeal of the 6th
Street corridor.
173
8PLAN ELEMENTS
PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE OF
AGING MOBILE HOME PARKS
Brookings has a number of aging mobile home communities
ranging in condition from fair to poor. When mobile homes are
maintained in a state of good repair, they can function as an
affordable housing option.
The future of these mobile home parks likely depends on their
current condition, whether the property owner is willing to
make improvements, and the level of occupancy; while parks
containing modern or otherwise well-maintained units will
likely remain for years to come. However, if the units are in poor
condition and the park in disrepair it may be appropriate to begin
transitioning the park toward another future.
Throughout the planning process, stakeholders expressed
interest in alternative housing products that can provide
affordable and efficient housing including yurts and tiny houses.
While both products serve an admittedly niche market of
residents willing to downsize into a 250-500 square foot unit,
it may be worth considering as a way to adapt a low occupancy
mobile home park.
Tiny homes present several opportunities and challenges.
·As an opportunity, these units are often an affordable option
for residents and fill a limited niche within the housing market,
and have the potential to provide safe and sanitary dwellings
to low-to-moderate income singles and small families who
may be under housed today. There is both an opportunity to
absorb a share of the housing demand in existing residential
neighborhoods by using tiny homes as Accessory Dwelling
Units or, at a larger scale by designing tiny home parks or by
retrofitting existing mobile home parks.
·As a challenge, many jurisdictions continue to struggle with
how to ensure quality conditions in tiny house neighborhoods.
Additional challenges include: how to supply water and sewer
infrastructure, how to collect an appropriate level of taxes and
fees to cover infrastructure service, and how to regulate safe
and sanitary conditions?
While several challenges and questions still need to be answered,
there is an opportunity for tiny-homes to play a niche role in the
supply of affordable housing. When considering how to regulate
and service tiny-house neighborhoods, there is promise in using
tiny homes to modernize existing mobile home parks. These
parks:
·provide individual connections to water and sewer
infrastructure
·are often arranged to provide renter and ownership options
including the lease of individual lots
·many existing mobile home units are facing the end of their
useful life which could make way for additional units in
existing parks
·these parks can provide the benefits of a planned residential
district including a walkable environment, parks, and trail
connections to nearby amenities
The Concept
By planning for the future of existing mobile homes parks in
Brookings, it is possible to adapt these areas to create a new
affordable housing opportunity. This discussion addressed small
affordable housing options because these types of units could
be phased-in slowly to gradually transition a mobile home park
but this is not the only option. It is also possible to do a gradual
buy-out of older mobile homes (see Faribault Case Study) or to
complete a larger redevelopment project. Regardless of the form,
it is important that Brookings provide affordable housing and not
displace low income residents; any of the options proposed here
would be a good opportunity to re-house residents.
174
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
BRIDGING THE INTERSTATE DIVIDE
Brookings has experienced strong residental, commercial, and
employment growth. The interstate corridor fragmented the
community by separating many of its jobs from its commercial
enterprises and residential dwellings. This pattern has been
problematic because it:
·reinforces a reliance on automobile travel
·funnels a relatively large volume of traffic to several crossing
or interchanges (increased congestion without redundancy)
·limits the viability of bicycle or pedestrian transportation by
offering only routes with high vehicle traffic
·fragments the community between east and west
THE CONCEPT
The interstate is a barrier (and opportunity) that will forever
serve as both a physical and psychological separation between
east and west. Concepts arose from the August Workshop which
focused on strengthening the role of 6th Street in Brookings. The
concept proposes several projects to lessen the ability of the
interstate to divide the community.
Trail Crossing of Interstate 29
First proposed in the Bicycle Master Plan, a trail bridge over
Interstate 29 would provide a strategic connection between the
SDSU campus, the Innovation Campus, the existing employment
centers, and the development opportunities discussed in this
section of the chapter.
While the reconstruction of 6th Street improved the pedestrian
and bicycle crossing over Interstate 29, this crossing would
require a person to navigate a mixed traffic environment and a
detour that likely deter a pedestrian from making the walk.
Due to the fact that a trail crossing will be very expensive,
the design and the orientation of surrounding land uses must
reinforce the importance of the crossing to ensure that the trail
is well-used and supportive of nearby development. Several
considerations should be integrated to encourage use and high-
quality design:
·Require nearby developments to integrate trail access
·Install wayfinding to raise the awareness of the trail crossing
and to help employees and students understand how to
access the trail and what lies on the other side
·Integrate the trail crossing as part of a broader community
loop to expand the number of potential users
·Encourage adjacent developments to orient their communal
spaces to the trail
·Integrate artistic and landscape elements throughout the trail
to soften the expanse of trail crossing the interstate and to
help unify the community.
175
8PLAN ELEMENTS
34th AvenueTrail Corridor / University Boulevard Extension
Multi-Family
MDR
MDR
MDR
MDR
LDR
Community
Greenway
Preserve
Planned
Development Highw
a
y
14
B
yp
a
s
s34th Avenue ·A neighborhood oriented around a parkway, trail corridor, and
communal orchards
·A mix of residential housing types (small lot residential,
townhomes/brownstones), public communal space, a limited
amout of commercial, and multi-family/mixed use space.
·A strong connection to the community through multi-use
trails, sidewalks, and good street connectivity.
·Treatments to promote compatibility with surrounding land
uses. The future land use plan proposes additional business
park/light industrial to the west and the northwest, additional
urban-medium intensity to the south, and the property is
hemmed by floodplain to the south and east. Treatments may
include:
›using landscaping and fencing to screen the neighborhood
from noise and light pollution; offsetting commercial and
industrial driveways to reduce negative impacts such as
headlights; and guiding any new industrial development to
a downwind location.
Create Mixed Use Neighborhoods
One of the greatest challenges facing Brookings and the eastern
employment centers is the availability of quality and affordable
housing. Many employees are young professionals seeking
housing options with limited maintenance requirements in close
proximity to their most common destinations - including work,
service, and play.
A well-designed mixed use neighborhood east of the interstate
would benefit businesses and would help unite the community by
making east Brookings more of a neighborhood.
To display this type of opportunity, a concept was laid out for the
former SDSU orchard located east of 34th Avenue and southwest
of the Highway 14 bypass. While this site is still owned by SDSU, it is
an unused area that helps to illustrate the concepts discussed here:
176
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
Town Center Development at 6th and Interstate
29
Unlike many of the cities in the midwest, Brookings has been
unable to develop the northeast quadrant of its interchange
with commercial until the land recently became available. This is
now a significant opportunity for the city to craft a project that
will represent the quality and character of Brookings, while also
creating a district that benefits the city as a whole. For these
reasons, the northeast quadrant of the 6th Street interchange is a
strategic development opportunity.
The fundamentals of a town center development at this location
should incorporate:
·strong internal circulation patterns for vehicle traffic,
pedestrians, and bicyclists
·attractive district signage that is visible from the interstate
which emphasizes the center rather than the individual
businesses
·a strong public feature that allows residents and patrons to
gather for events such as concerts, sidewalk sales, and events
sponsored by commercial tenants
·a focus on orienting buildings toward public spaces including
primary accesses, patios, and views to maximize how the
businesses and tenants interact with one another for the
greatest mutual benefit
6th Street
Capitol Street
177
8PLAN ELEMENTS
DOWNTOWN BROOKINGS
Downtown is a thriving center of government, commerce, and
entertainment that should be strengthened as a center of the
community and positioned to adapt to an ever-changing world.
Throughout the public involvement process, stakeholders mused
about the future of commerce and downtown districts in the
next 10, 20, and 50 years. Without the advantage of a proverbial
crystal ball, several approaches can still be implemented to
position downtown for continued success.
CONTINUALLY EVALUATE THE PATRON
EXPERIENCE
Through an annual walking tour, create an annual strategic action
plan to identify the elements that enhance or detract from the
user experience. The walking tour should examine the following
elements:
·access (driving, walking, or riding a bicycle to downtown)
·navigation (wayfinding, business signage, and barriers)
·destinations (the concentration of places to visit)
·life and vitality (is the district visibly alive and welcoming)
By viewing the district through a different perspective (a visitor,
casual shopper, or someone with a mobility limitation), the
tour will highlight positive and negative issues in the public and
private environments that should be addressed or replicated. The
strategic plan should function as an annual operating strategy to
continually improve the quality and image of downtown.
BUILD A DESTINATION THROUGH
COMPLEMENTARY VENTURES
Increasingly commerce is shifting toward districts and shopping
centers that offer an experience. These districts offer amenities,
art, and entertainment that make the visit more of an experience
than simply a consumer trip.
Develop strategic plan for downtown Brookings. A district wide
plan would explore issues and opportunities including tactical
strategies to make the downtown perform even better. The plan
would also identify business sectors that will complement and
expand the function of the district and physical development
opportunities to strengthen the district.
ENCOURAGE CO-LOCATION
Increasingly businesses are co-locating or offering multiple
businesses under a single roof such as bike/coffee shops, book
stores/art galleries, and kitchen stores/culinary education
venues. This approach maximizes the number of destinations in
the downtown, diversifies the revenue stream to reflect multiple
products or services, and often increases the likelihood that
visitors will return to the business and the district.
Explore policies that may deter co-location. Municipal and
lending policies sometimes deter shared space ventures whether
intentional or unintentional.
Craft a model rental agreement to help small businesses share
space. It is more complicated to set up a lease agreement with
multiple tenants and this may deter co-located ventutres.
INTEGRATE HOUSING
A vibrant downtown district integrates housing above its
storefronts and radiating from its edges. This embeds a customer
base, positions downtown as a neighborhood with 'eyes on the
street', and keeps the district alive throughout the day.
Explore incentive options to encourage new housing in and
around the downtown. While development should be especially
sensitive near the historic business district, appropriate
development should be encouraged and incentivized because
the addition of housing in the downtown creates a more stable
consumer base.
BUILD CONNECTIONS (REINFORCE AS THE
CENTER OF THE COMMUNITY)
Downtown should function as the center of the community and
be accessible to all of its neighborhoods for drivers, pedestrians,
and bicycists. The transportation system, including trails, should
provide a mainline connection to the downtown.
Create strong pedestrian and bicycle connections to the
downtown. These connections include physical infrastrcuture
connections, wayfinding to drive people to the downtown, and
gateways to welcome visitors to the district.
GROW STAKEHOLDERS
All residents of Brookings should consider themselves downtown
stakeholders. Efforts should be made to engage and build
grassroots coalitions to support downtown improvement
projects.
Engage the public in the revitalization process. By incrementally
growing the number of stakeholders engaged in the future of the
district, the Main Street Organization will have greater capacity to
implement projects.
PRESERVE THE HISTORIC ASSETS OF
DOWNTOWN
A portion of downtown is designated as a historic district
containing numerous architecturally significant structures
that can be leveraged as a tool for economic development.
Such historic structures should add to the downtown cultural
experience when combined with walkability, attractive
landscaping, and diverse social opportunities.
178
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
SOUTH MAIN AREA
Incorporate multi-use trails and sidewalks along the right of way
to provide a north-south connection for bicyclists and pedestrians.
Explore funding mechanisms that could potentially include public-
private partnerships
Action Medium City Staff City Council, Advisory Committee,
Developers
Promote landscaping and tree plantings along the corridor Policy Short City Staff Planning Commission
Evaluate adopting or updating landscape requirements to require
landscaping for site development projects Policy Medium Planning
Commission City Staff, City Council
Reduce the number of new accesses allowed onto Main Avenue
South to alleviate potential traffic conflicts Policy Medium Planning
Commission City Staff
6TH STREET AREA
Create an attractive and welcoming pedestrian environment along
the length of the corridor related to the scale and configuration of
development
Action Ongoing City Council City Staff, Developers,
Philanthropists
Integrate safe and comfortable bicycle and pedestrian crossings at
major nodes along 6th Street Action Short City Council City Staff, Developers,
Philanthropists
Continue to integrate landscaping and thematic elements into the
streetscape Action Ongoing City Staff City Council, Developers,
Philanthropists
Promote high quality development and a mix of complementary
uses that allow the corridor to function as a cohesive business
district
Action Ongoing Planning
Commission City Staff, Developers, City Council
Mitigate impacts to the adjacent historic districts by encouraging a
graceful transition between those properties with frontage on 6th
Street to those with frontage on 7th and 5th Streets respectively
Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission City Staff, Advisory Committees
Consider the general recommendations in this section when
evaluating redevelopment proposals in terms of scale (real and
perceived), location and screening of parking; and mitigation of
off-site impacts.
Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission
City Staff, Advisory Committees,
Developers
Implement the recommendations of the Policy Map and use the
site specific development concepts as a guide for redevelopment
and tactical site interventions
Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission City Staff, Developers
Implement the "form and scale" guidance and the "transitions and
compatibility" recommendation for each policy area identified on
the Policy Map
Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission City Staff, Developers
Implement the recommendations of the 6th Street Policy Map in
terms of attention node enhancement Action Ongoing Planning
Commission City Staff, City Council, Developers
179
8PLAN ELEMENTS
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
MANUFACTURED HOME PARKS
Explore opportunities to improve and retrofit aging manufactured
home parks Action Short City Staff Developers, Planning Commission,
Philanthropists
BRIDGING THE INTERSTATE
Explore the creation of a trail crossing of Interstate 29 between
SDSU, the trail system, and the eastern employment centers and
emerging development areas
Action Medium City Staff Advisory Committees, City Council,
Consultant
To coincide with the construction of a trail bridge over the
interstate, institute policies supporting trail use including: required
trail access; wayfinding, communal spaces oriented to the trail;
and integrating artistic and landscape elements into the trail
corridor.
Policy Medium City Staff Planning Commission, Advisory
Committees; Developers
Facilitate the development of a mixed-use, conservation
neighborhood on the site of the former SDSU tree farm if the site
becomes available.
Action Medium City Staff Planning Commission, SDSU;
Developers
Facilitate the development of a town center development at the
northeast quadrant of 6th Street and Interstate 29 Action Medium City Staff City Council
DOWNTOWN ACTIONS
Continue to strengthen the central business district, its historic
character, its destination quality, and institute policies to promote
long term vitality and relevance.
Action Ongoing Main Street
Organization City Staff
Develop a downtown master plan Action Short Main Street
Organization City Staff, Consultant
TITLE HERE
9
Implementation
Any plan is only as good as the follow-through and implementation of its
policies and initiatives. This chapter reviews the recommendations outlined
in the preceding chapters with additional information about making these
visions a reality.
182
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
INTRODUCTION
The Brookings Plan articulated many recommendations – policies,
initiatives, and investments – that will help the community achieve
the vision expressed by residents throughout the engagement
process. Components of this chapter include the following:
Regulatory Mechanisms & Annexation Policies. Annexation
is one tool for accommodating growth over time. This section
outlines policies for evaluating areas for annexation.
Plan Maintenance and Changes. A comprehensive plan is a living
document that must be maintained, updated, and revisited to
ensure it remains a helpful and relevant guide for the community.
This section outlines the process for maintaining the plan and
evaluating progress toward the plan goals.
Roles and Responsibilities. The implementation of this plan
must be a partnership of many stakeholders throughout the
community. This section outlines the key plays and their potential
roles in achieving the goals of this plan.
Implementation Table. This section summarizes the many
recommendations of the plan and presents a projected time
frame, responsible parties, and potential funding mechanisms.
REGULATORY MECHANISMS & ANNEXATION
POLICIES
The regulatory tools of the city, including zoning and subdivision
regulations, are essential to implementation of the plan.
Joint Jurisdiction Area
Brookings City and County have cooperatively exercised joint
zoning authority since 1980. The joint jurisdiction area is the rural
area adjacent to the City where urban development is expected
to occur. As such, it is imperative the City and County continue to
evaluate land use proposals for compatibility with future urban
development. Planning for appropriate land uses minimizes
future conflicts and efficiently utilizes infrastructure investments
when land is annexed. The boundaries of the Joint Jurisdiction
Area will change over time and the land use policies affecting
these areas should be reviewed and updated cooperatively
between the City and County to ensure consistency with the
vision of the community.
Annexation Policies
One of the important regulatory tools that the city can use when
addressing growth and development is annexation. South Dakota
Codified Law prescribes the process by which communities
can annex land. This section provides the legal framework for
annexation but each community should also establish a policy
framework for implementation of annexation codes. These
policies should take into consideration the following:
·Areas with Significant pre-existing development. Areas
outside the city with substantial commercial, office, or
industrial development are logical candidates for annexation.
In addition, existing residential areas developed to urban
densities (generally higher than 2 units per acre) should be
considered for potential annexation. However, these areas
should be closely considered under a cost benefit analysis.
·Protection of Future Growth Areas. In order to allow the
city to guide its growth and development more effectively,
future growth areas will need to be managed through
annexation. Annexation will allow the city to extend its zoning
and subdivision jurisdiction, thus guiding development in a
direction that will provide safe and healthy environments.
·Public Services. Public service issues can provide compelling
reasons for annexation. Areas for consideration should include:
›Parcels that are surrounded by the city but remain outside
of its corporate limits. In these situations, city services may
provide enhanced public safety with improved emergency
response times. These situations should be resolved and
avoided in the future.
›Areas that are served by municipal infrastructure.
Brookings’ sewer and water system should not be
extended without an annexation agreement.
·A Positive Cost Benefit Analysis. The economic benefits
of annexation, including projected tax revenues, should
compensate for the additional cost of extending services to
newly annexed areas. The review policy for annexation should
include the following:
›Estimated cost impact and timetable for providing
municipal services.
›The method by which the city plans to finance the
extension and maintenance of municipal services.
›Identification of tax revenues from existing and probable
future development in areas considered for annexation.
›Calculation of the added annual operating costs for urban
services, including public safety, recreation, and utility
services, offered within newly annexed areas.
Annexation Priority Map
Brookings should implement an annexation policy that
incorporates future development areas and meets state statutory
requirements. The city should work with the county to establish
annexation agreements and ensure desirable land development.
The development concept is predicated on community growth being
attractive as a living environment. The projected land demands
exceed the amount of available, undeveloped land within existing
city limits. Sound community growth will require annexations to
accommodate land needs during the planning period.
183
9iMPLEMENTING THE PLAN
FIGURE 9.1: Annexation Priority Map
184
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
Voluntary annexation of developments should occur before
extension of city services. Brookings should also adopt
an annexation policy that establishes objective criteria for
annexation and identifies candidate areas for incorporation into
the city. Areas considered for annexation should meet at least
one of the criteria previously discussed.
The Annexation Plan illustrates those areas around Brookings
that should be considered for annexation. The areas are
categorized into three phases based on the estimated likeliness
for incorporation into the city. Within each phase, sections are
delineated by their relevance regarding the need for annexation
and the services the city will need to provide. The need for
annexation should be determined by each area’s unique situation.
·Phase One – Short Term. Location and associated issues will
likely warrant consideration for annexation in the next ten
years. These areas are adjacent to city limits and may already
have access to city services
·Phase Two – Medium Term. Conditions exist that may bring
about the need for annexation of these sections. Annexation
will not be likely during the early stages of the plan.
·Phase Three - Long Term. The Development Concept does not
identify future uses within this area beyond agriculture. In the
event of development pressure emerging in these areas, the
plan recommends discouraging large-lot development that
could possibly hem the city from expanding services beyond
those areas.
CHANGES TO THE PLAN
This Plan should be viewed as a dynamic document. It is not
meant to be rigid or static, but should adapt in response to
changing conditions, resources, and opportunities. As explained
earlier in the plan, land use maps and other maps are meant to
be general guides of policy, rather than carrying the specificity
and rigidity of a map such as a zoning map. As such, the Planning
Commission, City Staff, and the City Council, can exercise some
discretion as to whether a proposal matches the intentions of
the plan. This plan was created through a public process, and
therefore, any official changes to the plan should be made
through a public process.
PLAN MAINTENANCE
The initiatives and action items of the Brookings Comprehensive
Plan are ambitious and long-range, and its recommendations will
require funding and other continuous support. The city should
implement an ongoing process that uses the plan to develop
annual improvement programs, as outlined below.
Annual Action and Capital Improvement
Program
The Planning Commission and City Council should define an
annual action and capital improvement program that implements
the recommendations in this plan. This program should be
coordinated with Brookings’ existing capital improvement
planning and budgeting process, even though many of the plan’s
recommendations are not capital items. This annual process
should be completed before the beginning of each budget year
and should include:
·A work program for the upcoming year that is specific and
related to the city’s financial resources. The work program
will establish which plan recommendations the city will
accomplish during that year.
·A three-year strategic program. This component provides for
a multi-year perspective, aiding the preparation of the annual
work program. It provides a middle-term implementation plan
for the city.
·A six-year capital improvement program. This is merged into
Brookings’ current capital improvement program.
Annual Evaluation
The Planning Commisson should conduct an annual evaluation
of the comprehensive plan at the end of each fiscal year. This
evaluation should include a written report that:
·Summarizes key land use developments and decisions during
the past year and relates them to the comprehensive plan
·Reviews actions taken by the city during the past year to
implement plan recommendations
·Defines any changes that should be made in the
comprehensive plan
The plan should be viewed as a dynamic changing document
that is actively used by the city as a source of information and
guidance on policy and public investment.
ROLES
The public, decision-makers, and staff must be concerned with
the short and long-range consequences of present actions. Each
of these groups play a role in ensuring that decisions are made in
the interest of good quality design and protecting the integrity of
what makes Brookings an exceptional community.
Responsibilities: Elected/Appointed Officials
Decision-makers, along with staff, must be conscious of the rights
of others. Decisions should expand choices and opportunities for
all persons, including the disadvantaged, and promote economic
integration. Officials include the City Council and City Boards and
Commissions.
185
9iMPLEMENTING THE PLAN
Responsibilities: City Staff
City staff should continue to seek meaningful input from the
public on the development of plans and programs. The Brookings
Comprehensive Plan is rooted in a public engagement process,
and thereby the goals and initiatives represent the aspirations of
the community. Recommendations from staff to decision-makers
should provide accurate information on planning issues to all
affected persons and to governmental decision makers.
IMPLEMENTATION TABLE
The tables at the end of this chapter present a summary of
the recommendations of the Brookings Comprehensive Plan.
Recommendations are listed in order of their place in the plan.
Each recommendation is characterized according to several
categories:
Type
·Goal. A general guiding principle of the plan to be
incorporated and evaluated at a philsophical level to all
decisions.
·Policy. Continuing efforts over a long time period. In some
cases, policies include specific regulatory or administrative
actions.
·Action (Capital). Specific efforts or accomplishments by the
city or community including public capital projects that will
implement features of the plan.
Timing
The implementation of a comprehensive plan must be flexible,
multi-faceted, and also respect the finite resources of all
stakeholder organization. The timing of the implementation
table was explored by the city and the Steering Committee who
assigned each action into a time frame.
·On-going. Most of the recommendations fit into this category.
These are matters related to general policy and operations,
and have no completion date.
·Short Term. Implementation within 5 years.
·Medium Term. Implementation in 5-10 years.
·Long term. Implementation in 10-20 years.
Although the implementation timing can help with the
question of “where to start,” it should not dictate the order of
implementation. The city should be open to implementing any
of these recommendations if/when the opportunity arises or the
conditions are right.
Responsibility & Leadership
The primary audience of this plan is the City Council, City Staff,
and the Planning Commission. However, it is important for
the City to partner with other entities who have an interest in
implementing the recommendations of the plan. Columns in
Figure 9.2 recommend which group should take the lead in
carrying out the recommendation and who the potential partners
are.
This designation of “leadership’ is not meant to be exhaustive,
or to exclude any group that would like to take the lead on a
project or policy. Any group or resident is invited to work with
the city to support the implementation of this plan. However, this
list can serve as a starting point and provide guidance on the
expectations of the groups listed here.
The entities named in the table are listed below, followed by the
abbreviated name used in the table.
·City Council (Council)
·Planning Commission (PC)
·Park and Recreation Board (Park Board)
·City Staff
·Historic Preservation Commission (HPC)
·Chamber of Commerce (Chamber)
·Residents or Resident Groups (Residents)
·Private Land Developers (Developers)
·Private Property Owners (Owners)
·Brookings Municipal Utilities (BMU)
While few of the volunteer advisory boards are identified by
name as the responsible party, they are empowered to take
a leadership role in advancing any of the recommendations
contained on the implementation schedule. These groups
represent a tremendous asset of energy, commitment, and vision
toward the future of Brookings:
·Affordable Housing Task Force
·Bicycle Advisory Committee
·Board of Health
·Brookings Arts Task Force
·Sustainability Council
·Joint Jurisdiction Committee
·Public Arts Commission
186
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
DEVELOPMENT POLICIES
Promote contiguous and compact development Goal Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City Staff,
Developers
Promote the creation of diverse housing options Goal Ongoing Planning
Commission
Planning Commission, Advisory
Committees; Developers
Promote infill development Goal Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City Staff,
Developers
Address stormwater management at both a local and regional
level Goal Ongoing City Staff City Council, Planning Commission,
Developers
Coordinate/plan for community amenities such as parks and
schools Goal Ongoing City Council City Staff; Developers; School
District
Provide a multimodal and connected transportation network Goal Ongoing City Council City Staff; SD DOT; Planning
Commission
Enhance public safety and minimize hazards Goal Ongoing City Council Planning Commission; City Staff;
Advisory Committees
Encourage balanced and connected neighborhoods Goal Ongoing Planning
Commission
City Council; City Staff; Advisory
Committees
Use public investment to promote private development Goal Ongoing City Council City Staff
Make decisions in a transparent and collaborative manner Goal Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City Staff,
Advisory Committees
Delineate floodways for the core development areas Action Medium City Council City Staff; FEMA; Planning
Commission
Evaluate adopting a policy for geotechnical reports to be
submitted with any preliminary plat for properties located within
the environmentally constrained areas
Policy Short City Council Planning Commission; City Staff
Require a reuse plan that is compliant with the comprehensive
plan for resource extraction areas Policy Short City Council Planning Commission; City Staff
Consider the environmental constraints when reviewing
development proposals Policy Ongoing City Staff City Council, Planning Commission,
Developers
INTEGRATED LAND USE VISION
STEPS TOWARD IMPLEMENTATION
187
9iMPLEMENTING THE PLAN
CENTRAL DEVELOPMENT AREA
Maintain and improve public facilities and infrastructure to support
infill development and reinvestment in existing neighborhoods Policy Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City Staff,
Developers
Enable increased densities when impacts such as parking and
access are addressed Policy Short Planning
Commission City Council; City Staff; Developers
Direct medium and higher density residential uses to areas
adjacent to higher intensity assets or along major streets including
the undeveloped land along 20th Street 22nd Avenue, and Main
Avenue South
Policy Medium Planning
Commission City Council; City Staff; Developers
Extend and connect the existing arterial and collector street
system Policy Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City Staff,
Developers
Encourage mixed use developments with similar land use
intensities along arterial corridors Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission City Council; City Staff; Developers
Direct higher intensity commercial uses to the I-29 interchanges Policy Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City Staff,
Developers
Direct neighborhood-oriented or lower intensity commercial uses
to mixed use areas along arterial streets like 20th Street South.Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff, Developers
Protect existing drainage areas and wetlands and provide trail
corridors that connect to the city north-south Policy Medium City Council Planning Commission, City Staff,
Developers
Enforce property maintenance standards on both private and
public property Policy Short City Council Planning Commission, City
Staff
Evaluate signage and landscaping requirements along the areas
high-volume corridors Policy Short Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff
Follow the specific policies outlined in this plan for the 6th Street
corridor Policy Short Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Developers
EAST DEVELOPMENT AREA
Provide adequate separation and buffering between higher and
lower intensity uses Policy Short Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Developers
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
INTEGRATED LAND USE VISION (CONTINUED)
STEPS TOWARD IMPLEMENTATION
188
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
Require adequate screening of outdoor storage areas, preferably
requiring that they are not visible from the I-29 corridor Policy Short Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff
Ensure proper circulation within and between developments Policy Short Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff
Provide proper wayfinding and gateway features at the major
interchanges.Action Medium City Council Planning Commission, City
Staff
Encourage more mixed use development, including residential
uses, that provide housing close to jobs Policy Short Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff
Commercial uses should avoid large expanses of concrete that
are visible from the interstate and do not integrate stormwater
management best practices
Policy Short Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff
New developments along arterial streets should use shared
entrances and avoid multiple access points Policy Short Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff
Evaluate adopting a policy for geotechnical reports to be
submitted with any preliminary plat for properties located within
the environmentally constrained areas
Policy Short Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Developers
SOUTH DEVELOPMENT AREAS
Developments in areas where water and sewer service can be
extended efficiently should focus on higher density uses and
mixed uses that uses both the services and land in the most
efficient ways possible
Policy Short Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Developers
Land use regulations in developing areas should focus on the
intensity of the use rather than just the type, allowing for more
mixing of compatible uses. The City and County should work
together to create shared ordinances for the joint jurisdiction.
Policy Medium Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Developers County
Wetlands and natural drainage ways should be interconnected
and create neighborhood and regional amenities.Policy Short Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Developers
Transportation connectivity should be a priority and should avoid
overloading Main Avenue and Medary Avenue.Policy Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City
Staff, Developers
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
INTEGRATED LAND USE VISION (CONTINUED)
STEPS TOWARD IMPLEMENTATION
189
9iMPLEMENTING THE PLAN
Improved streets and any new streets should be designed as
complete streets, incorporating access for both motorists and
non-motorists
Policy Short Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Developers
Evaluate adopting a policy for geotechnical reports to be
submitted with any preliminary plat for properties located within
the environmentally constrained areas
Policy Short Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Developers
A limited amount of larger lot or acreage development may occur
in areas where the water table is high. However, municipal sewer
may be required to ensure groundwater quality
Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Developers
Review the Joint Jurisdiction Boundary based on development
trends and adjust the boundary accordingly Policy Short Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Brookings County
Adopt a landscape ordinance for the Joint Jurisdiction area to
support attractive site design and a smooth transition from city to
county jurisdiction
Policy Short Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Brookings County
Open spaces in this area should be designed as a community asset
to service residents of this and other parts of the city Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Developers
NORTH DEVELOPMENT AREAS
Significant infrastructure extensions into this area should only
occur after more cost effective extensions have been fully
developed
Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff
Require a detailed flood elevation must be completed for any
development proposed in the floodplain before a plat is submitted Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff
Evaluate adopting a policy for geotechnical reports to be
submitted with any preliminary plat for properties located within
the environmentally constrained areas
Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff
Some larger lot development may occur to the east of Medary
Avenue, adjacent to existing development. This development
must connect to city services, in order to avoid limiting future
extensions
Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Brookings Municipal Utilities
Large lot development shall be discouraged south of 207th Street
unless it is done as a build through acreage. For the purpose of
this plan, large lot should be considered residential development
designed to R-1 or R-1A zoning standards
Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff;
Brookings County
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
INTEGRATED LAND USE VISION (CONTINUED)
STEPS TOWARD IMPLEMENTATION
190
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
LAND USE POLICIES
Implement an intensity based approach to land use and
development in accordance with the future land use map and land
use categories
Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff
Encourage responsible horizontal integration (mixed use
development) at appropriate locations Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff;
Developers
Encourage responsible vertical integration (mixed use
development) at appropriate locations Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff;
Developers
Use the future land use map as a basis for decisions by the
Planning Commission, the City Council, and private developers Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff;
Developers
Implement site design standards in accordance with the
recommendations of each land use category Policy Short Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff;
Developers
INTEGRATED LAND USE VISION (CONTINUED)
STEPS TOWARD IMPLEMENTATION
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
191
9iMPLEMENTING THE PLAN
192
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
Create healthy neighborhoods that offer a range of housing types
to accommodate workers and residents at all stages of life.Goal Ongoing Developers Planning Commission, City
Council, City Staff
Connect neighborhoods to community destinations including jobs,
commerce, and recreation.Action Short Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff;
Developers
Create neighborhoods that build on the character and quality of
existing neighborhoods.Goal Ongoing Developers Planning Commission, City
Council, City Staff
Utilize the relevant recommendations from the Brookings
Affordable Housing Task Force final report Action Short City Council City Staff; Developers;
Advisory Committees
Expand Housing Diversity by Type and Cost Goal Ongoing Developers Planning Commission, City
Council, City Staff
Implement the intensity based land use philosophy outlined in
Chapter 3 Policy Medium Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Developers
Review codes to ensure that adequate flexibility exists for new
types of housing Action Short City Staff City Council, Advisory
Committee, Developers
Establish a not-for-profit housing development corporation Action Medium City Staff City Council, Community
Stakeholders
Give higher priority for city assistance to projects that offer mixed-
income housing Policy Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City
Staff, Developers
Require large scale projects to incorporate universal design
standards into at least a portion of all units Policy Medium Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Developers
Revitalize and stabilize older neighborhoods Goal Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City
Staff, Developers
Establish or continue to fund rehabilitation programs Action Short City Council Planning Commission, City
Staff
FIGURE 4.1: Implementation Table
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
HOUSING AND NEIGHBORHOODS
STEPS TOWARD IMPLEMENTATION
193
9iMPLEMENTING THE PLAN
Expand demolition program Action Short City Council Planning Commission, City
Staff
Encourage infill development Goal Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City
Staff, Community Stakeholders
Establish incentives for vacant lot development Action Short City Council Planning Commission, City
Staff
Actively assist infill and redevelopment programs Action Short City Council Planning Commission, City
Staff, Developers
Require infill development receiving incentives or along key
corridors to complement the character of the surrounding
neighborhood and expand housing options
Policy Medium Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Developers
Integrate amenities into neighborhoods - new and old Goal Medium City Council Planning Commission, City
Staff
Expand the park system with growth Action Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City
Staff, Park & Rec Board
Expand the trail system with growth Action Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City
Staff, Park & Rec Board
Identify potential gathering spaces in new developments Action Ongoing Developers Planning Commission, City
Staff
Establish minimum connectivity standards Policy Short City Staff Planning Commission, City
Council, City Staff
Establish minimum pedestrian connectivity standards Policy Short City Staff Planning Commission, City
Council, City Staff
Encourage downtown's evolution as a neighborhood with housing Goal Ongoing City Council
City Staff, Main Street
Organization, Community
Stakeholders
Guide city incentives for the development of housing adjacent to
jobs and activities Policy Medium City Council City Staff, Developers
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
HOUSING AND NEIGHBORHOODS (CONTINUED)
STEPS TOWARD IMPLEMENTATION
194
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
TRANSPORTATION AND MOBILITY
STEPS TOWARD IMPLEMENTATION
Create a transportation network that provides a safe and efficient
means for all users including pedestrians, bicyclists, and drivers Goal Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City
Staff
Establish a transportation system that will support desirable
patterns of community, neighborhood, and economic
development
Goal Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City
Staff
Coordinate the transportation and land use plans Policy Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City
Staff
Implement the Major Streets Plan Action Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City
Staff
Extend and connect the existing arterial and collector street
system Action Medium City Council Planning Commission, City
Staff
Evaluate implementing a traffic impact analysis requirement for
large-scale projects Policy Medium City Staff City Council, Planning
Commission, Developers
Apply "Context Sensitive Design" to street design Policy Short City Staff Planning Commission, City
Council
Establish standards for pedestrian and bicycle friendly
development Policy Short City Staff Planning Commission, City
Council
Require pedestrian pathways in all new development Policy Short City Staff Planning Commission, City
Council
Require pedestrian routes between parking and entrances Policy Short City Staff Planning Commission, City
Council
Provide safe local routes to main trails and bike routes Action Short City Council Planning Commission, City
Staff
Implement the recommendations of the Bicycle Master Plan Action Varies City Council Planning Commission, City
Staff
Add or expand sidewalks and sidepaths when streets are due for
reconstruction or major treatments Action Ongoing City Staff City Council
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
195
9iMPLEMENTING THE PLAN
TRANSPORTATION AND MOBILITY (CONTINUED)
STEPS TOWARD IMPLEMENTATION
Evaluate the potential for bicycle facilities when streets are due for
reconstruction or major treatments.Action Ongoing City Staff City Council
Identify high priority sidewalk or pedestrian ways to plan for safe
routes to school Action Ongoing City Staff City Council
Establish dedicated funding sources to address gaps and
maintenance for pedestrian ways and multi-use trails Action Ongoing City Staff City Council
Create multi-modal standards Policy Ongoing City Staff Planning Commission, City
Council
Develop and adopt a Complete Streets policy Action Ongoing Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff
Require all new collector streets to be designed to Complete
Streets standards Policy Short City Staff Planning Commission, City
Council
Develop new design criteria for arterial streets to include options
for medians and improved pedestrian environments Policy Short City Staff Planning Commission, City
Council
Explore ways to retrofit existing development for transit and
identify potential future routes Action Ongoing BATA City Staff
Encourage large new developments to identify a plan for future
transit service Action Ongoing Developers City Staff, BATA
Maintain existing streets, sidewalks, and trails in a state of good
repair Action Ongoing City Staff City Council
Establish a dedicated funding source for maintenance Action Ongoing City Staff City Council
Create a funding strategy for new and existing streets Action Ongoing City Council City Staff
Develop, routinely evaluate, and update an arterial capital
improvement plan Policy Ongoing City Council City Staff
Provide dedicated funding source for arterial and collector
development Policy Ongoing City Council City Staff
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
196
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
MUNICIPAL SERVICES
STEPS TOWARD IMPLEMENTATION
Ensure land use, infrastructure, and transportation patterns
support the efficient and cost-effective delivery of emergency
services.
Goal Ongoing City Council Planning Commission, City
Staff
Guide the extension of infrastructure in a way that supports
efficient patterns of community and economic development.Goal Ongoing City Council BMU, City Staff
Strengthen existing public facilities and infrastructure strategically
to encourage private sector investment and reinvestment, job
creation, and to improve quality of life in Brookings.
Goal Ongoing City Council City Staff
Establish a regional stormwater management strategy and apply
to all aspects of development Policy Medium City Staff Planning Commission, City
Council, Consultant
Support and strengthen the level of service offered by all service
providers including public and quasi-public providers Goal Ongoing City Council City Staff, Service Providers
Work with providers to evaluate the need, location, and functional
suitability for public buildings Action Ongoing City Staff City Council, Service Providers
Accommodate growth and modernize services by creating high
quality community facilities Action Ongoing City Council City Staff, Service Providers
Continue to maintain materials and equipment on a routine
schedule Policy Ongoing City Council City Staff
Work with providers to evaluate the need, location, and functional
suitability for public buildings Action Ongoing Advisory
Committees City Staff, City Council
Balance the intensity of development and response times to locate
facilities, including fire stations and branch police stations.Policy Ongoing City Staff City Council
Maintain public spaces and enforce existing codes to create
environments that feel well-kept and safe Action Ongoing City Staff City Council
Prohibit developments with one access point Policy Short Planning
Commission City Staff
Maintain all facilities in a state of good repair, continually evaluate
facility use and adapt accordingly to best serve the market, and
expand services to meet the needs of the growing community
Action Ongoing City Staff City Council, Service Providers
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
197
9iMPLEMENTING THE PLAN
MUNICIPAL SERVICES (CONTINUED)
STEPS TOWARD IMPLEMENTATION
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
Establish a funding mechanism for the maintenance of all types of
public facilities to ensure the long term viability and efficiency of
public infrastructure
Action Ongoing City Council City Staff
Incorporate new facilities and enhancements into the capital
improvements plan (CIP)Action Ongoing City Council City Staff
Identify funding sources for public facility maintenance and
development Action Ongoing City Council City Staff
Create a strategy for successful bond issues Action Short /
Ongoing City Staff City Council
Coordinate infrastructure extensions to reflect the shared goals of
the City of Brookings and Brookings Municipal Utilities Action Medium City Council City Staff, BMU
Promote land development consistent with the comprehensive
plan Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff
Consider a policy to evaluate the cost-benefit analysis of
infrastructure extensions Policy Short City Council City Staff, BMU
Coordinate existing stormwater ordinances with the vision of the
land use plan Policy Ongoing City Staff Planning Commission, City
Council
Evaluate ordinance updates that would require stormwater
management to be integrated as a site amenity Action Short Planning
Commission
City Council, City Staff,
Developers
Evaluate ways to incentivize innovative approaches to stormwater
management Action Short City Staff City Council, Developers
Identify area(s) for larger regional detention Action Medium City Staff Consultant
Strategically identify and implement specific initiatives identified
in the 2014 Brookings Benchmarks Baseline Sustainability Report
as amended thereto.
Goal Medium City Staff Advisory Committees, City
Council
Develop creative measures to increase efficiencies of solid waste
through more environmentally sustainable management practices.Action Medium City Staff Advisory Committees, City
Council
198
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
QUALITY OF LIFE
STEPS TOWARD IMPLEMENTATION
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
Identify and implement new programs and policies for funding
park expansions and enhancements Policy Short City Staff Advisory Committees
Adopt a park land dedication ordinance Policy Short City Staff Park & Rec Board, City Council
Coordinate infrastructure extensions to reflect the shared goals of
the City of Brookings and Brookings Municipal Utilities Action Medium City Council City Staff, BMU
Promote land development consistent with the comprehensive
plan Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff
Consider a policy to evaluate the cost-benefit analysis of
infrastructure extensions Policy Short City Council City Staff, BMU
Coordinate existing stormwater ordinances with the vision of the
land use plan Policy Ongoing City Staff Planning Commission, City Council
Evaluate ordinance updates that would require stormwater
management to be integrated as a site amenity Action Short Planning
Commission City Council, City Staff, Developers
Evaluate ways to incentivize innovative approaches to stormwater
management Action Short City Staff City Council, Developers
Identify area(s) for larger regional detention Action Medium City Staff Consultant
Strategically identify and implement specific initiatives identified
in the 2014 Brookings Benchmarks Baseline Sustainability Report
as amended thereto.
Goal Medium City Staff Advisory Committees, City Council
Develop creative measures to increase efficiencies of solid waste
through more environmentally sustainable management practices.Action Medium City Staff Advisory Committees, City Council
Develop a Park Expansion Trust Fund Policy Short City Council City Staff, Philanthropists
199
9iMPLEMENTING THE PLAN
QUALITY OF LIFE (CONTINUED)
STEPS TOWARD IMPLEMENTATION
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
Team with local civic organizations and philanthropists to fund the
expansion and improvement of the park system Action Short City Council City Staff, Philanthropists, Advisory
Committees
Implement land use regulations that support mixed use
neighborhoods centered around common park or quality of life
amenities
Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission City Staff, City Council, Consultant
Direct city investments and redevelopment dollars toward mixed-
use projects Action Short City Council City Staff
Require features in low density developments that create a sense
of community Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission City Staff
Maintain the city's heritage through appropriate historic
preservation Goal Ongoing Advisory
Committees City Staff, Planning Commission
Revise the city-wide historic preservation assessment and
implement historic preservation plans and programs Action Medium Advisory
Committees City Staff
Create targeted incentives for preservation aimed at overcoming
potential obstacles Action Short City Staff City Council, Advisory Committee,
Developers
Develop guidelines for development in the downtown or other
historic districts Action Short City Staff Main Street Organization, Advisory
Committees
Improve landscaping regulations Policy Medium Planning
Commission City Staff
Support and encourage the use of native landscaping materials Policy Ongoing City Staff Planning Commission
Require additional landscaping for larger projects Policy Short Planning
Commission City Staff, City Council
Upgrade site design standards Policy Short Planning
Commission City Staff
200
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
Require pedestrian accommodations in all site design Policy Short Planning
Commission City Staff
Create design guidelines for all arterial streets Policy Medium Planning
Commission City Staff
Develop design guidelines for the 6th Street corridor Policy Short Planning
Commission City Staff, Consultant
Integrate art and sculptures into public spaces Policy Ongoing Advisory
Committees
City Staff, Developers,
Philanthropists
Implement the recommendations of the Brookings Park Master
Plan and update the plan regularly Action Varies City Staff Advisory Committees, City
Council
Promote the advancement, development, and appreciation of
public art into community amenities.Goal Ongoing City Council Advisory Committees, City
Staff
Encourage environmentally friendly construction methods and use
of recyclable, green "sustainable" materials.Goal Ongoing City Council Advisory Committees, City
Staff
Implement the recomments of the Brookings Park Master Plan as
it pertains the developing and maintaining a strong and healthy
urban forest and update the plan regularily.
Action Varies City Staff Advisory Committees, City
Council
Prioritize and identify funding sources for key recommendations
with the Park Master Plan Action Varies City Staff Advisory Committees, City
Council
Maintain all facilities in a state of good repair, continually evaluate
facility use and adapt accordingly to best serve the market Action Ongoing City Staff City Council
Budget adequately for the maintenance and improvement of
existing parks on an annual basis Policy Ongoing City Council City Staff
Continually evaluate recreation trends and demands to adapt to
changing community desires Action Ongoing City Staff Advisory Committees
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
QUALITY OF LIFE (CONTINUED)
STEPS TOWARD IMPLEMENTATION
201
9iMPLEMENTING THE PLAN
Expand the city’s neighborhood park system into growth areas Action Ongoing City Staff Planning Commission, City
Council, Developers
Add to the city’s community park system through the preservation
of areas prone to water issues, potentially including areas in the
floodplain or with high water tables
Action Ongoing City Council City Staff, Developers
Use trails and greenways to connect the city's existing and future
parks through a linear recreation system Action Ongoing City Council City Staff, Developers,
Advisory Committees
Implement the Bicycle Master Plan Action Varies City Staff Advisory Committees, City
Council, Consultant
Require buffers along drainageways both for protection and to
create corridors that connect destinations together Policy Medium Planning
Commission City Staff, Developers
Promote inclusive and well-connected neighborhoods. Goal Ongoing City Council City Staff, Advisory Committee
Develop and implement a public art master plan.Action Short Advisory
Committees City Staff, City Council
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
QUALITY OF LIFE (CONTINUED)
STEPS TOWARD IMPLEMENTATION
202
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT AREAS
STEPS TOWARD IMPLEMENTATION
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
SOUTH MAIN AREA
Incorporate multi-use trails and sidewalks along the right of way
to provide a north-south connection for bicyclists and pedestrians.
Explore funding mechanisms that could potentially include public-
private partnerships
Action Medium City Staff City Council, Advisory
Committee, Developers
Promote landscaping and tree plantings along the corridor Policy Short City Staff Planning Commission
Evaluate adopting or updating landscape requirements to require
landscaping for site development projects Policy Medium Planning
Commission City Staff, City Council
Encourage businesses to share driveway accesses onto Main
Avenue South to alleviate potential traffic conflicts Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission City Staff
6TH STREET AREA
Create an attractive and welcoming pedestrian environment along
the length of the corridor related to the scale and configuration of
development
Action Ongoing City Council City Staff, Developers,
Philanthropists
Integrate safe and comfortable bicycle and pedestrian crossings at
major nodes along 6th Street Action Short City Council City Staff, Developers,
Philanthropists
Continue to integrate landscaping and thematic elements into the
streetscape Action Ongoing City Staff City Council, Developers,
Philanthropists
Promote high quality development and a mix of complementary
uses that allow the corridor to function as a cohesive business
district
Action Ongoing Planning
Commission
City Staff, Developers, City
Council
Mitigate impacts to the adjacent historic districts by encouraging a
graceful transition between those properties with frontage on 6th
Street to those with frontage on 7th and 5th Streets respectively
Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission
City Staff, Advisory
Committees
Consider the general recommendations in this section when
evaluating redevelopment proposals in terms of scale (real and
perceived), location and screening of parking; and mitigation of
off-site impacts.
Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission
City Staff, Advisory
Committees, Developers
203
9iMPLEMENTING THE PLAN
STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT AREAS (CONTINUED)
STEPS TOWARD IMPLEMENTATION
RECOMMENDATION TYPE TIMING LEADERSHIP PARTNERS
Implement the recommendations of the Policy Map and use the
site specific development concepts as a guide for redevelopment
and tactical site interventions
Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission City Staff, Developers
Implement the "form and scale" guidance and the "transitions and
compatibility" recommendation for each policy area identified on
the Policy Map
Policy Ongoing Planning
Commission City Staff, Developers
Implement the recommendations of the 6th Street Policy Map in
terms of attention node enhancement Action Ongoing Planning
Commission
City Staff, City Council,
Developers
MANUFACTURED HOME PARKS
Explore opportunities to improve and retrofit aging manufactured
home parks Action Short City Staff Developers, Planning
Commission, Philanthropists
BRIDGING THE INTERSTATE
Explore the creation of a trail crossing of Interstate 29 between
SDSU, the trail system, and the eastern employment centers and
emerging development areas
Action Medium City Staff Advisory Committees, City
Council, Consultant
To coincide with the construction of a trail bridge over the
interstate, institute policies supporting trail use including: required
trail access; wayfinding, communal spaces oriented to the trail;
and integrating artistic and landscape elements into the trail
corridor.
Policy Medium City Staff Planning Commission, Advisory
Committees; Developers
Facilitate the development of a mixed-use, conservation
neighborhood on the site of the former SDSU tree farm if the site
becomes available.
Action Medium City Staff Planning Commission, SDSU;
Developers
Facilitate the development of a town center development at the
northeast quadrant of 6th Street and Interstate 29 Action Medium City Staff City Council
DOWNTOWN ACTIONS
Continue to strengthen the central business district, its historic
character, its destination quality, and institute policies to promote
long term vitality and relevance.
Action Ongoing Main Street
Organization City Staff
Develop a downtown master plan Action Short Main Street
Organization City Staff, Consultant
Appendix
A
The development of this plan included the collection of a wealth of
information, analysis, and complementary planning efforts. The appendix
contains these supplemental materials not included in the body of the
comprehensive plan.
206
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
FIGURE A.1: Assessed Value Per Square Foot of Lot
207
Appendix A
FIGURE A.2: Total Assessed Property Value
208
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
FIGURE A.3: Median Year Built
209
Appendix A
FIGURE A.4: Households Paying More than 30% of Income to Mortgage
210
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
FIGURE A.5: Households Paying More than 30% of Income to Rent and Utilities
211
Appendix A
FIGURE A.6: Road Intersections (Connectivity Metric)
212
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
FIGURE A.7: Land Use Comparison to Peer Communities
CITY RESIDENTIAL
PERCENT
COMMERCIAL
PERCENT
INDUSTRIAL
PERCENT
CIVIC
PERCENT
PARKS AND
RECREATION RIGHT OF WAY
Brookings, SD 23.29 4.91 13.17 18.96 10.84 28.82
Kearney, NE 35.25 8.85 4.86 14.2 9.85 27
Cedar Falls, IA 38.50 4.80 8.40 17.50 9.10 21.70
Yankton, SD 25.33 6.18 7.14 29.43 14.05 17.87
Hays, KS 35.08 9.83 8.03 17.37 3.70 26.00
Source: RDG Database and Community Land Use Records
FIGURE A.8: Affordability Comparisons
CITY MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD
INCOME
MEDIAN HOME
VALUE
VALUE/INCOME
RATIO MEDIAN YEAR BUILT MEDIAN CONTRACT
RENT
Brookings $45,175 $159,400 3.53 1979 $568
Kearney, NE $50,566 $153,100 3.03 1978 $580
Cedar Falls, IA $55,808 $170,500 3.06 1969 $672
Emporia, KS $36,228 $88,700 2.45 1967 $461
Hays, KS $42,976 $157,900 3.67 1973 $515
Maryville, MO $26,889 $129,700 4.82 1975 $511
Spearfish, SD $43,046 $194,300 4.51 1983 $535
Sioux Falls $52,494 $157,800 3.01 1983 $655
Source: US Census Bureau, 2000 & 2010
FIGURE A.9: Housing Affordability Trend
MEDIAN
HOUSEHOLD INCOME
MEDIAN HOME
VALUE
VALUE TO INCOME
RATIO
MEDIAN
GROSS RENT
MEDIAN GROSS RENT (PERCENT OF
MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME)
2000 $31,266 $93,900 3.00 $393 15.08%
2010 $39,403 $141,100 3.58 $588 17.91%
2015 $45,175 $159,400 3.53 $664 17.64%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau; American Community Survey
FIGURE A.10: Projected Housing Demand
2020 2025 2030 2035 TOTAL
Population 24,721 26,670 28,769 31,031
Household Population 20,963 22,616 24,396 26,314
Average Household Size 2.31 2.31 2.31 2.31
Household Demand 9,075 9,790 10,561 11,392
Projected Vacancy Rate 6.38%6.38%6.38%6.38%
Annual Replacement Need 5 5 5 5 95
Total Unit Demand at End of Period 426 789 848 912 2,975
Average Annual Construction 142 158 170 182 165
Source: RDG Planning & Design, 2017
213
Appendix A
FIGURE A.13: Projected Industrial Land Needs - Trend Scenario
POPULATION PROPORTION METHOD 2015 2025 2035 CONVERSION
NEED
DESIGNATED
LAND (X1.5)
Projected Population 22,974 26,670 31,031
Industrial Use/100 res. 4.22 4.22 4.22
Projected Commercial Use (acres)970 1,127 1,311 340 1,021
RESIDENTIAL USE PROPORTION METHOD
Residential Land (acres)1,716 2,020 2,460
Industrial/Residential Ratio 0.57 0.57 0.57
Projected Commercial Use (acres)970 1,142 1,391 421 1,262
Source: RDG Planning & Design, 2017
FIGURE A.11: Projected Residential Land Needs - Trend Scenario
2017-2025 % OF DEMAND UNITS
GROSS
DENSITY
(DU/A)
LAND NEEDS DESIGNATED
LAND (X2)
Low Density 50%608 2.5 243 486
Medium Density 10%122 6 20 41
High Density 40%486 12 41 81
Total 100%1,215 304 608
2025-2035
Low Density 50% 880 2.5 352 704
Medium Density 10% 176 6 29 59
High Density 40% 704 12 59 117
Total 100% 1,760 440 880
Total 2017-2035 2,975 744 1,488
Source: RDG Planning & Design, 2017
FIGURE A.12: Projected Commercial Land Needs - Trend Scenario
POPULATION PROPORTION METHOD 2015 2025 2035 CONVERSION
NEED
DESIGNATED
LAND (X1.5)
Projected Population 22,974 26,670 31,031
Comm Use/100 res. 1.58 1.58 1.58
Projected Commercial Use (acres) 362 420 489 127 190
RESIDENTIAL USE PROPORTION METHOD
Residential Land (acres) 1,715.81 2,019.61 2,459.64
Commercial/Residential Ratio 0.21 0.21 0.21
Projected Commercial Use (acres) 362 426.22 519.09 157 235
Source: RDG Planning & Design, 2017
214
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
FIGURE A.15: Projected Industrial Land Needs - Efficiency Scenario
POPULATION PROPORTION METHOD 2015 2025 2035 CONVERSION
NEED
DESIGNATED
LAND (X1.5)
Projected Population 22,974 26,670 31,031
Industrial Use/100 res. 4.22 4.22 4.22
Projected Commercial Use (acres)970 1,127 1,311 340 1,021
RESIDENTIAL USE PROPORTION METHOD
Residential Land (acres)1,716 1,878 2,113
Industrial/Residential Ratio 0.57 0.57 0.57
Projected Commercial Use (acres)970 1,062 1,195 225 674
Source: RDG Planning & Design, 2017
FIGURE A.14: Projected Residential Land Needs - Efficiency Scenario
2017-2025 % OF DEMAND UNITS
GROSS
DENSITY
(DU/A)
LAND NEEDS DESIGNATED
LAND (X2)
Low Density 30%365 4 91 182
Medium Density 30%365 10 36 73
High Density 40%486 14 35 69
Total 100%1,215 162 325
2025-2035
Low Density 30% 528 4 132 264
Medium Density 30% 528 10 53 106
High Density 40% 704 14 50 101
Total 100% 1,760 235 470
Total 2017-2035 2,975 397 795
Source: RDG Planning & Design, 2017
FIGURE A.15: Projected Commercial Land Needs - Efficiency Scenario
POPULATION PROPORTION METHOD 2015 2025 2035 CONVERSION
NEED
DESIGNATED
LAND (X1.5)
Projected Population 22,974 26,670 31,031
Comm Use/100 res. 1.58 1.58 1.58
Projected Commercial Use (acres) 362 420 489 127 190
RESIDENTIAL USE PROPORTION METHOD
Residential Land (acres) 1,715.81 1,878.13 2,113.23
Commercial/Residential Ratio 0.21 0.21 0.21
Projected Commercial Use (acres) 362 396.36 445.98 84 126
Source: RDG Planning & Design, 2017
brookings
SOUTH DAKOTA
comprehensive plan
brookings
SOUTH DAKOTA
comprehensive plan
Adopted April 2018
Planning for 2040
Executive Summary
Executive Summary
Over the past year, hundreds of residents and leaders came
together to create a unified plan for how Brookings will create its
future over the next 20 years! This plan comes at an opportune
time of rapid change - commercially, technologically, and
nationally - to provide a roadmap for how Brookings can position
itself for success through a changing landscape!
PLAN FOR GROWTH
PLAN FOR A POPULATION OF 31,000 BY
2035
·Create and expand neighborhoods, commercial centers,
employment centers in a way that contributes to the overall
quality of the community and resident experience.
·Add new community facilities such as schools, libraries, police
and fire stations, and other infrastructure.
PRESERVE COMMUNITY CHARACTER
·Grow in a way that contributes to the character of the city and
the experience of its residents.
·Neighborhoods should integrate amenities and be connected
throughout the city for pedestrians, bicyclists, transit users,
and drivers. By mixing land uses and designing developments
for amenities, residents can enjoy greater convenience,
character, and a better experience.
GROW WITH NATURE
·Brookings is restricted on virtually all sides by floodplains and
a high ground watertable.
·Growth should be relatively compact and contiguous to
existing development and focus on providing a cohesive
pattern of development.
·Neighborhoods should seek to integrate wetlands and
stormwater management areas as a community amenity
through the creation of trails, greenways, and a connected
recreation system.
HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE PLAN
GOALS
·Conceived through community input and crafted by the
advisory committee to reflect the values and aspirations of
Brookings.
·As fundamental elements of the plan, the goals:
›guide the content of the plan including recommendations
›guide decisions related to capital improvements, land use
decisions, and initiatives
THE LAND DEVELOPMENT PLAN
·Intensity Based Approach. The intensity based approach,
especially pertinent to strategic development areas and new
neighborhoods, encourages projects to integrate a series of
complementary land uses. The goal is to allow growth that is
convenient, attractive, and connected to residents, jobs, and
amenities.
·Development Concept. The development concept looks for
ways to "connect the dots" between assets and opportunities
in a framework for how the community can grow most
efficiently.
218
·Future Land Use Map. The future land use map articulates
a growth plan which integrates land use, transportation
patterns, and future parks.
›Property Owners Decide. The map depicts new land uses
including private properties. The transitions from the
current use to the depicted use is expected to occur slowly
over time, in response to market demands, as property
owners voluntarily sell, develop, or change the use of their
land.
›Generalized Map. The map does not provide the specificity
or rigidity of a zoning map or engineering document. The
map is intended to show:
»Generalized land use locations and transitions
»Collector and arterial street connections.
›A Basis for Land Use Decisions. The map should
provide the basis for land use decisions by the Planning
Commission, the City Council, and private developers.
PLAN ELEMENTS
·The individual plan elements provide an overview and
recommendations for how to strengthen the many
components of the community:
›Housing and Neighborhoods
›Transportation and Mobility
›Municipal Services
›Quality of Life
›Strategic Development Areas
·Each of these elements provides insight into the individual
conditions, opportunities, and challenges facing each of these
topic areas with recommendations for each.
IMPLEMENTATION CHAPTER
·The plan contains many recommendations - including actions,
policies, and capital investments - and it often involves a
unique team of partners for implementation.
·The implementation chapter provides a guide to making the
project a reality including the following elements:
›Regulatory Mechanisms and Annexation Policies
›Plan Maintenance, Changes, and Annual Review
›Roles and Responsibilities for Implementation
›Implementation Table and Schedule
·The implementation table should be reviewed annually by the
Planning Commission, be used to create an annual action and
capital improvement program, and be kept up to date.
CONTENTS OF THIS SUMMARY:
·Development Concept Map
·Future Land Use Map
·Element Summary Pages
219
220
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
FIGURE E.1: Future Land Use Plan
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
221
8PLAN ELEMENTS
FIGURE E.2: Development Concepts Map
EExecutive Summary
222
HOUSING &
NEIGHBORHOODS
GOALS
Create healthy neighborhoods that offer a range of
housing types to accommodate workers and residents
at all stages of life.
Connect neighborhoods to community destinations
including jobs, commerce, and recreation.
Create neighborhoods that build on the character and
quality of existing neighborhoods.
CONTEXT:
Brookings is growing. Between 1960 and 2016, Brookings has
welcomed more than 6,700 new residents including students and
traditional residents. This is a healthy growth rate of between 1%
and 1.75% annually and is faster than many peer communities.
The development community is responding. To accommodate
growth, builders in Brookings are producing an average of 175
units per year (2005 - 2025) with approximately 50% of those
units being single-family detached. New development areas are
limited making land consumption an area of concern.
Students impact the housing market. Nearly 50% of units are
renter occupied, driven mostly by a large number of students
living off campus. Traditional residents of all ages and income
brackets looking for rental housing often compete with students
for a finite number of units.
Students impact neighborhoods. Some blocks around SDSU are
fully occupied by students. Other adjacent blocks are working to
retain more of a balance between owner and renter occupancy.
ISSUES:
Affordable housing. Many factors are affecting housing costs for
Brookings. Some of these issues are similar to other communities
in the region, including construction costs growing at a faster rate
than wages and lack of variety in the market. Somewhat unique
to Brookings is the impact students have on the housing market.
The economics of how they pay for housing and their living
arrangements make it difficult for many traditional residents to
compete for housing.
Single-product housing development. Home production has
focused on single family-detached and multi-family, primarily
at the upper end of the market. While this does accommodate
the technical need for new housing, this pattern serves to isolate
populations and decreases movement in the market
Fragmented street grid and isolated neighborhoods. Connected
neighborhoods provide countless benefits including reliable and
prompt emergency response, the ability for residents to walk
or bicycle to their destination, and for residential developments
to complement one another. Due to several factors, recent
developments have resulted in a loss of street connectivity and
increased isolation of new neighborhoods.
Evolving student and retiree housing needs. On campus housing
is changing with greater interest and demand for suite type units.
At the same time, demand for good quality off-campus student
housing is increasing and interest in downsizing by retirees is
creating a demand for new, quality units.
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
223
OPPORTUNITIES:
Strengthen existing neighborhoods. Brookings’ neighborhoods
are a primary source of the charm and quality that residents value
and want to preserve. Efforts should enhance and strengthen
existing neighborhoods to ensure their quality, role, and identity.
Trail, street, and sidewalk connections. Connected
neighborhoods are healthy neighborhoods that allow residents
to walk or ride a bicycle to parks, schools, and other destinations;
conversely, a lack of connections rapidly increases the actual
and perceived distance between places within the city. A robust
transportation system will support the small-town character that
residents value today even as Brookings continues to grow.
Stormwater as an amenity. A significant liability for Brookings is
the combination of high-groundwater and the need to manage
stormwater during rainfall events. Innovative treatments such as
detention and retention basins, wetlands, and regional lakes can
serve as a focal point and amenity for new neighborhoods.
Growth and appetite. There is a strong appetite for new housing
types throughout the city. This growth and appetite offers
the development community and the city the opportunity to
introduce innovative neighborhood configurations, housing
products, and amenities with limited risk.
BIG IDEAS:
Housing as a public good. Housing is the single greatest real
estate investment in Brookings’ and these homes shelter and
offer a sense of place to Brookings’ single greatest asset, its
people. Therefore, housing should be treated as infrastructure
and an extension of the community fabric.
Thoughtful and intentional growth. Brookings is expected to
welcome approximately 8,000 new residents by 2035 as it grows
to a population of nearly 31,000. The way it grows will determine
the type of community it becomes, the lifestyle choices residents
will have, and the role that Brookings will play in the region.
·Average annual production needed. Approximately 165
dwelling units should be produced annually with community
facilities such as parks, schools, and trails to support the
growing population.
·Housing types needed. Approximately 60% should be owner
occupied and 40% should be renter occupied.
·Price-points for market health. A variety of price-points is
needed to allow residents to enter the housing market (as
owners or renters), establish financial stability, and then to
move within the market based on their phase of life.
Create neighborhoods. A neighborhood is an extension of the
city framework that integrates new streets, public space, and
homes in a way that seamlessly benefits both the existing and
new residential areas. Effective neighborhood development
requires a vision for how land will fit together as it develops.
·Integrate Diverse Housing Types. A vibrant housing market
and neighborhood accommodates a resident throughout
the phases of their life including entry-level options (owner
and rental), family homes, and downsize options (owner and
rental).
·Create Workforce Housing Opportunities. Used in place of
“affordable housing” which is too relative, the community
should focus on providing varying housing products and
price-points for its workforce. Without a focus on housing its
workforce (current and future), housing will continue to limit
the economic potential of Brookings.
Preserve existing housing. The city's best source of
affordable housing is within its existing housing stock. Poor
property maintenance, structural deterioration, and delayed
maintenance of public infrastructure can quickly degrade
neighborhood quality and property values. This has the dual
effect of diminishing the city's stock of sound affordable housing
and suppressing the economic benefits of rehabilitation.
Reinvestment in older neighborhoods is essential to providing a
continuing source of workforce housing.
Role of Students in the Market and the Community. Student
oriented neighborhoods should offer these residents a quality
setting, proximity and direct access to SDSU for bicyclist and
pedestrians, and seek to integrate students into the community.
Shared Risk, Shared Reward: Collective Housing Development.
While it is easy to float lofty ideas of how development should
occur, it can be difficult to introduce new housing products, new
neighborhood types, and innovative infrastructure treatments.
For this purpose, public-private partnerships may be required to
demonstrate innovation.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION:
1. Utilize the relevant recommendations from the Brookings
Affordable Housing Task Force final report
2. Expand housing diversity by type and cost
3. Revitalize and stabilize older neighborhoods
4. Encourage infill development
5. Integrate amenities at the heart of new neighborhoods such
as trails, parks or plazas, schools, and other facilities
6. Establish minimum connectivity standards
7. Encourage downtown's evolution as a neighborhood with
housing
EExecutive Summary
224
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
TRANSPORTATION GOALS
Create a transportation network that provides a
safe and efficient means for all users including
pedestrians, bicyclists, and drivers.
Establish a transportation system that will support
desirable patterns of community, neighborhood, and
economic development.
CONTEXT:
Brookings is growing. Brookings is growing geographically with
new residential, industrial, and commercial areas developed each
year. The transportation system must serve this future development
without compromising the character of the community.
Dependence on the regional transportation system. Brookings’
role as a regional job center is increasing. Over 50% of the city's
workforce lives outside of Brookings. The transportation system
must be capable of managing this inflow of traffic on a daily basis
while also growing in ways that bring more of those individuals to
live in Brookings.
Resident expectations. Residents value the ease of movement
and small town character that Brookings affords them today.
Many allow their children to walk or ride a bicycle to school, a lot
of adults enjoy walking on the trail or to the downtown, and all
value how quickly they can get from place to place regardless of
their mode of transportation. These expectations will persist as
the community continues to grow.
Real estate. The real estate dedicated to public roadways
accounts for 24.5% of all land in Brookings (34% of all developed
land). As a significant land use, the roadways affect the
perception of the public environment and the city as a whole.
ISSUES:
Increasing fragmentation of the street network. As development
has moved south, environmental barriers and misunderstandings
about what makes neighborhoods safe has, at times, created a
fragmented street network. However, connecting transportation
routes concurrent with development allows for more reliable
emergency services, increased resilience to closures and
incidents, and an environment that is more walkable and bikeable.
Limited interstate access for resident and freight travel. As
the city continues to grow, demand for an additional interstate
access point will only grow. New homes, community features,
and destinations are being developed farther south, increasingly
more distant from interstate access.
Limited interstate crossings. The interstate divides the
community with virtually all residential on the west and major
employers on the east. This division creates pinch-points that
result in regular congestion and a system with little resilience to
street closures and incidents.
Barriers to bicycle and pedestrian transportation. Brookings has
a good trail system but barriers exist that prevent the connection
of key destinations around the city. These include physical
barriers and safety barriers. Crossing major streets is often
challenging or uncomfortable, and the lack of street connectivity
in newer areas can make active transportation difficult.
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
225
8PLAN ELEMENTS
OPPORTUNITIES:
Interstate proximity and access. The interstate affords Brookings
many advantages including rapid access to Sioux Falls for
commercial, industrial, and employment centers; high visibility
and convenient access for interstate travelers; and a location that
is attractive to commercial and industrial enterprises.
Low stress neighborhood streets. Brookings has a well-
established hierarchy of streets where the majority of traffic
is directed efficiently from neighborhood streets, to collector
streets, and onto the arterial streets that ultimately lead to the
final destination. This creates a system of well-connected and
quiet neighborhood streets that support strong neighborhoods
and safe bicycle and pedestrian travel.
Strong trail and pedestrian system. The existing trail system
provides a foundation for the city's bicycle and pedestrian
system. The community can build upon this foundation with
the implementation of the bicycle and pedestrian plan and
the addition of trails, sidewalks, and destinations in new
developments.
Well-respected and well-utilized transit. The Brookings Area
Transit Authority (BATA) provides a well-respected transit service
as evidenced by its outstanding ridership numbers. While most
recognized for its safe ride program, many residents use BATA for
its on-demand transit, trips to parks and amenities, and regular
trips to Sioux Falls. Despite these successes, there are many that
still do not realize the high level of accessibility that it provides
and the potential it has to support the continued growth of the
city.
Bicycle Master Plan. The city developed a Bicycle Master Plan
to provide a roadmap towards creating an integrated system of
trails and comfortable on-street routes that will support human
powered transportation throughout the city. The implementation
of this plan is an opportunity to integrate bicycles as a vital
component of the transportation system.
BIG IDEAS:
Build a system that works for everyone. A transportation system
should integrate all modes of travel in a manner that allows each
mode to complement the others and provide viable alternatives.
For example, robust bicycle, pedestrian, and transit systems
complement one-another and create a stronger transportation
network. A system that works for everyone allows people to
move around a city and seamlessly integrate different modes of
transportation.
Plan ahead and implement with growth. The city’s future
transportation system should be a framework that is conceived
in advance of development, implemented with development, and
allows for the graceful expansion of the system to accommodate
future development.
Build with development. Development projects should be
designed in a way that allows for transportation infrastructure
to be built incrementally. This approach offsets initial costs to
the development community and the long-term maintenance
responsibilities of the city.
Principles for transportation development. Residents of
Brookings cherish aspects of the city transportation system
including how their children can walk or ride their bicycles to
schools and parks and how quickly it is possible to get from place
to place. The transportation element identifies the positive traits
and prescribes these as values for how the transportation system
should serve its residents.
·Design for walkability and bicycle friendliness
·Create quiet neighborhood streets through a defined
hierarchy of streets and a connected system with few dead-
ends
·Reduce pinch-points by creating alternative routes
·Consider lifecycle costs and the overall impact of
infrastructure development
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION:
1. Coordinate transportation and land use plans
2. Implement the Major Streets Plan
3. Establish site development standards for pedestrian and
bicycle friendly development
4. Expand the existing bicycle and pedestrian system pursuant
to applicable system plans
5. Create multi-modal transportation standards
6. Maintain existing streets, sidewalks, and trails in a state of
good repair
7. Create a funding strategy for new and existing streets
EExecutive Summary
226
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
MUNICIPAL
SERVICES
GOALS
Ensure land use, infrastructure, and transportation
patterns support the efficient and cost-effective
delivery of emergency services.
Guide the extension of infrastructure in a way
that supports efficient patterns of community and
economic development.
Strengthen existing public facilities and locate
infrastructure strategically to encourage private
sector investment and reinvestment, job creation,
and to improve quality of life in Brookings.
Establish a regional stormwater management
strategy and apply to all aspects of development.
Strategically identify and implement specific
initiatives identified in the Brookings Benchmark
Baseline Sustainability Report as amended
thereto.
CONTEXT:
Foundation of urban life. Municipal facilities and services are the
foundation of the community. On this foundation, neighborhoods,
commercial ventures, employment centers, and the city’s quality
of life are built.
Many service providers, including quasi-public entities.
Brookings is served by various public and quasi-public
entities that provide services including the Brookings School
District, SDSU, Sanford Health Clinic, and many not-for-profit
organizations. While all providers are important and should be
strengthened, the focus of this chapter are the services provided
by the City of Brookings and its affiliates.
Shared responsibility. Infrastructure is developed by a
combination of forces – the need for infrastructure is often
created by growth in the private sector, while the installation
(including specifications, operation, and long term maintenance)
is then delivered by the city. The creation of infrastructure must
suit the short and long-term needs of the development but also
the city.
Resident expectations. Residents currently experience high-
quality community services. This service is valued by current
and future residents who expect the same level of service and
amenities to continue, even with growth.
Condition of facilities and infrastructure. Many of the community
facilities in Brookings have seen recent investment through new
development, major rehabilitation, enhancement, or feasibility
studies.
ISSUES:
City and Brookings Municipal Utilities (shared responsibilities,
separate entities). The expansion of infrastructure requires a high
degree of planning, communication, and cooperation between
the separately managed Brookings Municipal Utilities and the City
of Brookings. It is important that the two entities share a common
vision on development in Brookings. Continued cooperation and
joint planning for all infrastructure expansions and extensions
is crucial to insuring such services are efficient, economical,
financially sustainable and meet the goals and objectives of both
entities.
Stormwater, ground water, and the impact on development.
Brookings has a limited amount of developable land due to
the shallow depth to groundwater. Shallow ground water and
flat topography limit development and often create higher
development costs due to the additional site work including
adding soils and addressing stormwater. Flat grades can also
increase water and sewer infrastructure costs due to the need for
pump and lift stations.
BROOKINGS: A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
227
8PLAN ELEMENTS
Increasing demand for a growing population. Brookings will
continue to grow and, it must expand its municipal services and
amenities to meet those new needs.
Cost of infrastructure - lifecycle costs. The cost of installation
is too often considered the only cost of infrastructure. However,
the cost of operation and long term maintenance immediately
passes into the public responsibility. Factors that impact the
lifecycle cost of infrastructure include: density of development;
infrastructure/amenity durability, street configuration, and many
other factors.
OPPORTUNITIES:
Use infrastructure to guide land development. Infrastructure
is required for urban land development and should be used as a
tool to guide the implementation of this plan.
Greenways and connected stormwater basins. Many
developments in Brookings include isolated stormwater detention
basins engineered to offset the exact amount of runoff generated
by site improvements. While this does fulfill the technical need to
manage stormwater onsite, it wastes an opportunity to create a
community amenity and restore the ecosystem of the prairie. By
creating a system of greenways, connected basins, and regional
detention, Brookings could manage its stormwater in a way that
can also host trails, parks, amenities, and wildlife.
Premier public facilities. The tradition of excellence with
regards to its public facilities sets Brookings apart from its peer
communities. By expanding upon this tradition of excellence,
Brookings will continue to expand its reputation as a leading city
in South Dakota.
BIG IDEAS:
Maintain and expand level of service for the growing
population. Brookings offers a high level of municipal services.
The focus should be maintaining this level of service to ensure
that all residents – current and new – will enjoy the benefits of
quality municipal services.
Infrastructure and facilities as economic development.
Infrastructure plays a requisite role in the development of land
and therefore must be seamlessly integrated into the process
of negotiating how land is developed. This comprehensive plan
should establish a vision that both the city and BMU can pursue.
Facilities as neighborhood centers. With new land development
comes the need for additional public facilities and amenities
(public and quasi public) and these features should be
intentionally located to anchor the development. If a facility is
integrated into a development both resources will benefit.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION:
1. Support and strengthen the level of service offered by all
service providers including public providers and quasi-public
providers (including the Brookings School District, the South
Dakota Children’s Museum, SDSU, and others)
2. Maintain all facilities in a state of good repair, continually
evaluate facility use and adapt accordingly to best serve
the market, and expand services to meet the needs of the
growing community
3. Maximize public safety through site design
4. Establish a funding mechanism for the maintenance of all
types of public facilities to ensure the long term viability and
efficiency of public infrastructure
5. Coordinate infrastructure extensions to reflect the shared
goals of the City of Brookings and Brookings Municipal
Utilities
6. Coordinate stormwater ordinances with the vision of the land
use plan
7. Develop creative measures to increase efficiencies of
solid waste through more environmentally sustainable
management practices.
EExecutive Summary
900 Farnam Street
Suite 100
Omaha, Nebraska 68102
p 402 392 0133
www.rdgusa.com
City of Brookings
Staff Report
Brookings City & County
Government Center, 520
Third Street
Brookings, SD 57006
(605) 692-6281 phone
(605) 692-6907 fax
File #:ID 2018-0207,Version:1
Action to approve a contract for the City Manager position.
City of Brookings Printed on 4/19/2018Page 1 of 1
powered by Legistar™